A Hybrid Cryptographic and Token-based Framework to Mitigate Denial-of-sleep Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Hybrid Cryptographic and Token-based Framework to Mitigate Denial-of-sleep Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Hybrid Cryptographic and Token-based Framework to Mitigate Denial-of-sleep Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks Jibin Joy This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8103226/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) tend to be very weak against energy-draining attacks such as DoSL attacks where sensor motes are forced to stay awake, their batteries quickly draining and causing networks to cease functioning. Existing mitigation techniques usually address the cryptographic authentication or energy-aware routing or energy management at the MAC layer, however, none of them combines three layers and provides holistic protection. This paper proposes a novel hybrid security framework combining the use of token-based admission control, RSA-interlock authentication handshake and S-MAC duty-cycled sleep scheduling to effectively limit the number of unauthorized requests, prevent tampering of the authentication handshake and protect the sleep cycles of nodes from adversarial interference. The proposed model is intended to work in well-resourced nodes but severely constrained nodes while providing the stack layering of defense. A coherent=-workflow, control-packet sequence and a lightweight mathematical model are developed models to quantify energy savings, authentication-cost and resilience, under the simulated DoSL situation. Comparative analysis with recent methods: ASDA-RSA, WSN-FAHN, DSD-RSA, hybrid methods, token only shows that the proposed hybrid framework provides considerably enhanced energy conservation, packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime. The approach provides a viable way for modern secure WSN deployments for smart environments, precision agriculture, border surveillance and industrial IoT. Wireless Sensor Networks Denial-of-Sleep Attacks Hybrid Security Token-Based Authentication RSA Interlock Protocol S-MAC Energy Efficiency DoS Mitigation Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 16 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 13 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8103226","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":545999876,"identity":"1d9bebec-6aad-4ff0-9b4d-ec24741f5cf8","order_by":0,"name":"Jibin 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