Arachis mottle-associated virus, a new polerovirus infecting pinto peanut

Arachis mottle-associated virus, a new polerovirus infecting pinto peanut | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Arachis mottle-associated virus, a new polerovirus infecting pinto peanut Caterynne Melo Kauffmann, Alessandra de Jesus Boari, Bruno Arcanjo Silva, and 10 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4572078/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Archives of Virology → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A new polerovirus, which was named “arachis mottle-associated virus” (ArMoV), was found by high-throughput sequencing in the Pinto peanut ( Arachis pintoi ) plant. The genome sequence was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and comprises 5775 nucleotides and seven open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted, showing a typical polerovirus genome structure. All the proteins encoded by ArMoV showed less than 90% amino acid identity with those of other poleroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on P1-P2 fusion protein and coat protein amino acid sequences showed that the CsCSV and tobacco polerovirus 1 were the most closely related to ArMoV, respectively. These analyses suggest that ArMoV is a new species of the genus Polerovirus and the binomial name “ Polerovirus ARMOV ” is proposed. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Full Text Arachis pintoi (Krapov. & W.C. Gregory) of the Fabaceae family is a forage plant that is native to Brazil. It is commonly used for cutting forage with a large volume of fresh grass or ornamental grass because it has a long flowering period [1]. For this study, twenty-two symptomatic and asymptomatic Arachis pintoi accessions were collected from the Active Germplasm Bank (BGA) of forage peanuts at the Embrapa Acre Institute (Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil) (Fig.1A). Total nucleic acids were extracted using a Purelink Viral RNA/DNA Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), followed by DNase treatment using a DNA-free DNA Removal Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RNA obtained from twenty-two A. pintoi accessions was used as a pooled sample to construct a complementary DNA library using a Complete ScriptSeq Kit (Epicenter, Illumina, Inc.), followed by transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform at the Functional Genomics Facility at Esalq-University of São Paulo (Piracicaba, SP, Brazil). The raw reads obtained were trimmed to remove adapter and low-quality sequences, and CLC Main Workbench v. 7.0.3 (QIAGEN, Germantown, MD, USA) was used to assemble the resulting sequences. The resulting contigs were analyzed with tBLASTx against the virus genome database using the Geneious program v.9.1.5 (Biomatters Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand) [2]. Finally, the extended sequences were reassembled into selected contigs using the “map-to-reference” function in Geneious. Specific primers, PolR and PolF (Supplementary Table S1), were designed for the region of the P1 gene to detect polerovirus sequences in individual A. pintoi accession. The cDNA fragments were amplified by RT-PCR using the extracted RNA from single C15 accession plant using specific primers (Supplementary Table S1) designed based on HTS analysis. The 5'- and 3'-RACE protocols were performed as described by [3]. The amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method. The complete sequences of arachis mottle-associated virus (ArMoV), for which the binomial name “ Polerovirus ARMOV ”, were deposited in the GenBank database under accession number LC818997, as determined by Sanger sequencing. ArMoV contains seven putative ORFs characteristic of poleroviruses (Fig. 1B) [4]. The 5' UTR starts with the ACAAA sequence, which is conserved in the genus [5]. ORF0 encodes a putative protein (P0), (nt 61–849) that contains a conserved domain called Luteo_PO (pfam04662), which is an RNA-silencing suppressor [6]. ORF1 encodes a putative protein (P1) (nt 227–2,080) with a peptidase S39 motif (pfam02122). P2 protein encoded in ORF2 (nt 2, 536–3,348) are likely translated via a -1 ribosomal frameshift. The “slippery heptamer” sequence GGGAAAC at positions 1,663 to 1,669 was predicted by KnotInFrame program ( https://bibiserv.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/knotinframe ) [7]. This fusion protein contains a conserved domain of the serine protease and viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase domains. ORF3 encodes a coat protein (CP) (nt 3,529–4,134), which has a luteovirus-like coat protein domain. ORF4 (nt 3,554–4,138), which overlaps with ORF3, encodes a movement protein [8]. ORF5 encodes a readthrough domain, and a fusion protein (P3-P5) (nt 3,529–5,589), which is a putative readthrough protein. The putative ORF3a (nt 3,408–3,548), initiated at an ATA codon, is present at the expected position [9] and encodes a predicted 46-aa protein that is likely to be involved in long-distance viral movement. The genomic sequence of ArMoV underwent a comparative analysis against the complete genomes, RdRp, and CP within the genus Polerovirus This comprehensive following the initial alignment construction facilitated by MAFFT [10]. According to the current ICTV sequence demarcation criterion of greater than 10% aa sequence divergence in genes products compared to other poleroviruses. Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CsCSV) was found to be the closest relative of ArMoV, and alignments showed pairwise comparisons with the following sequence identity percentages: 55.3% for the nt complete genome sequence, 21.1% for P0 protein, 18.4% for P1-2 protein, 79.6% for P3 protein, 57.7% for P4 protein, 59.8% for P3-5 protein, and 46.8% for the P3a protein. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using IQ-TREE [11], employing the optimal model determined by ModelFinder [12]. The LG+F+R5 model was applied to RdRp aa sequence datasets, while the JTT+F+G4 model was utilized for the CP aa sequence dataset. The deduced phylogenetic trees (Fig. 2) show ArMoV alongside other members of the genus Polerovirus , and most related virus was CsCSV by P5 and tobacco polerovirus 1 (TPV1) by P1-P2. These data indicate that ArMoV is classified as a new member of the genus Polerovirus , family Solemoviridae , and the binomial species name " Polerovirus ARMOV " is suggested . Declarations Acknowledgments This study was funded by Associação para o Fomento à Pesquisa de Melhoramento de Forrageiras (Unipasto) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, no. 406390/2021-5). CMK and TN are CNPq fellows. Compliance with Ethical Standards Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Ethical approval This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. References Vu DH, Nguyen TL, Bui TT et al (2018) Effects of fertilization ratios on the growth of pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) under drought stress conditions. Tap chi Khoa hoc Nong nghiep Viet Nam/Vietnam. J Agricultural Sci 1(4):249–260 Blawid R, Silva JMF, Nagata T (2017) Discovering and sequencing new plant viral genomes by next-generation sequencing: description of a practical pipeline. Ann Appl Biol 170:301–314 Nicolini C, Inoue-Nagata AK, Nagata T (2015) Complete genome sequence of a proposed new tymovirus, tomato blistering mosaic virus. Arch Virol 160:609–612 ICTV db (2024) https://ictv.global/report/chapter/solemoviridae/solemoviridae/ polerovirus . Accessed Fev 2024 Knierim D, Tsaia WS, Deng TC, Green SK, Kenyon L (2013) Full-length genome sequences of four polerovirus isolates infecting cucurbits in Taiwan determined from total RNA extracted from field samples. Plant Pathol 62:633–641 Mangwende T, Wang ML, Borth W, Hu J, Moore PH, Mirkov TE, Albert HH (2009) The P0 gene of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus encodes an RNA silencing suppressor with unique activities. Virology 384:38–50 Theis C, Reeders J, Giegerich R (2008) KnotInFrame: prediction of -1 ribosomal frameshift events. Nuc Acids Res 36:6013–6020 Latourrette K, Holste NM, Garcia-Ruiz H (2021) Polerovirus genomic variation. Virus Evol 7(2):102 Smirnova E, Firth AE, Miller WA et al (2015) Discovery of a small non-AUG-initiated ORF in poleroviruses and luteoviruses that is required for long-distance movement. PLoS Pathog 11(5):e1004868 Katoh K, Misawa K, Kuma KI et al (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res 30(14):3059–3066 Nguyen LT, Schmidt HA, Von Haeseler A et al (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 32(1):268–274 Kalyaanamoorthy S, Minh BQ, Wong TK et al (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nat methods 14:587–589 Supplementary Files SupplementaryTable1.docx SupplementaryTable2.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Archives of Virology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revision 14 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 17 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 14 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 12 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4572078","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":315522322,"identity":"c63eae45-628d-4dee-ac57-04651cd29b32","order_by":0,"name":"Caterynne Melo Kauffmann","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Brasilia: Universidade de Brasilia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Caterynne","middleName":"Melo","lastName":"Kauffmann","suffix":""},{"id":315522323,"identity":"e38ca5c4-3e83-4248-8c2f-f8cc9c88e7a0","order_by":1,"name":"Alessandra de Jesus Boari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Embrapa 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18:48:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4572078/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4572078/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-06180-7","type":"published","date":"2024-11-17T15:58:21+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":59554668,"identity":"187172ec-2dc4-421e-9540-01f5c51df820","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-03 07:06:19","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":3094052,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(A) Mottle symptoms on leaves of pinto peanut. (B) Genome organization of arachis mottle-associated virus (ArMoV). Rectangles represent the relative position of the open reading frames (ORFs). ORF0 (P0), ORF1 (P1), ORF2 (P2), ORF3 (P3), ORF3a, ORF4 (P4), and ORF5 (P5). RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; CP, coat protein; MP, movement protein; RT, ribosomal readthrough. The shaded arrow (\u003cstrong\u003e⭣\u003c/strong\u003e) indicates the location of the slippery heptamer ‘GGGAAAC’ that is responsible for the − 1 ribosomal frameshift that results in the synthesis of the P1-P2 fusion protein.