Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes: Formation, Biological Function and Applications

The exosomes are a class of multi-vesicular bodies structures that originated from the cytoplasmic nucleus endosome, which can be synthesized by different cells and released into the extracellular environment. Breast cancer-derived exosomes can promote breast cancer proliferation, metastasis, escape and angiogenesis, which plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In this article, we mainly review the roles of breast cancer-derived exosomes in tumor progression and immune suppression from the following aspects. Firstly, the exosomes are mainly introduced, including structure, formation mechanism and analytics. Then it describes the effect of the breast cancer-derived exosomes in the tumor microenvironment, and the applications of exosomes in biomedicine. For example, the applications of the breast cancer-derived exosomes as a biomarker and the value of exosomes in breast cancer treatment and prognostic. Finally, the application potential of the breast cancer-derived exosomes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is summarized and prospected, which provides a new idea for the accurate treatment of breast cancer.