Chemical-Protein and Protein-Protein Interaction Network of Vanillin from Clove: Functional and Pathway Analysis in Homo sapiens

Clove is an ancient spice with powerful medicinal characteristics that may treat a wide range of diseases while also controlling beneficial effects on the body. Its bioactive component, vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), has a beneficial effect on human health. This study aims to identify proteins that interact with vanillin in order to predict their possible impacts on the human body. We retrieved 99 protein sequences from the STITCH, STRING, UniProtKB, and NCBI databases and interacted with them, resulting in 49 sequences after the BLAST search. A functional annotation research revealed both positive and negative regulatory mechanisms important for the maintenance of biological processes, molecular activities, and cellular components in human health. Pathway analysis indicated that these compounds play significant roles in KEGG and Reactome-related pathways.Furthermore, the vanillin molecule possesses anticancer, antioxidant, antisickling, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities that suppress a variety of genetic diseases, neurological diseases, and cancers. Consequently, this research will aid in the identification of therapeutic-related protein interactions and signaling pathways, as well as the development of medications containing vanillin.