Transcultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale for Nurses (AIASN)

Transcultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale for Nurses (AIASN) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Transcultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale for Nurses (AIASN) Xian Lin, Yaling Qin, Yuxuan Zeng, Xinqing Zhu, Jingyi Li, Qiaosong Wang, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6836319/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in nursing encompass a wide array of domains, including nursing practice, management, and education. Considering that nurses serve as the core group on the frontline of healthcare, their attitudes toward AI may be crucial for promoting the rational development of AI in the nursing field. However, there is currently no validated instrument available in China to assess nurses’ attitudes toward AI. This study aimed to translate the Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale for Nurses (AIASN) and evaluate its psychometric properties among Chinese nurses. Methods This methodological study enrolled a sample consisting of 1309 nurses. The Chinese translation of the AIASN was generated using a commonly used instrument validation guideline. The validity of the instrument was assessed using content validity, structural validity (including Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM)), convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. Results A five-factor model was obtained through EFA. This model showed satisfactory model fit in CFA and ESEM (CFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.926, RMSEA = 0.068, SRMR = 0.023). The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the instrument was 0.906. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the instrument was 0.819. Conclusions The Chinese version of the AIASN comprises five dimensions and 25 items, demonstrating robust psychometric properties for assessing Chinese nurses’ attitudes toward AI. It can help nursing educators develop AI-related education and training programs and identify nurses’ learning needs. Nursing Artificial intelligence Nurses Psychometric Scale adaptation Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6836319","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":579298461,"identity":"ac68eea2-dd80-4ee1-8727-39579feeef4c","order_by":0,"name":"Xian Lin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xian","middleName":"","lastName":"Lin","suffix":""},{"id":579299296,"identity":"1f838618-09c8-4f12-b467-799d1d72c430","order_by":1,"name":"Yaling Qin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yaling","middleName":"","lastName":"Qin","suffix":""},{"id":579299297,"identity":"8a8be675-c5a1-4667-b11d-3c5be57c7caa","order_by":2,"name":"Yuxuan Zeng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuxuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zeng","suffix":""},{"id":579299298,"identity":"09ca983e-2d59-4d41-af96-0dddbe1a106c","order_by":3,"name":"Xinqing Zhu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinqing","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""},{"id":579299299,"identity":"ecb1fef4-21d2-4773-b6f4-7fa16dc7a616","order_by":4,"name":"Jingyi Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jingyi","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":579299300,"identity":"db2bc5d1-ea9c-48e6-bedf-5dcefe933c62","order_by":5,"name":"Qiaosong Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiaosong","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":579299301,"identity":"0b83e510-b55c-447a-a8fb-9234c9dd2bb9","order_by":6,"name":"Kun Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABCUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCSBmBjHY2BsbDnywYYOLEtbCz3O48eCMNFK0SM5wbz7Mk4YQxQkkZ+Qe/lxQc8duww3GhsM2CXzRBgeYD97mYbDLw6VFWiIvwXjGsWfJG243NhzOSWDL3XCALdmahyG5GJcWOYkcg2QetsPJBncONhzO/QHSwmMmzcNwILEBj5bDPP+AWm4kNhy2ANvC/w2vFmmJHMNm3rbDdpIzgFoYwFp42PBqkex5Y8zM23c4gZ/nYMPBHqCWmYfZjC3nGCTj1CJxPMf4M8+3w/Zs7O2PP/xIOJbbd7z54Y03FXY4tcAATMExaDQZEFAPBPZQuoaw0lEwCkbBKBhxAAAD712PCI5lSwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kun","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-06 10:53:15","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6836319/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6836319/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":101881565,"identity":"173106c9-a178-4c37-a5b1-19a5baceeee7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-04 15:13:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":574586,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6836319/v2_covered_e2ae8445-e052-4f64-830a-39066e43b26f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eTranscultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale for Nurses (AIASN)\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Artificial intelligence, Nurses, Psychometric, Scale adaptation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6836319/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6836319/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe applications of artificial intelligence\u0026nbsp;(AI)\u0026nbsp;in nursing encompass a wide array of domains, including nursing practice, management, and education. Considering that nurses serve as the core group on the frontline of healthcare, their attitudes toward AI may be crucial for promoting the rational development of AI in the nursing field. However, there is currently no validated\u0026nbsp;instrument available in China to assess nurses’ attitudes toward AI. This study aimed to translate the Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale for Nurses (AIASN) and evaluate its psychometric properties among Chinese nurses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis methodological study enrolled a sample consisting of 1309 nurses. The Chinese translation of the AIASN was generated using a commonly used instrument validation guideline. The validity of the instrument was assessed using content validity, structural validity\u0026nbsp;(including Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM)), convergent validity,\u0026nbsp;and discriminant validity. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA five-factor model was obtained through EFA.\u0026nbsp;This model showed satisfactory model fit in CFA and ESEM (CFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.926, RMSEA = 0.068, SRMR = 0.023). The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the instrument was 0.906. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the instrument was 0.819.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Chinese version of the AIASN comprises five\u0026nbsp;dimensions and 25\u0026nbsp;items, demonstrating robust psychometric properties for assessing Chinese nurses’ attitudes toward AI. It\u0026nbsp;can help nursing educators develop AI-related education and training programs and identify nurses’ learning needs.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Transcultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Artificial Intelligence Attitude Scale for Nurses (AIASN)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2026-02-03 19:37:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6836319/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-10 06:15:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6836319/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f884fd98-a4ee-4469-bc7d-26d388f31b65","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 3rd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":61638539,"name":"Nursing"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-14T03:53:51+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-03 19:37:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-6836319","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6836319","identity":"rs-6836319","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}