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4572078/v1/05d98dd24a9774b807582310.png"},{"id":59554647,"identity":"20265602-f678-43cc-9629-2de75072ebe6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-03 07:06:14","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2994537,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMaximum-likelihood tree based on (A) RdRp (P1-P2 protein) and (B) CP (P5 protein) amino acid sequences of ArMoV and members of the genus \u003cem\u003ePolerovirus\u003c/em\u003e. (C) SDT matrix of pairwise based on P1-P2 amino acid sequence identity (%) among ArMoV and members of the genus \u003cem\u003ePolerovirus\u003c/em\u003e. (D) SDT matrix of pairwise based on CP amino acid sequence identity (%) among ArMoV and members of the genus \u003cem\u003ePolerovirus\u003c/em\u003e. The complete names of other viruses are shown in Table S2.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4572078/v1/dccfe1ed99c7ffd937a9ee0e.png"},{"id":69286296,"identity":"7c0a273d-9d13-443c-974e-a44fada9b539","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-18 19:30:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":8597231,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4572078/v1/1f5b3ff7-6a64-49ba-9c84-20c05e53bbae.pdf"},{"id":59554650,"identity":"b1c59f47-7d4f-4bd1-9d30-513149cc0302","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-03 07:06:16","extension":"docx","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":16850,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTable1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4572078/v1/15262b322ee7f3c412838fa0.docx"},{"id":59554646,"identity":"bde82f01-37f4-4be7-9fb9-dcc5b0011ac7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-03 07:06:14","extension":"docx","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":16761,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTable2.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4572078/v1/e1c04d3e175fd308fdba26d3.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Arachis mottle-associated virus, a new polerovirus infecting pinto peanut","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArachis pintoi\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Krapov. \u0026amp; W.C. Gregory) of the Fabaceae family is a forage plant that is native to Brazil. It is commonly used for cutting forage with a large volume of fresh grass or ornamental grass because it has a long flowering period\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e[1].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor this study, twenty-two symptomatic and asymptomatic \u003cem\u003eArachis pintoi\u003c/em\u003e accessions were collected from the Active Germplasm Bank (BGA) of forage peanuts at the Embrapa Acre Institute (Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil) (Fig.1A). Total nucleic acids were extracted using a Purelink Viral RNA/DNA Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), followed by DNase treatment using a DNA-free DNA Removal Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RNA obtained from twenty-two \u003cem\u003eA. pintoi\u003c/em\u003e accessions was used as a pooled sample to construct a complementary DNA library using a Complete ScriptSeq Kit (Epicenter, Illumina, Inc.), followed by transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform at the Functional Genomics Facility at Esalq-University of S\u0026atilde;o Paulo (Piracicaba, SP, Brazil). The raw reads obtained were trimmed to remove adapter and low-quality sequences, and\u0026nbsp;CLC Main Workbench v. 7.0.3 (QIAGEN, Germantown, MD, USA) was used to assemble the resulting sequences.\u0026nbsp;The resulting contigs were analyzed with tBLASTx against the virus genome database using the Geneious program v.9.1.5 (Biomatters Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand) [2]. Finally, the extended sequences were reassembled into selected contigs using the \u0026ldquo;map-to-reference\u0026rdquo; function in Geneious. Specific primers, PolR and PolF (Supplementary Table S1), were designed for the region of the P1 gene to detect polerovirus sequences in individual \u003cem\u003eA. pintoi\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eaccession. The cDNA fragments were amplified by RT-PCR using the extracted RNA from single C15 accession plant using specific primers (Supplementary Table S1) designed based on HTS analysis. The 5\u0026apos;- and 3\u0026apos;-RACE protocols were performed as described by [3]. The amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe complete sequences of arachis mottle-associated virus (ArMoV), for which the binomial name \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003ePolerovirus ARMOV\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;, were deposited\u0026nbsp;in the GenBank database under accession number LC818997, as determined by Sanger sequencing.