Improving the Performance of HF Radio Networks in Presence of Interference: Frequency Hopping Automatic Link Establishment

Improving the Performance of HF Radio Networks in Presence of Interference: Frequency Hopping Automatic Link Establishment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Improving the Performance of HF Radio Networks in Presence of Interference: Frequency Hopping Automatic Link Establishment Afrooz Haghbin, Masoud Khodaverdizadeh, Farbod Razzazi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-834512/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) is crucial in channel assignment and data exchange in HF radio networks. The time of link establishment and its quality are two main concerns in this criterion establishment. In jamming environments, the quality of the channels is seriously influenced by the jammer signals. Frequency Hopping (FH) approaches supports communication links to overcome the jamming impairments, and the traditional ALE algorithm can be made more stable by using this approach. This paper has developed ALE algorithms to automatically establish links to handle different jamming scenarios and establish robust links to exchange data with the proposed FH-ALE system. Besides, in the proposed algorithm, we have considered the time of link establishment to be almost identical to the current ALE scenario. Hence, in the normal channel condition, the throughput value is approximately identical in proposed and traditional cases. The simulation results represent the superiority of the proposed FH-ALE approach in jamming environments. Automatic Link Establishment Frequency Hopping Jamming Scenarios Throughput Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revisions 14 Mar, 2022 Reviews received at journal 19 Feb, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Feb, 2022 Editor assigned by journal 30 Aug, 2021 First submitted to journal 20 Aug, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-834512","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":84883478,"identity":"befd2ec9-06c2-4074-81eb-b7196e6dc92c","order_by":0,"name":"Afrooz Haghbin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgYGxoYDPAzsDQzMDAZQwQSitPAcIFELA4NEAlALMYC/gffgx6877siYSz5/9rmgwC6xgf3wA4aHe3BrkTjAlywte+YZj+XsHOPZMwySExt40gwYEp7hseYAj4G0ZNthHoPbOczMPAbMiQ0MOUC/HMCtQ/4Aj/FvsJabxx8DtdQnNvC/wa/F4ACPmeRHkJYbDMZALYcTGyQI2GJ4mMfMmrHtGY/BmRxj5hkGx43bJJ4ZHMCnRe54j/HNn2137A2OAx1W8Kdatp8/+eHDH3i0gOKCmQdZgA2I8WkAA8YfhFSMglEwCkbByAYARSlQXF9ACdAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-0348","institution":"Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Afrooz","middleName":"","lastName":"Haghbin","suffix":""},{"id":84883477,"identity":"8d00e3ee-0490-4318-8a0d-72ced581ab43","order_by":1,"name":"Masoud Khodaverdizadeh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Masoud","middleName":"","lastName":"Khodaverdizadeh","suffix":""},{"id":84883479,"identity":"b3465e9e-6657-4ec6-b294-a907c2bac8e4","order_by":2,"name":"Farbod Razzazi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Farbod","middleName":"","lastName":"Razzazi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-08-22 01:46:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-834512/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-834512/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":18456067,"identity":"de64d7a4-4e2f-4cb5-989d-6cfe6a73565d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-02-21 21:12:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1128029,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"WPCkhodaverdi14000527final.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-834512/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Improving the Performance of HF Radio Networks in Presence of Interference: Frequency Hopping Automatic Link Establishment","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-834512/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-personal-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wire","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Personal Communications](https://www.springer.com/journal/11277)","snPcode":"11277","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11277/3","title":"Wireless Personal Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Automatic Link Establishment , Frequency Hopping , Jamming Scenarios , Throughput","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-834512/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-834512/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) is crucial in channel assignment and data exchange in HF radio networks. 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