Analyze the spatial-temporal changes and their environmental impacts on tourist spots in the Chittagong hill tract area of Bangladesh

Analyze the spatial-temporal changes and their environmental impacts on tourist spots in the Chittagong hill tract area of Bangladesh | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analyze the spatial-temporal changes and their environmental impacts on tourist spots in the Chittagong hill tract area of Bangladesh Md Alzaber, Dr.Md.Rahedul Islam This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4546142/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Tourism is related to the cost degradation of the environment and affects the social and cultural spectrum. The growth of the tourism and hospitality sector greatly impacts the environment of mountain tourist areas of Bangladesh. For this, it examines the LULC (Land Use Land Cover) change detection in tourist areas and analyzes its environmental impacts. Analyzing the LULC, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-Up Index) would help to know about the LULCC detection before 20 years of difference between the tourist spots Sajek, Himchari & Nilgiri by Landsat 5, Landsat 8 & Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and analyzing the LST (Land Surface Temperature) and annual rainfall data which discovers to analyze its environmental impact. Data collection, Satellite image pre-processing, Supervised image Classification, Accuracy Assessment, NDVI, NDBI, LST, and annual rainfall data are processed by the Google Earth Engine code editor with individual code and Area Calculation, LULC change detection, map analysis & design are performed by QGIS 3.28 & 2.18. LULC, NDVI, and NDBI show an increase in urban areas and a decrease in the vegetation rapidly another LST significantly increased, and annual rainfall has decreased in the last 20 years (2003–2023) which can cause the worst climatic condition of the tourists spots environmentally hazardous landslide, cyclone, saline water inundation, forest fire are influencing by rapid growth of urbanization. Land use land cover Land Surface Temperature Environmental Impacts Google Earth Engine Tourism Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editor assigned by journal 11 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 07 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4546142","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":313130214,"identity":"05b139bf-90e7-482d-87f8-3388fa81cef8","order_by":0,"name":"Md Alzaber","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Pabna University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md","middleName":"","lastName":"Alzaber","suffix":""},{"id":313130215,"identity":"69c1af9a-83a9-4482-8924-18681e419092","order_by":1,"name":"Dr.Md.Rahedul Islam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pabna University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"Dr.","firstName":"Md.Rahedul","middleName":"","lastName":"Islam","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-07 12:36:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4546142/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4546142/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":59117177,"identity":"9a00d615-24d4-455e-8aef-3a9318246998","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-26 14:14:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1577612,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"reUpdatedmanuscriptforspringer.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4546142/v1_covered_86ac0a51-89d0-46d4-897d-b1f3791e11ff.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analyze the spatial-temporal changes and their environmental impacts on tourist spots in the Chittagong hill tract area of Bangladesh","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"earth-science-informatics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"esin","sideBox":"Learn more about [Earth Science Informatics](http://link.springer.com/journal/12145)","snPcode":"12145","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12145/3","title":"Earth Science Informatics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Land use land cover, Land Surface Temperature, Environmental Impacts, Google Earth Engine, Tourism","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4546142/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4546142/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTourism is related to the cost degradation of the environment and affects the social and cultural spectrum. The growth of the tourism and hospitality sector greatly impacts the environment of mountain tourist areas of Bangladesh. For this, it examines the LULC (Land Use Land Cover) change detection in tourist areas and analyzes its environmental impacts. Analyzing the LULC, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-Up Index) would help to know about the LULCC detection before 20 years of difference between the tourist spots Sajek, Himchari \u0026amp; Nilgiri by Landsat 5, Landsat 8 \u0026amp; Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and analyzing the LST (Land Surface Temperature) and annual rainfall data which discovers to analyze its environmental impact. Data collection, Satellite image pre-processing, Supervised image Classification, Accuracy Assessment, NDVI, NDBI, LST, and annual rainfall data are processed by the Google Earth Engine code editor with individual code and Area Calculation, LULC change detection, map analysis \u0026amp; design are performed by QGIS 3.28 \u0026amp; 2.18. 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