DC-link voltage regulation in all-DC offshore wind farms

DC-link voltage regulation in all-DC offshore wind farms | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article DC-link voltage regulation in all-DC offshore wind farms Amir Hossein Mahdizadeh Shalmaei, Mehdi Tavan, Mohsen Soltani, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7392091/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Electrical Engineering → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Offshore wind farms located far from the shore currently use AC-based collection systems with bulky line frequency transformers. Due to limited space, this approach is challenging and expensive. As an alternative, Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) collector systems have been proposed as a cost-effective solution for integrating offshore wind farms. One crucial area of research for these systems is DC-link voltage regulation to ensure safe, reliable, and stable operation of the entire system. In this study, an adaptive voltage regulator is designed to stabilize low low-voltage DC-link around the nominal voltage against disturbances. Additionally, current observers are suggested to eliminate the need for current sensors, increasing reliability and reducing implementation costs. To validate the control method and test the observer’s performance, simulations and Hardware-in-the-Loop tests (HIL) were conducted on a 10-MW wind turbine. DC wind turbines MVDC converter current observer adaptive linear controller DC-link voltage regulation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Electrical Engineering → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 06 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 29 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 27 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 27 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7392091","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":509797914,"identity":"f98275e1-020a-4abb-80d1-7fa4ba3bf5b3","order_by":0,"name":"Amir Hossein Mahdizadeh Shalmaei","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA00lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCSD+gCJyhggtjDNI1sLMQ5IW/tndyZ9tKu7ImfevMWD4UXOYge/MAQKW3Dm7TTrnzDNjmRtvDBh7jh1mkDzbQMCaG7nbmHPbDifOkDhjwMDDdpjB4DwBHfI3cjd/tvx3uB6khfHPPyK0GNzI3SDN2HA4QYK/x4CZtw2ohZDDDIEOkwR6wXCGBFvBYdm+dB5JQt6XAzrsAzCg5CX4D298+OabtRzfmQQCLoMDiQwDkPE8hNQhAf7jD0hQPQpGwSgYBSMJAAD+Zko0vhd3zgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amir","middleName":"Hossein Mahdizadeh","lastName":"Shalmaei","suffix":""},{"id":509797915,"identity":"2098c0e6-e74e-407e-b314-8b541e815d19","order_by":1,"name":"Mehdi Tavan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mehdi","middleName":"","lastName":"Tavan","suffix":""},{"id":509797916,"identity":"ed637fe9-3505-45f7-a797-67373902f63d","order_by":2,"name":"Mohsen Soltani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohsen","middleName":"","lastName":"Soltani","suffix":""},{"id":509797917,"identity":"c0153901-870c-4fe7-8415-db2b0e423670","order_by":3,"name":"Frede Blaabjerg","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Frede","middleName":"","lastName":"Blaabjerg","suffix":""},{"id":509797918,"identity":"b2a38686-d56e-4fc3-908b-ea54e1f194ed","order_by":4,"name":"Amin Hajizadeh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amin","middleName":"","lastName":"Hajizadeh","suffix":""},{"id":509797919,"identity":"d15f0c94-309d-4016-9e21-4bf6c4ad55c0","order_by":5,"name":"Pietro Tricoli","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pietro","middleName":"","lastName":"Tricoli","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-17 11:38:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7392091/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7392091/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-026-03524-1","type":"published","date":"2026-04-09T15:57:25+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106810601,"identity":"cd927789-2dfc-42ba-8ecd-53adfd6d67cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-13 16:16:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1048904,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Revisedmanuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7392091/v1_covered_13870976-7dcd-4b39-9385-9a57608c7f93.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"DC-link voltage regulation in all-DC offshore wind farms","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"electrical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"elen","sideBox":"Learn more about [Electrical Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/202)","snPcode":"202","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/202/3","title":"Electrical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"DC wind turbines, MVDC converter, current observer, adaptive linear controller, DC-link voltage regulation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7392091/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7392091/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Offshore wind farms located far from the shore currently use AC-based collection systems with bulky line frequency transformers. 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