Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization

Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024" }, "headline": "Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization", "datePublished": "2025-10-02T08:20:03", "dateModified": "2025-10-02T08:20:03", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Shradha Poojary" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Abhishek Krishna" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Namitha Rao" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Pooja HN" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Debasmita Mohanty" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Paul Simon" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Harleen Kaur" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Janaki Neeliyath Othayoth" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Aayush Ganesh Iyer" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " Background Immunization is one of the most important public health initiative in the country. Although government provides immunization free of cost, private sector is also largely involved in the immunisation. This study conducted a cost minimization analysis of various vaccines available in India for Immunization. Methods The study compared the prices of the most expensive and least expensive brands of vaccines in India. The details of the cost of vaccine was obtained from Current Index of Medical Sciences. The cost difference between the most and least expensive, cost ratio, and percentage of change in costs were calculated with standard formulas. Results A total of 20 vaccines available for immunization in India were analyzed. The most expensive brand of the Hepatitis B vaccine was 12 times more expensive. For the Influenza vaccine, the percentage cost variation (PCV) was 640%. Meningococcal vaccine, and Rabies vaccine demonstrated the least cost variation among various brands. Conclusion There exist considerable cost variations among the various brands of vaccines available for immunization in India " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024", "name": "Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for..." } } ] } Home Browse Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Poojary S, Krishna A, Rao N et al. Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1024 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170697.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] Shradha Poojary https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6952-4924 1 , Abhishek Krishna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-7024 2 , Namitha Rao 3 , [...] Pooja HN 4 , Debasmita Mohanty https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8298-5483 5 , Paul Simon 2 , Harleen Kaur https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8995-3426 5 , Janaki Neeliyath Othayoth 5 , Aayush Ganesh Iyer 5 Shradha Poojary https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6952-4924 1 , Abhishek Krishna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-7024 2 , [...] Namitha Rao 3 , Pooja HN 4 , Debasmita Mohanty https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8298-5483 5 , Paul Simon 2 , Harleen Kaur https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8995-3426 5 , Janaki Neeliyath Othayoth 5 , Aayush Ganesh Iyer 5 PUBLISHED 02 Oct 2025 Author details Author details 1 Department of Paediatrics, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India 3 Department of OBG, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India 4 Department of OBG, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India 5 Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India Shradha Poojary Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Abhishek Krishna Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Namitha Rao Roles: Formal Analysis, Supervision Pooja HN Roles: Conceptualization, Resources, Software Debasmita Mohanty Roles: Conceptualization, Validation, Visualization Paul Simon Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Harleen Kaur Roles: Data Curation, Validation, Visualization Janaki Neeliyath Othayoth Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Validation Aayush Ganesh Iyer Roles: Data Curation, Supervision, Validation OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Sociology of Health gateway. This article is included in the Manipal Academy of Higher Education gateway. This article is included in the Sociology of Vaccines collection. Abstract Background Immunization is one of the most important public health initiative in the country. Although government provides immunization free of cost, private sector is also largely involved in the immunisation. This study conducted a cost minimization analysis of various vaccines available in India for Immunization. Methods The study compared the prices of the most expensive and least expensive brands of vaccines in India. The details of the cost of vaccine was obtained from Current Index of Medical Sciences. The cost difference between the most and least expensive, cost ratio, and percentage of change in