Verifiable multi-party delegated universal quantum computation against malicious participants

Verifiable multi-party delegated universal quantum computation against malicious participants | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Verifiable multi-party delegated universal quantum computation against malicious participants Zimeng Yuan, Jing Li, Chun Long, Fan Yang, Yuhao Fu, Xingbo Pan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7062010/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Delegated quantum computation (DQC) has emerged as a significant research focus to expedite the practical application of quantum advantage. Since substantial progress has been made in single-client DQC, extending these developments to multi-client settings naturally leads to the concept of multi-party delegated quantum computation (MPDQC). Existing MPDQC protocols predominantly rely on the prepare-and-send mode, while neglecting the receive-and-measure mode which is experimentally more practical. A key challenge hindering the adoption of the receive-and-measure mode in the multi-client scenario is the difficulty in verifying the local measurements of clients. In this paper, we address this obstacle and propose a verifiable MPDQC scheme tailored for multi-client settings. To enable federated computation among multiple clients, we construct a multi-client hypergraph state as the foundational resource state for MPDQC. Concurrently, we introduce a Pauli measurement verification protocol enabling the verification of client behavior within the multi-client framework, leveraging assistance from the quantum server. Building upon these advancements, we present a verifiable multiparty delegated universal quantum computation (MPDUQC) protocol and demonstrate its blindness and verifiability against malicious participants. Our work effectively bridges the gap for MPDQC protocols operating in the receive-and-measure paradigm. Multi-party delegated quantum computation Blind quantum computation Quantum verification Quantum hypergraph state Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 10 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7062010","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":585230804,"identity":"910b8cd2-1a9a-4f48-9349-c43865cb5b52","order_by":0,"name":"Zimeng Yuan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zimeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Yuan","suffix":""},{"id":585230805,"identity":"8c317e42-70c1-4bc7-a284-d44e4cf05f9c","order_by":1,"name":"Jing Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jing","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":585230806,"identity":"a85583c1-6f78-4899-9271-bedcc51c425d","order_by":2,"name":"Chun Long","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACCQZ+IHmANC2SDSRqYWAwIFo9/+zmbRI/d1jkGR8/e/DADwa7PMIuunOsTLL3jESx2Zm8hIM9DMnFhK25kWMmwdsmkbjtBo/BYaB3EhsI6ZAHapH8C9SyeQaxWgyAWqRBtmyQIFaL4Y20YmvZNoliiTM5Bgd7DJIJa5G7kbzx5tu2ujz+9jPGH35U2BHWAnIbiEhAYpOmZRSMglEwCkYBFgAAuT08d+OkvAgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chun","middleName":"","lastName":"Long","suffix":""},{"id":585230807,"identity":"35601fd0-3d5c-4eda-9946-031a555c7a6a","order_by":3,"name":"Fan Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fan","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":585230808,"identity":"73cc2d71-7f13-4c49-8e9e-c7fca9f0ad95","order_by":4,"name":"Yuhao Fu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuhao","middleName":"","lastName":"Fu","suffix":""},{"id":585230809,"identity":"c0d70f7c-a97d-4e40-be66-295b3d9bb37e","order_by":5,"name":"Xingbo Pan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xingbo","middleName":"","lastName":"Pan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-07 06:38:40","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7062010/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7062010/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102295592,"identity":"bf02b968-f8d0-4eb1-8ba9-6fae80f8d206","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-10 10:12:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":435881,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7062010/v1_covered_c3257668-dedd-417c-ac7a-f88b9090d214.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Verifiable multi-party delegated universal quantum computation against malicious participants","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"quantum-information-processing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"qinp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Quantum Information Processing](http://link.springer.com/journal/11128)","snPcode":"11128","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11128/3","title":"Quantum Information Processing","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Multi-party delegated quantum computation, Blind quantum computation, Quantum verification, Quantum hypergraph state","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7062010/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7062010/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDelegated quantum computation (DQC) has emerged as a significant research focus to expedite the practical application of quantum advantage. 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