Gynaecology

This chapter explores gynaecology. It includes history and examination, sexual health and dysfunction, gynaecological anatomy, genital abnormalities, female genital mutilation, normal menstruation, defining menstrual abnormalities, amenorrhoea, polycystic ovaries, menorrhagia, premenstrual syndrome, the menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), termination of pregnancy, miscarriage, recurrent miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, pregnancy of unknown location, gestational trophoblastic disease, the vulva, vulval lumps and ulcers, the cervix and cervical screening, management of CIN, cervical cancer, the uterus, vaginal cancer, fibroids in pregnancy, endometrial cancer, endometrial sampling, benign ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer, vaginal discharge, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, prolapse, subfertility (causes, tests, treatment), male subfertility, contraception, the ideal contraceptive, intrauterine contraceptive device and system, emergency contraception, combined hormonal contraceptives, progestogen-only contraceptives, sterilization, urinary incontinence, gynaecological surgery, pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.