costs were calculated with standard formulas. Results A total of 20 vaccines available for immunization in India were analyzed. The most expensive brand of the Hepatitis B vaccine was 12 times more expensive. For the Influenza vaccine, the percentage cost variation (PCV) was 640%. Meningococcal vaccine, and Rabies vaccine demonstrated the least cost variation among various brands. Conclusion There exist considerable cost variations among the various brands of vaccines available for immunization in India READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Vaccine, Immunization, costs, cost analysis Corresponding Author(s) Abhishek Krishna ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Abhishek Krishna Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Poojary S et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Poojary S, Krishna A, Rao N et al. Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1024 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170697.1 ) First published: 02 Oct 2025, 14 :1024 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170697.1 ) Latest published: 02 Oct 2025, 14 :1024 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170697.1 ) Introduction Approximately 86% of children globally were immunized with essential vaccines in 2018, safeguarding them against prevalent public health ailments like polio, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles. 1 Immunization presently averts around 2 to 3 million fatalities annually on a global scale. Despite the substantial impact of COVID-19 on the public health system, immunization rates have nearly returned to pre-COVID levels. 1 The number of children who did not receive any vaccines, referred to as zero-dose children, decreased from 18.1 million in 2021 to 14.3 million in 2022. 2 This brings the number close to the levels observed before the pandemic in 2019, which stood at 12.9 million. 2 However, challenges persist, as indicated by the fact that the proportion of children receiving the first dose of the measles vaccine only increased from 81% in 2021 to 83% in 2022, still below the 2019 level of 86%. 2 , 3 Despite considerable progress, over 1.5 million individuals worldwide succumb to vaccine-preventable diseases annually. 3 In India, the Expanded Programme on Immunization was established in 1978 and subsequently renamed the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985 to broaden its reach beyond metropolitan regions. 4 The Universal Immunization Program is a flagship and one of the major public health project of the government, with an annual focus on more than 26.7 million newborns and 29 million pregnant women. 5 Mission Indradhanush was a project initiated in December 2014 with the aim of attaining more than 90% immunization coverage rate for children In India. 6 Even though government initiatives provide free vaccines, the private sector remains a crucial access point for a significant portion of the population, particularly in urban areas, for both routine immunization programs (UIP) and newer vaccines. It was noted that out of the total immunizations, public sector immunization for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) accounted for 19.23%, HiB pentavalent for 11.09%, hepatitis B for 5.75%, oral poliovirus vaccine for 5.48%, Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) for 2.66%, and measles for 2.17%. 7 Additionally, newer vaccines such as hepatitis A (4.2%), rotavirus (3.4%), typhoid (3.3%), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (2.5%) are also administered significantly through the private sector. 7 Ensuring access to vaccines is of utmost importance for maintaining public health, particularly in countries such as India where the rates of death among children under the age of five are a serious issue. Although the government offers free vaccines through the public sector, the situation changes in the private sector, where vaccines, especially newer ones, are provided with payment. 8 With this rationale, this study was conducted to compare the costs of different vaccine brands available in India. By evaluating the financial implications of various vaccine options, this research serves as a roadmap for policymakers, healthcare providers, and stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding vaccine procurement, resource allocation, and public health strategies. Materials and methods Study design and materials This study conducted a comprehensive pharmacoeconomic analysis to evaluate the cost dynamics of various vaccines available in India. The primary objective was to conduct a Cost Minimization Analysis (CMA), systematically comparing prices across the most expensive branded vaccines, and the least expensive branded vaccines within the vaccine categories. 9 Inclusion & Exclusion criteria The study included vaccines categorized under the classification of preventive immunizations. These encompassed vaccines targeting various diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, measles, rubella, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), pneumococcal infections, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies and diarrheal diseases due to rotavirus. Data collection Initially, the study identified the categories of vaccines to be included based on their preventive immunization classification. The list was obtained from Centre for Disease Control and Universal Immunisation Program documents. 