A rare case of fetal neural tube defect; Iniencephaly clausus

Abstract Iniencephaly is a rare type of neural tube defect characterized by the merging of the cervical and cervicothoracic vertebrae. This condition results in acute retroflexion of the head, a short neck, significant lordosis of the cervical spine, and ultimately an upturned face. Fetuses with iniencephaly often do not survive, with many being stillborn or dying shortly after birth. Here we are reporting a case of iniencephaly which was suspected on intrapartum ultrasound upon admission of a woman referred from a health center for diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membrane and labor. The fetus died intrapartum a few minutes before delivery.