Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and uric acid dissolution power of some local plant extracts: in vitro therapeutical approach in the treatment of gout

Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and uric acid dissolution power of some local plant extracts: in vitro therapeutical approach in the treatment of gout | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and uric acid dissolution power of some local plant extracts: in vitro therapeutical approach in the treatment of gout Hicham BOUAKKAZ, amar Djridane, regia Mahfoudi, Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4335216/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Elevated serum levels of uric acid are associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia and gout. Recent attention has focused on the bioactive properties of plant extracts in preventing disease. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 16 different extracts from four local plants on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase and the dissolution of uric acid, as well as the quantification of certain phytoconstituents and their haemolytic effects on human red blood cells. Results from quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed significant (p<0.0001) intra- and inter-specific variability in total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, uric acid, sodium, potassium, and calcium depending on the studied species and the type of solvent used in extraction. A total of 19 phenolic compounds were characterized and quantified using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in both negative and positive ionization modes mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), including phenolic acids, flavonoids and other polyphenols. The in vitro anti-gout activity results indicated that all extracts had the ability to express the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase and to dissolve uric acid at different levels. Therefore, the acetonic extracts of Cistus creticus and Plantago ciliata had the most significant xanthine oxidase inhibiting effect with values of 13.480±0.596 and 13.020±0.627 µg of Allopurinol/mg of dry residue, respectively. Moreover, their aqueous extracts showed the highest dissolving properties of uric acid (solubilities > 450 mg uric acid/L). These extracts also showed no toxic effect against isolated human erythrocytes and may be able to help improve the efficacy of new therapies for gouty arthritis. Cistus creticus L Plantago ciliata aqueous extracts gout xanthine oxidase uric acid toxicity Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4335216","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":331878185,"identity":"78d259f0-7204-4325-9c03-60570a604fe2","order_by":0,"name":"Hicham BOUAKKAZ","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAElEQVRIie3RsUoDMRzH8V8J5JYT15SDPkOOg4pY9FUSCt5SiyBIwVoPhHRzPp/GK4HcZtcbr0snh7g4Ss9KUYTYGwXzXcIf8kkgAXy+PxgnoNuVAZ26BsTHVACkFSFctCL4IpTtCH4jRwFo/apOk+68XE/E9HYMdrHQIU7OXOT4HkH8qIb9KBTnlTDlFdhYNCR1XsM1aHSgyKAHYSpBjXyqRnyRQ9M95G7QO1ypS/FuZMY+SbiH6H7EhhRSTbeksNDMTTrzOH8uk26+Jkw+FDILXxrCU+4kS21qe30T58t0Ze3bTGbBKLFi4n6x5s+z75PeHeUGP5u13+rz+Xz/pg1WDVQiomyCMAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"University of Amar Telidji Laghouat: Universite Amar Telidji Laghouat","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hicham","middleName":"","lastName":"BOUAKKAZ","suffix":""},{"id":331878186,"identity":"fb3ec2aa-f426-4cee-828c-39f81ee263c4","order_by":1,"name":"amar Djridane","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universite Amar Telidji Laghouat","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"amar","middleName":"","lastName":"Djridane","suffix":""},{"id":331878187,"identity":"304345ad-646b-468b-9cf5-88113cadf589","order_by":2,"name":"regia Mahfoudi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"ENS Laghouat: Ecole Normale Superieure de Laghouat","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"regia","middleName":"","lastName":"Mahfoudi","suffix":""},{"id":331878188,"identity":"95560898-0421-446e-ab0e-37db42bddd88","order_by":3,"name":"Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dicle University: Dicle Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mustafa","middleName":"Abdullah","lastName":"Yilmaz","suffix":""},{"id":331878189,"identity":"f0f36845-2716-42e4-9dac-8ec084da977c","order_by":4,"name":"Cakir Oguz","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dicle University: Dicle Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cakir","middleName":"","lastName":"Oguz","suffix":""},{"id":331878190,"identity":"a1862476-dd6c-4ae6-a872-216c7b33adf3","order_by":5,"name":"Abbas TARHAN","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dicle University: Dicle Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abbas","middleName":"","lastName":"TARHAN","suffix":""},{"id":331878191,"identity":"b222ffd1-e350-4bf7-8b3c-56a83debd70e","order_by":6,"name":"Zakkaria lassakeur","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dicle University: Dicle Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zakkaria","middleName":"","lastName":"lassakeur","suffix":""},{"id":331878192,"identity":"4a36eb72-51f4-4c90-87ab-5e379ae73848","order_by":7,"name":"Mohamed Yousfi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universite Amar Telidji Laghouat","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"Yousfi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-27 18:54:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4335216/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4335216/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-024-00585-w","type":"published","date":"2024-08-29T00:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63641398,"identity":"be17db42-b6f7-40b5-ac6a-4f0439899939","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-30 13:03:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":395495,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SpringerNatureLaTeXTemplateHicham.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4335216/v1_covered_5604ca4d-73e7-4107-b61f-2339314d4bbc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and uric acid dissolution power of some local plant extracts: in vitro therapeutical approach in the treatment of gout","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cistus creticus L, Plantago ciliata, aqueous extracts, gout, xanthine oxidase, uric acid, toxicity","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4335216/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4335216/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Elevated serum levels of uric acid are associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia and gout. Recent attention has focused on the bioactive properties of plant extracts in preventing disease. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 16 different extracts from four local plants on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase and the dissolution of uric acid, as well as the quantification of certain phytoconstituents and their haemolytic effects on human red blood cells. Results from quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed significant (p\u0026lt;0.0001) intra- and inter-specific variability in total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, uric acid, sodium, potassium, and calcium depending on the studied species and the type of solvent used in extraction. A total of 19 phenolic compounds were characterized and quantified using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in both negative and positive ionization modes mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), including phenolic acids, flavonoids and other polyphenols. The in vitro anti-gout activity results indicated that all extracts had the ability to express the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase and to dissolve uric acid at different levels. Therefore, the acetonic extracts of Cistus creticus and Plantago ciliata had the most significant xanthine oxidase inhibiting effect with values of 13.480±0.596 and 13.020±0.627 µg of Allopurinol/mg of dry residue, respectively. Moreover, their aqueous extracts showed the highest dissolving properties of uric acid (solubilities \u0026gt; 450 mg uric acid/L). These extracts also showed no toxic effect against isolated human erythrocytes and may be able to help improve the efficacy of new therapies for gouty arthritis.","manuscriptTitle":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and uric acid dissolution power of some local plant extracts: in vitro therapeutical approach in the treatment of gout","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-22 05:00:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4335216/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3e7062c9-d040-4166-8381-92f0e4dc88bb","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 22nd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-30T13:03:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4335216","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-024-00585-w","journal":{"identity":"revista-brasileira-de-farmacognosia","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia"},"publishedOn":"2024-08-29 00:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 29th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-22 05:00:35","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s43450-024-00585-w","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-024-00585-w","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4335216","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4335216","identity":"rs-4335216","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}