10 , 11 The Current Index of Medical Stores (CIMS) served as the primary source for obtaining information on the prices of vaccines 12 Relevant data on the prices of the most and least expensive branded vaccines within each vaccine category were extracted from the CIMS database. 12 This involved identifying the specific vaccines listed under each category and recording their corresponding prices. The vaccines with single manufacturers and multiple manufacturers were grouped separately. Statistics The calculation of the Cost Difference (CD) involved subtracting the price of the cheaper vaccine from the price of the most expensive brand. The formula used to Calculate Cost Difference was: [CD = Maximum Cost - Minimum Cost]. 9 The Cost Ratio (CR) was calculated by dividing the Maximum Cost by the Minimum Cost. The formula used to calculate the cost ratio was: [CR = Maximum Cost / Minimum Cost]. The Percentage of Cost Variation (PCV) represented the percentage-based representation of the cost variation between the most and least expensive branded vaccines, calculated using the formula: [(Maximum Cost – Minimum Cost/Minimum Cost) x 100]. Results A total of 21 vaccines available for immunization in India were analyzed. This including Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), Hepatitis B vaccine, Pentavalent vaccine (a combination vaccine protecting against Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Haemophilus Influenzae type B, and Hepatitis B), Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus vaccine (DPT), Haemophilus Influenzae type B vaccine (Hib), Pneumococcal vaccine, Rotavirus vaccine, Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV), Influenza vaccine, Typhoid conjugate vaccine, Hepatitis A vaccine, Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine, Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td), Meningococcal vaccine, Rabies vaccine, Yellow fever vaccine, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine (BCG), Measles-Rubella vaccine (MR), Japanese Encephalitis vaccine (JE), and Cholera vaccine ( Table 1 ). Among these, five vaccines—Yellow fever, BCG, MR, JE, and Cholera—had a single brand manufacturer, and thus, only their costs were reported ( Table 2 ). The individual costs of the costliest and the cheapest brands are given in Tables 1 & 2 . Table 1. List of vaccines having single manufacturer and their costs. Vaccines with Single brands Cost (INR) 1. Yellow Fever Vaccine 2450 2. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Vaccine (BCG) 104 3. Measles-Rubella Vaccine (MR) 90.47 4. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine (JE) 840.94 5. Cholera Vaccine 470 Table 2. Cost variation of different vaccines. Name of the vaccine Costliest brand cost (INR) Cheapest brand cost (INR) Number of doses required overall Total cost of vaccination with the costliest brand (INR) Total cost of vaccination with the cheapest brand (INR) Cost difference (INR) Cost ratio Percentage cost variation (PCV) (%) 1. OPV 727.9 268 5 3639.5 1340 2299.50 2.72 171.60 2. HBV 912 71 4 3648 284 3364.00 12.85 1184.51 3. Pentavalent Vaccine 1450 382 3 4350 1146 3204.00 3.80 279.58 4. DPT - Conventional 882 56 5 4410 280 4130.00 15.75 1475.00 5. DPT- Acellular Pertussis 1699 1400 5 8495 7000 1495.00 1.21 21.36 6. HIB 2845 318.75 3 8535 956.25 7578.75 8.93 792.55 7. PCV 3991.05 1323 3 11973.15 3969 8004.15 3.02 201.67 8. Rotavirus Vaccine 1770 619 3 5310 1857 3453.00 2.86 185.95 9. IPV 489.84 437 3 1469.52 1311 158.52 1.12 12.09 10. Influenza Vaccine 2222 300 6 13332 1800 11532.00 7.41 640.67 11. TC Vaccine 2384 589 1 2384 589 1795.00 4.05 304.75 12. HAV 2299 1003 2 4598 2006 2592.00 2.29 129.21 13. VV 2389 1690 2 4778 3380 1398.00 1.41 41.36 14. TD 174.12 25 2 348.24 50 298.24 6.96 596.48 15. MCV 5440 4299 2 10880 8598 2282.00 1.27 26.54 16. RV 398 301 5 1990 1505 485.00 1.32 32.23 The cost of the vaccines varied significantly, ranging from Rs 21 to Rs 5440 across all categories. Notably, the highest cost variation was observed between the most expensive and the least expensive brands of the Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (DPT) vaccine, Hepatitis B vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, Influenza vaccine, and Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine. Conversely, the Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV), Meningococcal vaccine, and Rabies vaccine demonstrated the least cost variation among various brands ( Table 2 ). The details of cost variations of all the vaccines are given in Table 2 . Discussion This probably is a first-of-its-kind study wherein the costs of various vaccines available in India for immunization were analysed. The findings of this study highlight the various intricacies of costs of vaccines and the factors towards