Study on the Evolution of Dynamic Liquefaction Characteristics in Lignin Fiber-Modified Sandy Soil

Study on the Evolution of Dynamic Liquefaction Characteristics in Lignin Fiber-Modified Sandy Soil | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Study on the Evolution of Dynamic Liquefaction Characteristics in Lignin Fiber-Modified Sandy Soil Yu Xia, Haihua Yang, Chaohong Chen, Chuanbao Wang, Liang Liu, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6546531/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To investigate the liquefaction resistance characteristics of lignin fiber-reinforced sandy soil, natural sand from the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang was selected as the research subject. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted to optimize the fiber content, and a comparative analysis was performed on the liquefaction resistance and dynamic strength indices of pure sand and optimally reinforced sand under varying confining pressures, consolidation ratios, and vibration frequencies. The results demonstrated that at a lignin fiber content of 2%, the pore water pressure growth rate of the specimen decreased, and the liquefaction failure time was prolonged. The "bridge effect" of fibers effectively inhibited particle sliding. When the confining pressure increased (≥ 200 kPa), the fiber reinforcement effect was significantly enhanced, with dynamic strength improving by up to 64%. At higher consolidation ratios ( K c =1.5 ~ 2.0), the dynamic internal friction angle increased maximally to 32.3°, attributed to stress anisotropy activating the force-transfer pathways within the fiber network. As the vibration frequency increased (0.5 ~ 2.0 Hz), the dynamic internal friction angle decreased by approximately 2.64°~6.18°, indicating that the viscoelastic hysteresis of fibers weakened the reinforcement effect under high-frequency loading. Based on experimental data, a multivariate nonlinear model for the dynamic internal friction angle was established, incorporating fiber content F c , consolidation ratio K c , vibration frequency f , and vibration cycles N . The model achieved an R 2 of 0.980 and an RMSE of 0.794°, with validation confirming its predictive accuracy within conventional parameter ranges, meeting engineering requirements. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the seismic design of lignin fiber-reinforced sandy soil foundations. Lignin fiber Cyclic triaxial test Liquefaction resistance Consolidation ratio Vibration frequency Multivariate nonlinear model Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6546531","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":453292822,"identity":"d2a25643-a173-4462-b8d3-8917455d00f7","order_by":0,"name":"Yu Xia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACeWb+7x8+/pGo52dvPkCcFsN2BjPGmQ02CZI9xxKItOY8gxkzZ0NagsENHwPidDA2M6Q9ZtxxOE9yBs/HG28Y7OR0GwhoYWdmOG5ceOZwMb9072bLOQzJxmYHCNrC2CA9g+0w48w5Z7dJ8zAcSNxGSAvDYWYGaR6glg03cp4Rq4WNTZq3LS0RqIWNOC2GzTzMhjPO2BgDA9nYco4BEX6R5z/D+OBDhYQcMCof3nhTYSdHUAsKkOAhMmqQtZCqYxSMglEwCkYEAACpXkPmk3qfTAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Xia","suffix":""},{"id":453292823,"identity":"dc325df4-dc19-491c-994b-9702aee40e07","order_by":1,"name":"Haihua Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haihua","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":453292824,"identity":"8f714bbc-153b-4937-8c19-e36309eb66ea","order_by":2,"name":"Chaohong Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bingtuan: Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chaohong","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":453292825,"identity":"a3ce93db-ad70-44b7-8580-fe4eaf63e9e8","order_by":3,"name":"Chuanbao Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bingtuan: Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chuanbao","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":453292826,"identity":"c42c27bd-e6d0-4046-a9b5-2b91fa864f5e","order_by":4,"name":"Liang Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liang","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":453292827,"identity":"8ae6dc7d-a434-4c79-a40a-234f33c840a0","order_by":5,"name":"Jinhua Ding","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xinjiang Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinhua","middleName":"","lastName":"Ding","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-28 09:54:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6546531/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6546531/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86559308,"identity":"fda7cb19-99c2-4737-8b15-2e6b0e6fab2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-12 08:49:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1146102,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6546531/v1_covered_636112b3-b2cd-4afc-baa9-c7a940c61215.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Study on the Evolution of Dynamic Liquefaction Characteristics in Lignin Fiber-Modified Sandy Soil","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Lignin fiber, Cyclic triaxial test, Liquefaction resistance, Consolidation ratio, Vibration frequency, Multivariate nonlinear model","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6546531/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6546531/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo investigate the liquefaction resistance characteristics of lignin fiber-reinforced sandy soil, natural sand from the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang was selected as the research subject. Cyclic triaxial tests were conducted to optimize the fiber content, and a comparative analysis was performed on the liquefaction resistance and dynamic strength indices of pure sand and optimally reinforced sand under varying confining pressures, consolidation ratios, and vibration frequencies. The results demonstrated that at a lignin fiber content of 2%, the pore water pressure growth rate of the specimen decreased, and the liquefaction failure time was prolonged. The \"bridge effect\" of fibers effectively inhibited particle sliding. When the confining pressure increased (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;200 kPa), the fiber reinforcement effect was significantly enhanced, with dynamic strength improving by up to 64%. At higher consolidation ratios (\u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003ec\u003c/sub\u003e=1.5\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;2.0), the dynamic internal friction angle increased maximally to 32.3\u0026deg;,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eattributed to stress anisotropy activating the force-transfer pathways within the fiber network. As the vibration frequency increased (0.5\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;2.0 Hz), the dynamic internal friction angle decreased by approximately 2.64\u0026deg;~6.18\u0026deg;, indicating that the viscoelastic hysteresis of fibers weakened the reinforcement effect under high-frequency loading. Based on experimental data, a multivariate nonlinear model for the dynamic internal friction angle was established, incorporating fiber content \u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003ec\u003c/sub\u003e, consolidation ratio \u003cem\u003eK\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003ec\u003c/sub\u003e, vibration frequency \u003cem\u003ef\u003c/em\u003e, and vibration cycles \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e. The model achieved an \u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e of 0.980 and an RMSE of 0.794\u0026deg;, with validation confirming its predictive accuracy within conventional parameter ranges, meeting engineering requirements. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the seismic design of lignin fiber-reinforced sandy soil foundations.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Study on the Evolution of Dynamic Liquefaction Characteristics in Lignin Fiber-Modified Sandy Soil","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-12 03:34:39","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6546531/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f393050f-7d69-4362-ab56-6b9ccf30cde4","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-12T08:41:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-12 03:34:39","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6546531","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6546531","identity":"rs-6546531","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}