\u0026nbsp;ArMoV\u0026nbsp;contains seven putative ORFs characteristic of poleroviruses (Fig. 1B) [4].\u0026nbsp;The 5\u0026apos; UTR starts with the ACAAA sequence, which is conserved in the genus [5]. ORF0 encodes a putative protein (P0), (nt 61\u0026ndash;849) that contains a conserved domain called Luteo_PO (pfam04662), which is an RNA-silencing suppressor [6]. ORF1 encodes a putative protein (P1) (nt 227\u0026ndash;2,080) with a peptidase S39 motif (pfam02122). P2 protein encoded in ORF2 (nt 2, 536\u0026ndash;3,348) are likely translated via a -1 ribosomal frameshift. The \u0026ldquo;slippery heptamer\u0026rdquo; sequence GGGAAAC at positions 1,663 to 1,669 was predicted by KnotInFrame program (\u003ca href=\"https://bibiserv.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/knotinframe\"\u003ehttps://bibiserv.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/knotinframe\u003c/a\u003e) [7]. This fusion protein contains a conserved domain of the serine protease and viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase domains. ORF3 encodes a coat protein (CP) (nt 3,529\u0026ndash;4,134), which has a luteovirus-like coat protein domain. ORF4 (nt 3,554\u0026ndash;4,138), which overlaps with ORF3, encodes a movement protein [8]. ORF5 encodes a readthrough domain, and a fusion protein (P3-P5) (nt 3,529\u0026ndash;5,589), which is a putative readthrough protein. The putative ORF3a (nt 3,408\u0026ndash;3,548), initiated at an ATA codon, is present at the expected position [9] and encodes a predicted 46-aa protein that is likely to be involved in long-distance viral movement.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe genomic sequence of ArMoV underwent a comparative analysis against the complete genomes, RdRp, and CP within the genus \u003cem\u003ePolerovirus\u003c/em\u003e This comprehensive following the initial alignment construction facilitated by MAFFT\u0026nbsp;[10].\u0026nbsp;According to the current ICTV sequence demarcation criterion of greater than 10% aa sequence divergence in genes products compared to other poleroviruses. Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CsCSV) was found to be the closest relative of ArMoV, and alignments showed pairwise comparisons with the following sequence identity percentages: 55.3% for the nt complete genome sequence, 21.1% for P0 protein, 18.4% for P1-2 protein, 79.6% for P3 protein, 57.7% for P4 protein, 59.8% for P3-5 protein, and 46.8% for the P3a protein. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using IQ-TREE [11], employing the optimal model determined by ModelFinder [12]. The LG+F+R5 model was applied to RdRp aa sequence datasets, while the JTT+F+G4 model was utilized for the CP aa sequence dataset. The deduced phylogenetic trees (Fig. 2) show ArMoV alongside other members of the genus \u003cem\u003ePolerovirus\u003c/em\u003e, and most related virus was CsCSV by P5 and tobacco polerovirus 1 (TPV1) by P1-P2.\u0026nbsp;These data indicate that ArMoV is classified as a new member of the genus \u003cem\u003ePolerovirus\u003c/em\u003e, family \u003cem\u003eSolemoviridae\u003c/em\u003e, and the binomial species name \u0026quot;\u003cem\u003ePolerovirus ARMOV\u003c/em\u003e \u0026quot; is suggested\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was funded by Associa\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o para o Fomento \u0026agrave; Pesquisa de Melhoramento de Forrageiras (Unipasto) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u0026iacute;fico e Tecnol\u0026oacute;gico (CNPq, no. 406390/2021-5). CMK and TN are CNPq fellows.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eCompliance with Ethical Standards\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eConflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVu DH, Nguyen TL, Bui TT et al (2018) Effects of fertilization ratios on the growth of pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) under drought stress conditions. Tap chi Khoa hoc Nong nghiep Viet Nam/Vietnam. J Agricultural Sci 1(4):249\u0026ndash;260\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlawid R, Silva JMF, Nagata T (2017) Discovering and sequencing new plant viral genomes by next-generation sequencing: description of a practical pipeline. Ann Appl Biol 170:301\u0026ndash;314\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNicolini C, Inoue-Nagata AK, Nagata T (2015) Complete genome sequence of a proposed new tymovirus, tomato blistering mosaic virus. Arch Virol 160:609\u0026ndash;612\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eICTV db (2024) \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://ictv.global/report/chapter/solemoviridae/solemoviridae/ polerovirus\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://ictv.global/report/chapter/solemoviridae/solemoviridae/ polerovirus\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. Accessed Fev 2024\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKnierim D, Tsaia WS, Deng TC, Green SK, Kenyon L (2013) Full-length genome sequences of four polerovirus isolates infecting cucurbits in Taiwan determined from total RNA extracted from field samples. Plant Pathol 62:633\u0026ndash;641\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMangwende T, Wang ML, Borth W, Hu J, Moore PH, Mirkov TE, Albert HH (2009) The P0 gene of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus encodes an RNA silencing suppressor with unique activities. Virology 384:38\u0026ndash;50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTheis C, Reeders J, Giegerich R (2008) KnotInFrame: prediction of -1 ribosomal frameshift events. Nuc Acids Res 36:6013\u0026ndash;6020\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLatourrette K, Holste NM, Garcia-Ruiz H (2021) Polerovirus genomic variation. Virus Evol 7(2):102\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSmirnova E, Firth AE, Miller WA et al (2015) Discovery of a small non-AUG-initiated ORF in poleroviruses and luteoviruses that is required for long-distance movement. PLoS Pathog 11(5):e1004868\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKatoh K, Misawa K, Kuma KI et al (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res 30(14):3059\u0026ndash;3066\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNguyen LT, Schmidt HA, Von Haeseler A et al (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 32(1):268\u0026ndash;274\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKalyaanamoorthy S, Minh BQ, Wong TK et al (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nat methods 14:587\u0026ndash;589\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"archives-of-virology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"arvi","sideBox":"Learn more about [Archives of Virology](https://www.springer.com/journal/705)","snPcode":"705","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/705/3","title":"Archives of Virology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4572078/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4572078/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA new polerovirus, which was named “arachis mottle-associated virus” (ArMoV), was found by high-throughput sequencing in the Pinto peanut (\u003cem\u003eArachis pintoi\u003c/em\u003e) plant. The genome sequence was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and comprises 5775 nucleotides and seven open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted, showing a typical polerovirus genome structure. All the proteins encoded by ArMoV showed less than 90% amino acid identity with those of other poleroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on P1-P2 fusion protein and coat protein amino acid sequences showed that the CsCSV and tobacco polerovirus 1 were the most closely related to ArMoV, respectively. These analyses suggest that ArMoV is a new species of the genus \u003cem\u003ePolerovirus\u003c/em\u003e and the binomial name “\u003cem\u003ePolerovirus ARMOV\u003c/em\u003e” is proposed.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Arachis mottle-associated virus, a new polerovirus infecting pinto peanut","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-03 07:06:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4572078/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major Revision","date":"2024-07-15T02:15:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-06-17T19:10:25+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-06-17T16:18:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-06-14T14:04:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Archives of Virology","date":"2024-06-12T14:47:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"archives-of-virology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"arvi","sideBox":"Learn more about [Archives of Virology](https://www.springer.com/journal/705)","snPcode":"705","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/705/3","title":"Archives of Virology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c50de22d-11e1-4ebc-95ec-a78a0b7e9122","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 3rd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-18T19:29:26+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4572078","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-06180-7","journal":{"identity":"archives-of-virology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Archives of Virology"},"publishedOn":"2024-11-17 15:58:21","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 17th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-03 07:06:03","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00705-024-06180-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-06180-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4572078","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4572078","identity":"rs-4572078","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}