the same thereby helping us understand its implications on immunization strategies. The study revealed the range and variation of vaccine prices across different brand and formulations available in India underscoring the importance of understanding, evaluating and addressing the cost dynamics of vaccination. Major cost variations were noted in the Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (DPT) vaccine, Hepatitis B vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, Influenza vaccine, and Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine. The observed results of cost variation of vaccine can be attributed to a plethora of factors, each contributing to the pricing dynamics. It can be primarily attributed to the multiple number of manufacturers and companies producing these vaccines, leading to competitive pricing strategies in these segments. High competition often results in a broader range of prices as companies strive to capture market share through varying pricing models. Conversely, vaccines like Yellow fever, BCG, Measles-Rubella (MR), Japanese Encephalitis (JE), and Cholera had only one brand manufacturer, resulting in uniform pricing due to the absence of competitive forces. Also, some of the vaccines that were are newly launched in India had a higher price as only one manufacturer or company was producing it. The main components that decide the cost of vaccines include the raw materials used, their availability and procurement, the transport, the manufacturing process and the quality control of the entire process. 13 For instance, complex vaccines that require advanced technology and stringent quality assurance, such as the Pentavalent and Pneumococcal vaccines, tend to be more expensive. 13 Differences in the cost of production and manufacturing technology and the scale of operations can lead to significant price discrepancies among brands. Vaccines with substantial differences in cost, such as the Hepatitis B vaccine, reflect varying levels of investment in research and development. Brands that invest heavily in R&D to improve efficacy, reduce side effects, or extend the shelf life of their vaccines may pass these costs on to consumers. 13 , 14 Additionally, newer vaccines or those that have undergone recent enhancements tend to be more expensive due to the recovery of R&D expenses. The supply chain logistics, including storage, transportation, and distribution channels, can also influence vaccine costs. 15 Vaccines requiring cold chain logistics may have higher distribution costs, contributing to the overall price variation. 16 Using of existing resources and creating an efficient supply chain management can significantly reduce costs, which can be passed on to lower the price of the vaccines. 16 , 17 Economic conditions and government policies play a crucial role in vaccine pricing. Subsidies, import duties, and taxation policies can affect the final cost of vaccines. Additionally, fluctuations in currency exchange rates can impact the cost of imported vaccines, contributing to price variations. The perceived value of a brand and its market positioning can influence pricing strategies. Established brands with a reputation for high quality and reliability may command higher prices compared to lesser-known brands. 17 Consumer trust and brand loyalty often allow premium pricing, which is evident in the significant cost disparities observed. The minimal cost variations observed in the Meningococcal, Rabies, and IPV vaccines suggest a more stable market with less aggressive pricing competition. These vaccines might be produced by a few manufacturers with similar production costs and market strategies, leading to relatively consistent pricing across brands. The observed differences in vaccine pricing across brands and formulations highlight the multifaceted nature of vaccine procurement and distribution in India. This variability poses challenges for policymakers, healthcare providers, and individuals alike, as it necessitates careful consideration of cost-effectiveness and affordability in vaccine selection and distribution strategies. Moreover, these findings emphasize the importance of addressing disparities in vaccine pricing to ensure equitable access to immunization services. Access to affordable vaccines is essential for reaching vulnerable populations, including those in underserved communities and rural areas. Failure to address these disparities may perpetuate healthcare inequities, resulting in uneven vaccine coverage and leaving certain segments of the population at higher risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. The importance of considering costs within the realm of vaccination extends beyond mere financial implications, encompassing multifaceted social, economic, and accessibility considerations. Socially, the equitable distribution of vaccines hinges on their affordability, ensuring that no segment of the population is excluded from protection against preventable diseases due to financial constraints. 