Association of Cosmic Ray Intensity decreases with Solar and Interplanetary Features during Solar Cycles 23 & 24

Association of Cosmic Ray Intensity decreases with Solar and Interplanetary Features during Solar Cycles 23 & 24 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Association of Cosmic Ray Intensity decreases with Solar and Interplanetary Features during Solar Cycles 23 & 24 DEEPAK KUMAR, SANJAY GOYAL, PANKAJ K SHRIVASTAVA This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798886/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The aim of this research work is to investigate the association of Forbush decreases with solar and interplanetary features i.e. sunspot number, solar radio flux, solar wind speed, solar plasma temperature, solar plasma density, interplanetary magnetic field for solar cycles 23 and 24. We have also taken Ap, Kp, Dst, as a geomagnetic index. A Chree analysis by the superposed epoch method has been done for the study. The current analysis depicts that various solar and interplanetary factor such as V SP , D ST and Kp are CR-effective. The CRI is found to be good correlated with these parameters for both solar cycles. During solar cycle 24, the solar and interplanetary parameters sunspot number (Rz), SRF, and Ap had good values of correlation coefficient with CRI; nevertheless, the correlation coefficient for Rz and Ap was moderate, and the correlation coefficient for SRF was weak. In both solar cycles, the T SP and CRI have a moderate correlation, while D SP and CRI have a poor correlation in solar cycle 24 and a good correlation in soar cycle 23. Additionally, we found that, compared to solar cycle 24, solar cycle 23 had a stronger relationship with CRI. We also looked into the possibility that, during solar cycle 24, there is a difference in the way Rz and SRF behave with CRI. We have proven statistically that a variety of solar and interplanetary factors are important factors to produce cosmic ray decreases. Forbush decrease solar interplanetary features solar cycle Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 02 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 04 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7798886","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":527363053,"identity":"b9b27203-de50-4a0d-9bec-d42870d1df58","order_by":0,"name":"DEEPAK KUMAR","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Govt. 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24","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"astrophysics-and-space-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"astr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Astrophysics and Space Science](https://www.springer.com/journal/10509)","snPcode":"10509","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10509/3","title":"Astrophysics and Space Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Forbush decrease, solar interplanetary features, solar cycle","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798886/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798886/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe aim of this research work is to investigate the association of Forbush decreases with solar and interplanetary features i.e. sunspot number, solar radio flux, solar wind speed, solar plasma temperature, solar plasma density, interplanetary magnetic field for solar cycles 23 and 24. We have also taken Ap, Kp, Dst, as a geomagnetic index. A Chree analysis by the superposed epoch method has been done for the study. The current analysis depicts that various solar and interplanetary factor such as V\u003csub\u003eSP\u003c/sub\u003e, D\u003csub\u003eST\u003c/sub\u003e and Kp are CR-effective. The CRI is found to be good correlated with these parameters for both solar cycles. During solar cycle 24, the solar and interplanetary parameters sunspot number (Rz), SRF, and Ap had good values of correlation coefficient with CRI; nevertheless, the correlation coefficient for Rz and Ap was moderate, and the correlation coefficient for SRF was weak. In both solar cycles, the T\u003csub\u003eSP\u003c/sub\u003e and CRI have a moderate correlation, while D\u003csub\u003eSP\u003c/sub\u003e and CRI have a poor correlation in solar cycle 24 and a good correlation in soar cycle 23. Additionally, we found that, compared to solar cycle 24, solar cycle 23 had a stronger relationship with CRI. We also looked into the possibility that, during solar cycle 24, there is a difference in the way Rz and SRF behave with CRI. We have proven statistically that a variety of solar and interplanetary factors are important factors to produce cosmic ray decreases.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Association of Cosmic Ray Intensity decreases with Solar and Interplanetary Features during Solar Cycles 23 \u0026amp; 24","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-16 07:48:25","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7798886/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-03T07:29:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-03T06:27:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-03T04:19:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"27446124146223129791847996381972078243","date":"2025-11-07T04:24:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"245613831938829436711512742431860450275","date":"2025-11-05T08:58:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-05T00:28:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-04T21:18:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-04T04:01:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Astrophysics and Space Science","date":"2025-10-07T11:04:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"astrophysics-and-space-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"astr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Astrophysics and Space Science](https://www.springer.com/journal/10509)","snPcode":"10509","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10509/3","title":"Astrophysics and Space Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f02e6d04-a92f-4690-aeac-4dcb6dcec7a0","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 16th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-03T07:38:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-16 07:48:25","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7798886","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7798886","identity":"rs-7798886","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}