Endometriosis and other benign and malignant müllerian lesions in pelvic and extrapelvic organs

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a retrospective study on case reports found in literature across the world on benign müllerian lesions of the urogenital tract and on cases of malignant transformation from müllerian duct remnants in order to better understand these rare anatomopathologic entities and to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed a number of case reports on benign and malignant müllerian lesions and compared the developments associated with endometriosis, endosalpingiosis and endocervicosis. RESULTS: Our sampling of case reports confirm the suggestion that both malignant neoplasms and benign müllerian lesions can arise in foci of endometriosis in both pelvic and extrapelvic sites. CONCLUSION: The development of malignant tumors is a well-known complication of endometriosis and endosalpingiosis, but data about endocervicosis are unclear.