18 , 19 Economically, vaccines represent a judicious investment in public health, with the potential to avert significant healthcare expenditures associated with treating vaccine-preventable illnesses. Moreover, accessible pricing facilitates broader vaccine uptake, bolstering community immunity and reducing the overall disease burden. 20 Socially, the affordability of vaccines plays a crucial role in ensuring equitable access to preventive healthcare. 21 In many societies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, socioeconomic disparities can significantly impact individuals’ ability to afford vaccines. 22 Without adequate financial resources, marginalized communities may face barriers to accessing essential immunization services, leading to disparities in vaccine coverage and ultimately widening health inequalities. Therefore, considering the social dimension of vaccine costs is essential in addressing these disparities and promoting health equity. Accessibility refers to the ease with which individuals can obtain vaccines when needed. Cost is a key determinant of vaccine accessibility, as high prices can act as a barrier, particularly for vulnerable populations. In regions with limited healthcare infrastructure or remote communities, accessing vaccines may already be challenging due to logistical constraints. When vaccines are unaffordable, accessibility becomes further compromised, exacerbating disparities in healthcare access. Conclusion In conclusion, the significant cost variations among different brands of vaccines in India highlight the complex interplay of market competition, production costs, R&D investments, regulatory requirements, supply chain logistics, economic factors, and brand perception. Understanding these factors can help policymakers and healthcare providers make informed decisions to ensure the availability and affordability of vaccines. Consent Not applicable. No human participants, patient records, or identifiable personal data were used in this study. Ethics statement This study is a pharmaco-economic analysis conducted entirely using publicly available secondary data and published sources. No human participants, patient records, or identifiable personal information were involved. As such, institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent were not required. Data availability statement FIGSHARE: Krishna, Abhishek (2025). Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30122494.v1 This project contains the following underlying data: • Datasets.xlsx Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero “No rights reserved” data waiver (CC0 4.0 Public domain dedication). Acknowledgements Not applicable. References 1. Kaur G, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Mwinnyaa G, et al. : Routine Vaccination Coverage — Worldwide, 2022. MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep. 2024; 72 (43): 1155–1161. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 2. Vaccination and Immunization Statistics - UNICEF DATA: Accessed June 12, 2024. Reference Source 3. Frick C, Rumgay H, Vignat J, et al. : Quantitative estimates of preventable and treatable deaths from 36 cancers worldwide: a population-based study. Lancet Glob. Health. 2023; 11 (11): e1700–e1712. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 4. Vashishtha VM, Kumar P: 50 years of immunization in India: Progress and future. Indian Pediatr. 2013; 50 (1): 111–118. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 5. Health SGIJCMP, 2020 undefined: Vaccination programme in India-the present status: a review.2020; 7 (9): 3746–3753. Publisher Full Text Reference Source 6. Bloom D, Cadarette D, Ferranna M: ANIT of. Value of vaccination in India: Past, present, and future prospects. Accessed June 12, 2024. Reference Source Reference Source 7. Farooqui HH, Zodpey S: Private sector vaccine share in overall immunization coverage in India: Evidence from private sector vaccine utilization data (2012-2015). Indian J. Public Health. 2020; 64 (1): 75–78. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 8. Sharma A, Kaplan WA, Chokshi M, et al. : Role of the private sector in vaccination service delivery in India: evidence from private-sector vaccine sales data, 2009–12. Health Policy Plan. 2016; 31 (7): 884–896. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 9. Krishna A, Palatty PL, George T, et al. : Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Treating Lung Cancer with Different Regimens Using the Cheapest and Costliest Brand and the Generic Jan Aushadhi Drugs Marketed in India. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. 2024; 45 : 176–182. Publisher Full Text 10. Birth-18 Years Immunization Schedule – Healthcare Providers CDC; Accessed April 25, 2024. Reference Source 11. Universal Immunization Programme (UIP): Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. GOI; Accessed April 25, 2024. Reference Source 12. Search Drug Information, Interactions, Images, Dosage & Side Effects. CIMS India; Accessed April 25, 2025. Reference Source 13. Plotkin S, Robinson JM, Cunningham G, et al. : The complexity and cost of vaccine manufacturing – An overview. Vaccine. 2017; 35 (33): 4064–4071. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 14. Munira SL, Hendriks JT, Atmosukarto II, et al. : A cost analysis of producing vaccines in developing countries. Vaccine. 2019; 37 (9): 1245–1251. Publisher Full Text 15. Hu H, Xu J, Liu M, et al. : Vaccine supply chain management: An intelligent system utilizing blockchain, IoT and machine learning. J. Bus. Res. 2023; 156 : 113480. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 16. Prosser W, Spisak C, Hatch B, et al. : Designing supply chains to meet the growing need of vaccines: evidence from four countries. J. Pharm. Policy Pract. 2021; 14 (1): 1–10. Publisher Full Text 17. Wineinger NE, Zhang Y, Topol EJ: Trends in Prices of Popular Brand-Name Prescription Drugs in the United States. JAMA Netw. Open. 2019; 2 (5): e194791. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 18. Francis MR, Nohynek H, Larson H, et al. : Factors associated with routine childhood vaccine uptake and reasons for non-vaccination in India: 1998–2008. Vaccine. 2018; 36 (44): 6559–6566. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 19. Williams SV, Akande T, Abbas K: Systematic review of social determinants of childhood immunisation in low- and middle-income countries and equity impact analysis of childhood vaccination coverage in Nigeria. PLoS One. 2024; 19 (3): e0297326. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 20. Lauridsen J, Pradhan J: Socio-economic inequality of immunization coverage in India. Heal. Econ. Rev. 2011; 1 (1): 11. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 21. Pandey S, Ranjan A, Singh CM, et al. : Socio-demographic determinants of childhood immunization coverage in rural population of Bhojpur district of Bihar, India. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 2019; 8 (7): 2484–2489. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 22. Agrawal SC, Kumari A: Immunization status of children and the influence of social factors: A hospital based study in western Uttar Pradesh. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 2014; 6 (1): 25–30. Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 02 Oct 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Department of Paediatrics, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India 3 Department of OBG, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India 4 Department of OBG, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India 5 Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India Shradha Poojary Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Abhishek Krishna Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Namitha Rao Roles: Formal Analysis, Supervision Pooja HN Roles: Conceptualization, Resources, Software Debasmita Mohanty Roles: Conceptualization, Validation, Visualization Paul Simon Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Harleen Kaur Roles: Data Curation, Validation, Visualization Janaki Neeliyath Othayoth Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Validation Aayush Ganesh Iyer Roles: Data Curation, Supervision, Validation Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 02 Oct 2025, 14:1024 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170697.1 Copyright © 2025 Poojary S et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Poojary S, Krishna A, Rao N et al. Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1024 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170697.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 02 Oct 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Osei CK. Reviewer Report For: Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1024 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188188.r423969 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024/v1#referee-response-423969 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 05 Nov 2025 Christian Kwaku Osei , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188188.r423969 Reviewer Comments Manuscript: Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization This manuscript attempts to provide a pharmacoeconomic comparison of vaccine prices. However, the current scope and methodology, as presented, severely limit its classification ... Continue reading READ ALL Reviewer Comments Manuscript: Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization This manuscript attempts to provide a pharmacoeconomic comparison of vaccine prices. However, the current scope and methodology, as presented, severely limit its classification as a robust Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) or even a formal Budget Impact Analysis (BIA). The paper focuses almost exclusively on input costs (prices) without linking them to health outcomes (effectiveness), which is the foundational requirement for pharmacoeconomic analysis. I. Conceptual and Methodological Issues 1. Misclassification as "Pharmacoeconomic Comparison" The paper's title and abstract frame the study as a "Pharmacoeconomic comparison" (a subset of economic evaluation), yet the methodology appears to be only a Cost Analysis or Price Comparison. A true pharmacoeconomic study (like a CEA) must compare the cost of different interventions relative to their health outcomes (e.g., cost per DALY averted or QALY gained). This manuscript only compares the price paid for the vaccine (input cost) but provides no data on effectiveness, safety, or health impact. The conclusion that one vaccine is "more favorable" based solely on a lower price is meaningless from an economic evaluation perspective, as a cheaper vaccine with low effectiveness may be a worse value than a more expensive, highly effective vaccine. Either broaden the scope to include effectiveness data (requiring a comprehensive model) or reclassify the study honestly as a Descriptive Price Comparison or a Budget Impact Analysis (BIA), and adjust the language accordingly. 2. Lack of a Defined Perspective and Scope Economic evaluations require a clearly defined perspective (e.g., societal, healthcare system, patient). The current analysis seems to focus only on the vaccine price, excluding crucial non-vaccine costs. A comprehensive cost analysis for immunization should include: Programmatic Costs: Administration, cold-chain maintenance, training, outreach campaigns, waste management. Patient Costs: Time and travel costs for caregivers to reach the clinic. If the goal is a comprehensive cost comparison, all relevant programmatic costs must be identified and estimated to calculate the true cost per dose administered. 3. Data Source and Generalizability The source of the "vaccine prices" is critical. If the prices are simply list prices, they are not representative of procurement costs. The manuscript must clearly state the source of the prices. Did they come from: List prices (least accurate)? UNICEF Supply Division (most relevant for developing countries)? Government tender data (highly variable)? Without detailing the procurement mechanism (e.g., GAVI support, direct purchase, pooled procurement), the prices may have limited relevance for policy decisions in other contexts. Clearly state the price source and acknowledge that prices are highly sensitive to volume and procurement channels. II. Presentation and Impact Limitations 4. Ambiguous "Cost" Metrics If the study is re-framed as a BIA, the metrics need to be clear. The study should move beyond comparing the price of a single dose and instead compare the cost of a fully immunized child (CIC) for each vaccine, which accounts for the number of required doses (e.g., 3 doses of DPT vs. 2 doses of Rotavirus). Present the total cost of the complete recommended immunization schedule for an individual child under the two scenarios being compared. 5. Limited Policy Implications The current conclusion is a simple ranking by price, which offers minimal actionable policy guidance. It is better to translate cost data into strategic policy decisions. The discussion should include a Budget Impact Scenario. For instance: "If a state health department were to switch from Vaccine A to Vaccine B, what is the total projected annual saving for the state budget, assuming a birth cohort of 1 million?" This provides an explicit, quantitative policy takeaway. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Applied health economics; Development economics; Impact Evaluation; Social Protection I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Osei CK. Reviewer Report For: Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1024 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188188.r423969 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024/v1#referee-response-423969 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 02 Oct 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 Version 1 02 Oct 25 read Christian Kwaku Osei , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Osei C. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 05 Nov 2025 | for Version 1 Christian Kwaku Osei , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA 0 Views copyright © 2025 Osei C. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Comments Manuscript: Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization This manuscript attempts to provide a pharmacoeconomic comparison of vaccine prices. However, the current scope and methodology, as presented, severely limit its classification as a robust Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) or even a formal Budget Impact Analysis (BIA). The paper focuses almost exclusively on input costs (prices) without linking them to health outcomes (effectiveness), which is the foundational requirement for pharmacoeconomic analysis. I. Conceptual and Methodological Issues 1. Misclassification as "Pharmacoeconomic Comparison" The paper's title and abstract frame the study as a "Pharmacoeconomic comparison" (a subset of economic evaluation), yet the methodology appears to be only a Cost Analysis or Price Comparison. A true pharmacoeconomic study (like a CEA) must compare the cost of different interventions relative to their health outcomes (e.g., cost per DALY averted or QALY gained). This manuscript only compares the price paid for the vaccine (input cost) but provides no data on effectiveness, safety, or health impact. The conclusion that one vaccine is "more favorable" based solely on a lower price is meaningless from an economic evaluation perspective, as a cheaper vaccine with low effectiveness may be a worse value than a more expensive, highly effective vaccine. Either broaden the scope to include effectiveness data (requiring a comprehensive model) or reclassify the study honestly as a Descriptive Price Comparison or a Budget Impact Analysis (BIA), and adjust the language accordingly. 2. Lack of a Defined Perspective and Scope Economic evaluations require a clearly defined perspective (e.g., societal, healthcare system, patient). The current analysis seems to focus only on the vaccine price, excluding crucial non-vaccine costs. A comprehensive cost analysis for immunization should include: Programmatic Costs: Administration, cold-chain maintenance, training, outreach campaigns, waste management. Patient Costs: Time and travel costs for caregivers to reach the clinic. If the goal is a comprehensive cost comparison, all relevant programmatic costs must be identified and estimated to calculate the true cost per dose administered. 3. Data Source and Generalizability The source of the "vaccine prices" is critical. If the prices are simply list prices, they are not representative of procurement costs. The manuscript must clearly state the source of the prices. Did they come from: List prices (least accurate)? UNICEF Supply Division (most relevant for developing countries)? Government tender data (highly variable)? Without detailing the procurement mechanism (e.g., GAVI support, direct purchase, pooled procurement), the prices may have limited relevance for policy decisions in other contexts. Clearly state the price source and acknowledge that prices are highly sensitive to volume and procurement channels. II. Presentation and Impact Limitations 4. Ambiguous "Cost" Metrics If the study is re-framed as a BIA, the metrics need to be clear. The study should move beyond comparing the price of a single dose and instead compare the cost of a fully immunized child (CIC) for each vaccine, which accounts for the number of required doses (e.g., 3 doses of DPT vs. 2 doses of Rotavirus). Present the total cost of the complete recommended immunization schedule for an individual child under the two scenarios being compared. 5. Limited Policy Implications The current conclusion is a simple ranking by price, which offers minimal actionable policy guidance. It is better to translate cost data into strategic policy decisions. The discussion should include a Budget Impact Scenario. For instance: "If a state health department were to switch from Vaccine A to Vaccine B, what is the total projected annual saving for the state budget, assuming a birth cohort of 1 million?" This provides an explicit, quantitative policy takeaway. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Applied health economics; Development economics; Impact Evaluation; Social Protection I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Osei CK. Peer Review Report For: Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices for Immunization [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :1024 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188188.r423969) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024/v1#referee-response-423969 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024/v1&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('Poojary S et al.'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024/v1/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024", templates : { twitter : "Costs in Focus: A Pharmacoeconomic Comparison of Vaccine Prices.... Poojary S et al., published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/14-1024/v1" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/170697/188188") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "188188"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "430742": 0, "430743": 0, "430741": 0, "420638": 0, "423966": 0, "445982": 0, "428702": 0, "430750": 0, "448926": 0, "420639": 0, "423967": 0, "445983": 0, "428703": 0, "448927": 0, "423964": 0, "445980": 0, "430748": 0, "448924": 0, "420637": 0, "423965": 0, "445981": 0, "430749": 0, "448925": 0, "445978": 0, "430746": 0, "423963": 0, "445979": 0, "430747": 0, "448923": 0, "430744": 0, "445977": 0, "430745": 0, "420646": 0, "428710": 0, "426023": 0, "428711": 0, "420644": 0, "423972": 0, "428708": 0, "448932": 0, "420645": 0, "428709": 0, "420642": 0, "423970": 0, "445986": 0, "428706": 0, "448930": 0, "420643": 0, "423971": 0, "428707": 0, "448931": 0, "420640": 0, "423968": 0, "445984": 0, "428704": 0, "448928": 0, "420641": 0, "445985": 0, "423969": 3, "428705": 0, "448929": 0, "426030": 0, "426031": 0, "426028": 0, "426029": 0, "426026": 0, "426027": 0, "426024": 0, "426025": 0, "452790": 0, "452789": 0, "452787": 0, "426032": 0, "436206": 0, "436207": 0, "436204": 0, "436205": 0, "436203": 0, "436212": 0, "436210": 0, "436211": 0, "436208": 0, "436209": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "5addd7d2-8911-4026-8ff7-7e72b523721a"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });