Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) in food and environmental samples by the application of chelate adsorption on Amberlite XAD-1180

Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) in food and environmental samples by the application of chelate adsorption on Amberlite XAD-1180 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) in food and environmental samples by the application of chelate adsorption on Amberlite XAD-1180 Berrin TOPUZ, Ece Talya ALTINIŞIK This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2491064/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A simultaneous preconcentration and determination procedure for solid phase extraction on AXAD-1180 as 2,6-dimethlmorpholinedithiocarbamate (DMMDTC) chelates and spectrophotometric determinations of Cu (II), Ni (II), and Co (II) in food and environmental samples is proposed in the present work. The effect of some SPE parameters, such as reagent amount, sample pH, eluent type, concentration, and volume, sample and eluent flow rate, and sample volume, on trace metal ion recovery (R%) for the method developed in the standard model solution medium was investigated. Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) retained as DMMDTC complexes on Amberlite XAD-1180 were eluted with 10 mL of 1 M HNO 3 (in acetone). Foreign ions were also studied individually on the recovery of trace metal ions using the developed method. Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions were preconcentrated and separated from the sample using the developed SPE method, and their concentrations were simultaneously determined using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. The spectrophotometric determination was made by measuring the absorbance of colored chelates of metal ions complexed with DMMDTC in a surfactant medium (1% Triton X-100) at wavelengths of 460, 328, and 342 nm for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II), respectively. To test the method's accuracy, certified reference materials (CRM 1204 waste water and TMDA-70.2 Ontario lake water) were analyzed using the proposed method, and metal recoveries were calculated to be between 97.1% and 100.7%. The proposed method worked well with the wheat flour sample. Wheat flour has Cu(II) and Ni(II) contents of 2,16 µgmL − 1 and 0,56 µgmL − 1 , respectively. Solid-phase extraction Amberlite XAD-1180 2 6-dimetilmorpholinedithiocarbamate Heavy metal ions Wheat flour Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Introduction Cereals and their by-products are the important part of daily diet (Cheli et al., 2010 ). The major cereals are wheat, rice, oats, barley, rye, corn and millet. Among them, wheat is one of the most consumed cereals. They are grown on nearly 60% of the cultivated area in the world (Koehler et al., 2014 ). Because of their high average consumption, cereal products are considered among the primary dietary sources of heavy metals (Conti et al., 2000 ). It is well known that plants grown in contaminated soil by heavy metals are a major route of entry for heavy metals in to the food chain. Due to their not biodegradability, metals accumulate in tissues and their amounts increase gradually along the food chain (Wang et al., 2011 ; Cheli et al., 2010 ); Farooq et al., 2010 ). Heavy metal ions including cobalt, nickel, and cobalt ions are significant environmental contaminants(Mitra et al., 2022 ; Masindi & Muedi, 2018 )]. Because they can gradually accumulate in a person's body through the food chain and endanger human health (Pinar Gumus & Soylak, 2021 ). The main applications for copper are in the production of paints and pigments, tanneries, fertilizers, and baths for cleaning and plating. A higher copper content consumed over time may result in lung cancer, liver damage, renal damage, sleeplessness, Wilson disease, vomiting, and diarrhea. The U.S. EPA has set a 1.3 mg/L copper maximum allowable level(Mi et al., 2015 ; Ge et al., 2015 ; Aksu & Işoǧlu, 2005 ). Vasodilation, flushing, and cardiomyopathy are some of the toxicological consequences that cobalt can cause (Linna et al., 2020 ). A frequently utilized heavy metal ion and hazardous substance is nickel. Chemical industries, electroplating, mining, refining, and paint and ink formulation units are some of the sources of its toxicity (Genchi et al., 2020 ; Ma et al., 2019 ). Thus, it is essential to create a technique that is quick, simple, inexpensive, and sensitive to track the extensive diffusion of trace metal pollutants in the environment. For the accurate and precise determination of toxic metal ions in food, modern instrumental techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Nardi et al., 2009 ), flame /graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS/GFAAS) (Abbasi Tarighat, 2016 ; Sánchez-Moreno et al., 2010 ), and electroanalytical techniques ((Jin Mei & Ainliah Alang Ahmad, 2021)) are important. Because of their low concentration and strong ion impact interference from numerous food additives, proteins, bases, salts, and acids, determining the presence of heavy metal contamination in food samples is significantly more challenging ((Li et al., 2015 ). Several sample preconcentration-separation techniques, including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (Commitre), cloud point extraction (Lemos et al., 2008 ; Shokrollahi et al., 2008 ), membrane filtration ((Ali et al., 2017 ), (Xiang et al., 2022 ), and solid phase extraction (Soylak & Unsal, 2011 ;El Ouardi et al., 2021 : Shahryari et al., 2022 ), have been used to enhance sensitivity and selectivity in heavy metal determination and overcome these limitations. Prior to spectrometric analysis, solid phase extraction (SPE) has been frequently utilized to selectively preconcentrate different oxidation states. Due to its advantages, including its quickness, selectivity, usability, minimal sample volume needs, low volume utilization of hazardous organic solvents, and absence of dependence on ultra-pure solvents. (Berrueta et al.). As solid phase sorbents, activated carbon (Sherugar et al., 2022 ; Imran-Shaukat et al., 2022 ) graphene oksit (Adel et al., 2022 ; Naeimi et al., 2022 ), silika ((He et al., 2016 ; Ramachandran et al., 2009 ), Amberlit XAD-2 (Gupta et al., 2023 ), XAD-7 (Arias et al., 2011 ; XAD-4 (Topuz, 2020 ; Topuz & Macit, 2011 ;Kocaoba, 2022 )), and AXAD-1180 (Soylak & Uzun KARATEPE, 2003; Hazer et al., 2009 ; Narin et al., 2004 ) ) have all been used to preconcentrate and determine metal ion traces. In studies on solid-phase extraction, a functional chelating group is added to the sorbent. The development of new sorbents containing functional groups, chemically bonding functional groups on existing sorbents (immobilized or functionalized sorbents), and physically bonding the groups on the sorbent by impregnating the solid sorbent with a solution containing the chelating ligand are the three distinct methods that can be used for this purpose (coated, impregnated or loaded sorbents). Alternatively, in solid-phase extraction investigations where the production of a chelate compound is used, a chelating agent may be directly added to the sample when the metal-chelate is retained on a suitable sorbent (Laskar et al., 2016 ; Moulay, 2018 )). Dithiocarbamates were added to an aqueous phase containing a variety of metals. Ammonium pyrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), hexamethylenedithiocarbamate (HMDC), and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) reagent were among the dithiocarbamates used. DTCs can generate colorful chelates that are stable during SPE separation procedures when heavy metal ions such as Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) are used. The formed metaldithiocarbamate complexes were then extracted with a solid phase, such as silica gel, polyurethane foam, activated carbon, or amberlite XAD resins. (Abu-El-Halawa & Zabin, 2017 ;Zhen et al., 2012 ; Beyramabadi et al., 2012 ) DTCs also don't interact with alkali or alkaline earth metals to create complexes (Cesur & Aksu, 2006 ). By using an appropriate and efficient ligand for the measurement of trace metals without immobilization and loading the reaction onto the solid phase in actual samples, including alkali and alkaline earth metals, a selective and efficient solid phase extraction method may be developed. Modern enstrumental techniques are not as selective, straightforward, quick, adaptable, or economical as UV-VIS spectrophotometry based on complex-forming chemicals. Because metal DTC complexes have a high UV absorbance after solvent extraction using nonpolar organic solvents, UV-Vis spectrophotometry is often used to analyze them (Balakrishnan et al., 2019 ). In the presented study, a new solid-phase extraction method was developed for the preconcentration and separation of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions. In an earlier study, a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method using dimethyl morpholine dithiocarbamate (DMMDTC) was used to identify metal ions at the submilligram per ml level in a surfactant medium (Triton X-100). Materials And Methods Reagents and Apparatus Stock solutions of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions were prepared from 1000 mgL-1 high purity compounds (in 0,5 molL-1 HNO3) , supplied by (Merck). Other used chemicals were of analytical grade of Merck (Germany). The pH values adjusted with HCl, NaOH, Sorenson’s buffer and Ammonium buffer to pH s below 3.73, in the range (4-6) and in the range (7-10), respectively. Amberlite XAD-1180 resin (surface area: 600 m 2 /g, pore diameter: 140 ˚A) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). AXAD-1180 cleaned with 10 ml metanol, 1 molL-1 HNO 3 (in acetone), 1 molL -1 NaOH, acetone, and deionized water, respectively, before use to remove contaminants both organic and inorganic that may have remained after the resin's synthesis. AXAD-1180 that had been treated was dried at 105 °C and kept for future use2,6-Dimethlmorpholinedithiocarbamate (DMMDTC) was synthesis using the same method as our prior investigation (Topuz et al., 2017) and then diluted to a concentration of 0.1% (m/v). NIST, TMDA-70.2 (Environmental Matrix Reference Material Canada) and CRM 1204 wastewater (Tubitak -UME, Turkey) were used as certified reference materials. Ultra-pure water (18 MΩ cm–1) was produced using a water treatment system (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). UV-VIS Spectroscopy was used to measure the analyte ions in a 1-cm quartz cuvette (Spectroquant Pharo 300, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) (190–1100 nm). An ISOLab pH meter was used to measure pH. A lead fluid peristaltic pump with a flow-rate-adjustable BT/101S model was used to pump the fluid into the resin column that was positioned vertically. An analytical balance (Radwag, Radom, Poland) with a sensitivity of 0.00001 was used to determine the solid weights. The morphologies of the raw AXAD-1180 (without metal ions) and the loaded with metal ions was observed with EDX (SHIMATZU, Carl Zeiss AG - EVO 50). Perkin Elmer-SCIEX ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS was used for the parallel analyses of the samples to be compared. Preparation of the SPE column The effective length and inner diameter of the glass preconcentration column are 100 mm and 10 mm, respectively. 200 mg of AXAD-1180 resin were soaked in 25 mL of ultra-deionized water to create a slurry. Glass cotton was positioned at the bottom and top of the column, and the column was packed with resin to ensure appropriate settling of the AXAD-1180 during sample loading. De-ionized water was used to clean the column, and then 1 M nitric acid and 1 M hydrochloric acid were used to condition it. After each experiment, the resin in the column was washed thoroughly with 1 M nitric acid, deionized water and with appropriated buffer solution. Pre-Investigation of Metal ions recovery in AXAD-1180/ DMMDTC Solid Phase Extraction Preliminary research was conducted on the adsorption and recovery yields of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) metal ions for the AXAD-1180/DMMDTC SPE method (Table 1). According to the results, the highest recovery was achieved for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions. Co(II) recovery was lower than Cu(II) and Ni(II) recovery. However, by using XAD-1180N-DMMDTC column optimization, this value was achieved at a rate of more than 90%. Method A sorensons buffer solution was passed through the AXAD-1180 column to precondition it (pH 5). 50 mL of a solution containing 10 g of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) (from each) were prepared. 1 mL of 0.1% (w/v) DMMDTC chelating agent was added to the solution after the pH was adjusted to the desired value (in the range 2-10). The solution was passed through the column filled with AXAD1180 at a flow rate of 8.5 mL min-1 after waiting for the production of metal-DMMDTC chelates for 10 minutes. At a flow rate of 5.5 mL min-1, 10 mL of 1 mol L-1 HNO3 in Acetone were used to elute the metal ions that had been retained on the column. By using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method that was carried out in accordance with prior descriptions in our investigations, the concentration of the metal ions was determined. Determination of Metal Ions. Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) concentrations can be determined by using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method previously described in micellar media containing TX-100 at pH 3.0-7.0 with DMMDTC as a chelating ligand (Topuz et al., 2017). The selectivity of the proposed method for the spectrophotometric determination of the metal ions is increased due to the DMMDTC ligand and the formation of stable complexes with the metal ions in the specific pH range. Microwave Digestion Microwave digestion procedure was applied for wheat flour sample . In a microwave digestion system, 0.4 gram of wheat flour samples were digested with 5 mL of HNO 3 (65%) and 1 mL of H 2 O 2 (30%) and diluted to 25 mL with deionized water. In the same way, a blank digest was performed. Every sample solution was clear. The microwave system digestion conditions were 5 minutes for 170 o C, 30 bar, 15 minutes for 190 o C, 35 bar, and 10 minutes for 50 o C, 25 bar, respectively. Results Characterization of AXAD-1180 resin and the metal ion adsorption When compared to the image of AXAD-1180, SEM images of AXAD-1180 resin loaded with the investigated metal ions show surface modifications. This modification might be explained by the metal ions bonding to the surface of the AXAD-1180 resin (fig. 1-4.). Optimization of the retention conditions Influence of the sample pH The most important characteristic among the evaluated variables for the adsorption of metals on the AXAD-1180 was found to be pH. The pH of a 50 mL sample solution containing 1 mg L -1 of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions was adjusted to be in the range of 0.62-9.97 in order to assess the impact of pH on the retention efficiency. As can be seen in Fig. 5, The quantitative retention of the metal ions on the AXAD-1180 was obtained after pH 4.3. Due to hydrolysis, pH above 10.0 was not tested. Finally, a pH of 5 was chosen for further studies. Influence of the sample flow rate To optimize the sample flow rate, 50 mL solutions of 1 mg L -1 Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions were pH-adjusted to 5.0 before being pumped through the column at rates ranging from 1,76 to 11.76 mLmin -1 . The results (Fig. 6) showed that the retention of the heavy metals on AXAD-1180 was unaffected by the sample flow rate fluctuation in this range. However, a 3 mL min-1 sample flow rate was chosen since a slow sample flow rate lengthens the analytical process. Influence of the volume of DMMDTC The chelating compound DTC is effective in interacting with a variety of metal ions to create stable complexes. The effectiveness of these metal chelates' enrichment depends on the amount of DTC present. In this experiment, the volume of 0.1 KDMMDTC was examined at between 50 and 2000 L. The experimental findings displayed in Fig. 7 demonstrated that as the volume of DMMDTC increased in this range, the extraction efficiencies of all metal chelates increased. In order to save reagent, the following experiments used DMMDTC of 1mL. Optimization of the elution conditions Selection type, concentration and volume of eluent For desorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions from AXAD-1180, series of selected eluents, such as 1 molL-1 HNO3, 1 molL-1 HCl, %2,5 CH 3 COOH, Acetone, 2 molL -1 HCl, 0.5 ,1 and 2 molL -1 HNO 3 in acetone were used. In the end, it was discovered that 1 molL-1 HNO3 in acetone enabled for a successful elution of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions from AXAD-1180 (fig.8). The volume effect of 1 molL-1 HNO3 as eluent on the recovery of the metal ions was also studied. Quantitative recovery was possible with 10 mL of 1 molL-1 HNO3 in acetone, as shown in fig. 9. The remaining experiments, then, employed quantities of 10 mL of eluent for desorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II). It was also investigated how the eluent flow rate affected the recovery of metals. Quantitative recoveries for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) were obtained at flow rates ranging from 1,42 to 7,59 mLmin -1 with 1 molL -1 HNO 3 in acetone. There was no significant difference between the results (Fig. 10). A low elution flow rate should be used to allow enough time for the solid phase and eluent to reach equilibrium. For the following experiments, an eluent flow rate of 2 mLmin -1 was selected. Effect of the volume of sample solutions Large volumes of actual samples were preconcentrated because there weren't many heavy metal concentrations. In order to determine the maximum volume of sample solution, a metal ion solution volume was increased while maintaining a constant ion concentration (0.1 mg of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II)). The metal ion standart sample solutions in volumes ranging from 50 to 1200 mL were passed through the column. The results (Fig. 11) showed that a sample volume of up to 750 mL could be obtained for the simultaneous quantitative recovery of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) on AXAD-1180. Effect of the interfering ions To investigate the effects of various cations and anions found in wheat flour and environmental samples, alkaline, alkaline earth, transition metals, and widespread anions were added to 100 mL of solution containing 0.01 mg of Cu (II), Ni(II), and Co (II). Table 2 shows the level of tolerance for foreign ions. From the tolerance data, it can be seen that the potentially interfering ions have no significant effects on the preconcentration of Cu (II), Ni(II), and Co (II) ions with the proposed method. Analytical performances of the AXAD-1180/DMMDTC SPE method. Under optimal conditions, the analytical performance of the AXAD-1180/DMMDTC SPE method was investigated. Table 3 summarizes the proposed method's analytical performance. The calibration curves' correlation coefficients (R 2 ) were in the 0.9951-0.9972 range. The method's relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to be <4.6% for all metal ions. As a result of the obtained RSD values, it can be concluded that the proposed procedure demonstrated good repeatability. The limit of detection, defined as three times the standard deviation of a reagent blank (N = 10), was determined to be 4.4, 39.6, and 21.5 µgL -1 for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) respectively. Adsorption Characteristics Adsorption capacity of the sorbent is an important factor to consider when evaluating it because it determines how so much AXAD 1180/DMMDTC is required in a given solution. A batch technique was employed to assess the AXAD-1180's ability to adsorb with DMMDTC. The following ingredients were added to a 50-mL aqueous solution: 0.2 g AXAD-1180, 1 mL 0.1% DMMDTC, and 10 mg the metal ions at pH 5.5. After 24 hours of shaking, the mixture was filtered. One milliliter of the supernatant solution was diluted to 50 mL, and the metal ions were determined using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. This process was repeated individually for each analyte ion. The obtained capacities of AXAD-1180 were found to be 29,64, 13.45 and 6.49 µgg−1 for Cu (II), Ni(II), and Co (II), respectively. The stirring time is a measure of the contact time between the AXAD-1180 and sample solution. The effect of stirring time on metal recoveries was investigated by varying it from 3 to 150 minutes. In each case, 0.2 mg of AXAD-1180 was used, along with a 50 mL aqueous sample containing 1 mg of metals. The results (Fig. 6) showed that time variations in the range of 3-150 min had no significant influence on the adsorption of metal chelates on MWCNTs. It was discovered that SPE with AXAD-1180 and DMMDTC as chelating agents promotes immediate interaction between metal chelates and AXAD-1180. According to these results, AXAD-1180/DMMDTC exhibited good adsorption characteristics with an stirring time of about 3 min for 90–97% sorption. Analytical applications To validate the preconcentration method, the suggested approach has been successfully used to determine the amounts of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions in TMDA-70.2 Ontario lake water and CRM 1204 waste water certified reference materials ( Table 4 ). It was discovered that the values founded using the novel method and the certified values of reference materials were similar. This demonstrates that the novel method was used to examine analyte ions in actual samples. The proposed method was also used to separate and determine analytes from a wheat flour sample. The same sample was also analyzed by ICP-MS for comparison and almost similar results were observed (Table 5). Conclusions Using AXAD-1180 and DMMDTC, a new solid phase extraction method for UV-VIS spectrometric determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions at trace levels in wheat flour and water samples was developed. The method has the advantages of being basic, time-saving, sensitive, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and capable of determining the underlying metal ions in food samples as well as recognized reference materials. The matrix components had little impact on the nearly quantitative analyte ion recoveries. Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) concentrations can be determined by using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method previously described in micellar media containing TX-100 at pH 3.0–7.0 with DMMDTC as a chelating ligand. The DMMDTC ligand and the formation of stable complexes with the metal ions in the specific pH range also increase the selectivity of the proposed method with the spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). The complexation reagent is chosen based on its rapid and efficient reaction with metal ions, strength over a wide pH range, and water solubility. The advantage of DMMDTC is that it provides exceptional analytical qualities, particularly for the separation of heavy metals with these properties. The AXAD-1180N resin used in this study differs from other resins in its pore structure and volume, particle size, and surface area, it has been an advantage for our method that it can be regenerated and used repeatedly throughout our study. 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D., Curtius, A. J., Souza, S. S. de, & Barbosa, F. (2009). The use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of toxic and essential elements in different types of food samples. Food Chem. 112 (3), 727–732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.010 Narin, I., Tuzen, M., & Soylak, M. (2004). Aluminium determination in environmental samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after solid phase extraction on Amberlite XAD-1180/pyrocatechol violet chelating resin. Talanta , 63 (2), 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2003.11.005 Pinar Gumus, Z., & Soylak, M. (2021). Metal organic frameworks as nanomaterials for analysis of toxic metals in food and environmental applications. Trends Analyt Chem. 143 , 116417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2021.116417 Ramachandran, S., Coradin, T., Jain, P. K., & Verma, S. K. (2009). 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Biomass-derived versatile activated carbon removes both heavy metals and dye molecules from wastewater with near-unity efficiency: Mechanism and kinetics. Chemosphere , 287 , 132085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132085 Shokrollahi, A., Ghaedi, M., Hossaini, O., Khanjari, N., & Soylak, M. (2008). Cloud point extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry combination for copper(II) ion in environmental and biological samples. J Hazard Mater. 160 (2–3), 435–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.016 Soylak, M., & Unsal, Y. E. (2011). Use of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Disks for the SPE of Some Heavy Metals as 8-Hydroxquinoline Complexes. J AOAC Int. 94 (4), 1297–1303. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.4.1297 Soylak, M., & Uzun KARATEPE, A. (2003). Column Preconcentration/Separation and Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determinations of Some Heavy Metals in Table Salt Samples Using Amberlite XAD-1180. In Turk J Chem. (Vol. 27, Issue 2). https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem:https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem/vol27/iss2/11 Topuz, B. (2020). Simultaneous Spectrometric Determination of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) in Pharmaceutical and Environmental Samples with XAD-4/DMMDTC Solid-Phase Extraction System. Biol Trace Elem Res. 194 (1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01930-0 Topuz, B., Adanur, Ş. M., & Yalçuk, A. (2017). A new method for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions by preconcentration and spectrophotometric analysis. Turk J Chem . 41 (5). https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-1610-25 Topuz, B., & Macit, M. (2011). Solid phase extraction and preconcentration of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) in environmental samples on chemically modified Amberlite XAD-4 with a proper Schiff base. Environ. Monit. Assess.173 (1–4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1417-4 Wang, Z.-W., Nan, Z.-R., Wang, S.-L., & Zhao, Z.-J. (2011). Accumulation and distribution of cadmium and lead in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grown in contaminated soils from the oasis, north-west China. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91 (2), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4196 Xiang, H., Min, X., Tang, C. J., Sillanpää, M., & Zhao, F. (2022). Recent advances in membrane filtration for heavy metal removal from wastewater: A mini review. J. Water Process. Eng. 49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103023 Zhen, H. B., Xu, Q., Hu, Y. Y., & Cheng, J. H. (2012). Characteristics of heavy metals capturing agent dithiocarbamate (DTC) for treatment of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-Cu (EDTA-Cu) contaminated wastewater. Chem. Eng. 209 , 547–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.045 Tables Table 1 . Results of the examination of metal ion recovery performed before AXAD-1180N-DMMDTC column optimization . Metal Ions Amberlite XAD-1180N-DMMDTC Recovery % Pb(II) 80,4 Zn(II) 77,5 Cd(II) 63,2 Hg(II) 65,4 Cu(II) 104,6 Ni(II) 90,7 Co(II) 87,3 Mn(II) 12,8 Table 2 . Effect of foreign ions on recovery of Cu(II), Ni(II) ve Co(II) ions (pH: 5, sample volume: 50 mL N = 3). Recovery % İon Amount (μg) Added Cu(II) Ni(II) Co(II) K + 1/10000 KNO 3 96±2 97±3 96±1 Na + 1/10000 NaCl 100±3 90±3 86±5 Mg 2+ 1/10000 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 .7H 2 O 103±2 104±1 101±3 Fe 3+ 1/10000 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 86±4 90±2 92±5 Co 2+ 1/1000 Co(NO 3 ) 2 100±4 102±1 Zn 2+ 1/1000 Zn(NO 3 ) 2 94±3 85±5 90±2 Pb 2+ 1/1000 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 91±1 97±3 94±2 Cu 2+ 1/1000 Cu(NO 3 ) 2 99±3 102±2 Ca 2+ 1/500 Ca(CI) 2 .2H 2 O 102±3 104±1 102±3 PO 4 -3 1/10000 Na 2 HPO 4 .2H 2 O 91±6 94±2 94±4 NO 3 - 1/10000 KNO 3 103±2 102±2 101±4 I - 1/10000 KI 94±5 104±2 102±2 SO 4 -2 1/10000 Na 2 SO 4 102±3 103±2 100±4 F - 1/10000 NaF 103±2 104±1 91±2 CO 3 -2 1/10000 Na 2 CO 3 92±3 91±4 90±5 Cl- 1/10000 NaCl 90±2 100±3 90±6 Tablo 3. Analytical performance of proposed method for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) . Metal LOD ( µgL -1 ) LOQ ( µgL -1 ) % RSD Equation, y=mx+n Correlation coefficient (R 2 ) Cu(II) 4,4 13,7 4,61 y = 0,142x + 0,0198 0,9951 Ni(II) 39,6 50,7 2,88 y = 1,1133x + 0,7855 0,9971 Co(II) 21,5 32,7 1,40 y = 0,6409x + 0,1372 0,9972 Table 4 . Analysis of certified reference materials Metal İons Certified Reference Materials TMDA-70.2 (µgmL -1 ) CRM 1204 (µgmL -1 ) Certified value 1 Found 2 Recovery % Certified value 1 Found 2 Recover% Cu(II) 0,409±0,032 0,402±0,07 98,4 0,334±0,009 0,331±0,0316 99,1 Ni(II) 0,333±0,022 0,326±0,097 97,8 0,173±0,005 0,168±0,013 97,1 Co(II) 0,290±0,021 0,285±0,051 98,2 0,419±0,012 0,422±0,081 100,7 1: Reference value. 2: (x ± ts/ n ) ( n =3). Theoretical values at 95% confidence level. Table 5 . Results of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) analysis using ICP-MS and Amberlit XAD-1180/DMMDTC methods in wheat flour sample. Metal ions Wheat flour sample ICP-MS Metodu (µg/L) Proposed method (µg/L) Cu(II) 2,430±0,480 2,160±0,360 * Ni(II) 0,501±0,624 0,506±0,527 Co(II) 0,017±0,006 BDL BDL: Below the detection limit * (x ± ts/ n ) (n=3). Theoretical values at 95% confidence level . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editor assigned by journal 02 Feb, 2023 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Feb, 2023 First submitted to journal 18 Jan, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2491064","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":168935791,"identity":"745cbcca-9650-45b0-a366-82aec16310be","order_by":0,"name":"Berrin TOPUZ","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAxCRAGEzPkhsQOIS0AKmmA3gWg4Q0gKl2CQYidFizt777MPDHX/kzCXSn1U83HGYgZ89x4D54x7cWix7jhvPSDxjYGw5IyHtRuKZwwySPW8MGA48w+OwG2nMDIltBokbbiQcu5HYdhgokgPUgsdlBvefwbQkthWAtNgT1HKDDaYlmY0BbIsEAS2WPWCHGRtb9jxjlkg8k84jceZZwYEzeLSYsx9jZvzZJidnzp7+8OPPHdZy/O3JGx9U4NGCcCGU5gERxGhAaBkFo2AUjIJRgAEAjKxVIyr/LfsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Abant Izzet Baysal University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Berrin","middleName":"","lastName":"TOPUZ","suffix":""},{"id":168935792,"identity":"5f566e49-da46-4b9a-a124-98b211570325","order_by":1,"name":"Ece Talya ALTINIŞIK","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Abant Izzet Baysal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ece","middleName":"Talya","lastName":"ALTINIŞIK","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-01-18 09:59:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2491064/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2491064/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":32124796,"identity":"a8818d1e-0218-436f-998c-1594dfbb2725","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:26:42","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":53105,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eED-XRF spectrum and SEM images of AXAD-1180N resin\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/abb52aa125075915c422c932.png"},{"id":32126078,"identity":"9bb856e9-6dd4-4ee5-87f8-abab79385ff7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:42:42","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":142459,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eED-XRF spectrum and SEM images of Cu(II)-AXAD-1180 resin\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/18f4802e68ab1038a03abdf5.png"},{"id":32124798,"identity":"5ddebc4b-d8bd-49ad-937e-2302c174e942","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:26:42","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":180725,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eED-XRF spectrum and SEM images of Ni(II)-AXAD-1180 resin\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/5ced35a29e819f95cc1ebeef.png"},{"id":32126322,"identity":"7904fda8-e73e-455a-b8ca-0ddca810767f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:50:42","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":162158,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eED-XRF spectrum and SEM images of Co(II)-AXAD-1180 resin\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/81142e0e4354bd7b22587331.png"},{"id":32126077,"identity":"70d323d5-c800-47f8-b8ab-616b966ee5e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:42:42","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":4859,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePercent recovery of Cu(II), Ni(II) ve Co(II) as DMMDTC chelate as a function of pH. Amount of resin: 200 mg, complexing agent: 1 mL of 0.1% DMMDTC, Metal concentration: 0.5µg/mL, N =3\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/cb617a455e5d558b86bf9172.png"},{"id":32125901,"identity":"70c4bbed-38a3-4813-a638-654b70466ab9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:34:42","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5675,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of the sample flow rate on retention on the SPE column of metal ions\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/efafcead64c588423fcc7841.png"},{"id":32125903,"identity":"5cab445b-e73f-4dbc-9f37-bfbe9dbe9c61","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:34:43","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5552,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of the DMMDTC amount used as a chelating ligand for \u0026nbsp;the metal ions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/9e399ae5d2d3e17dbd7118ae.png"},{"id":32125897,"identity":"247ba3b4-9ae8-4a2c-8056-5eef10a7fb90","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:34:42","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of eluent type \u0026nbsp;on the elution of metal ions from the SPE column.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/e65fc9a9ecb21f80813ce8f9.png"},{"id":32124807,"identity":"5c2f981f-84ca-4fa7-a1c1-6493505bfbf9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:26:43","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5367,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of the eluent volume on recovery of metal ions\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/c642c12798905975dd3976e2.png"},{"id":32124803,"identity":"c0e9f2ce-578c-4dae-b394-9041f54495c1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:26:43","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6566,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of the eluent flow rate on recovery of metal ions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/ecbf890b473a97e96a933f4b.png"},{"id":32124805,"identity":"017314ae-4cbf-407e-a4d6-18ceafbae785","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:26:43","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5087,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of the sample volume on recovery of metal ions\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/39124904074807e1dca34242.png"},{"id":32125902,"identity":"426cf838-60d0-475a-a29d-3e56723d05ab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:34:43","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6072,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eInfluence of stirring time on sorption of analyte ions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinedrawingimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/1f48b7d6016e3090a992c162.png"},{"id":32126324,"identity":"28c31f19-5e90-4212-be57-82281db682ce","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-27 15:50:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1014940,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2491064/v1/ef71729d-38a3-41a4-af1a-1bd12535ece0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) in food and environmental samples by the application of chelate adsorption on Amberlite XAD-1180","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eCereals and their by-products are the important part of daily diet (Cheli et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). The major cereals are wheat, rice, oats, barley, rye, corn and millet. Among them, wheat is one of the most consumed cereals. They are grown on nearly 60% of the cultivated area in the world (Koehler et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Because of their high average consumption, cereal products are considered among the primary dietary sources of heavy metals (Conti et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e). It is well known that plants grown in contaminated soil by heavy metals are a major route of entry for heavy metals in to the food chain. Due to their not biodegradability, metals accumulate in tissues and their amounts increase gradually along the food chain (Wang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Cheli et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e); Farooq et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeavy metal ions including cobalt, nickel, and cobalt ions are significant environmental contaminants(Mitra et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e ; Masindi \u0026amp; Muedi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e)]. Because they can gradually accumulate in a person's body through the food chain and endanger human health (Pinar Gumus \u0026amp; Soylak, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The main applications for copper are in the production of paints and pigments, tanneries, fertilizers, and baths for cleaning and plating. A higher copper content consumed over time may result in lung cancer, liver damage, renal damage, sleeplessness, Wilson disease, vomiting, and diarrhea. The U.S. EPA has set a 1.3 mg/L copper maximum allowable level(Mi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Ge et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Aksu \u0026amp; Işoǧlu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e). Vasodilation, flushing, and cardiomyopathy are some of the toxicological consequences that cobalt can cause (Linna et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). A frequently utilized heavy metal ion and hazardous substance is nickel. Chemical industries, electroplating, mining, refining, and paint and ink formulation units are some of the sources of its toxicity (Genchi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Ma et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Thus, it is essential to create a technique that is quick, simple, inexpensive, and sensitive to track the extensive diffusion of trace metal pollutants in the environment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor the accurate and precise determination of toxic metal ions in food, modern instrumental techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Nardi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e), flame /graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS/GFAAS) (Abbasi Tarighat, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; S\u0026aacute;nchez-Moreno et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e), and electroanalytical techniques ((Jin Mei \u0026amp; Ainliah Alang Ahmad, 2021)) are important. Because of their low concentration and strong ion impact interference from numerous food additives, proteins, bases, salts, and acids, determining the presence of heavy metal contamination in food samples is significantly more challenging ((Li et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral sample preconcentration-separation techniques, including liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (Commitre), cloud point extraction (Lemos et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e; Shokrollahi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e), membrane filtration ((Ali et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), (Xiang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), and solid phase extraction (Soylak \u0026amp; Unsal, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e;El Ouardi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e: Shahryari et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), have been used to enhance sensitivity and selectivity in heavy metal determination and overcome these limitations. Prior to spectrometric analysis, solid phase extraction (SPE) has been frequently utilized to selectively preconcentrate different oxidation states. Due to its advantages, including its quickness, selectivity, usability, minimal sample volume needs, low volume utilization of hazardous organic solvents, and absence of dependence on ultra-pure solvents. (Berrueta et al.). As solid phase sorbents, activated carbon (Sherugar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Imran-Shaukat et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) graphene oksit (Adel et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Naeimi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), silika ((He et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Ramachandran et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e), Amberlit XAD-2 (Gupta et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), XAD-7 (Arias et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e ; XAD-4 (Topuz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Topuz \u0026amp; Macit, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e ;Kocaoba, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e)), and AXAD-1180 (Soylak \u0026amp; Uzun KARATEPE, 2003; Hazer et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Narin et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e) ) have all been used to preconcentrate and determine metal ion traces.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn studies on solid-phase extraction, a functional chelating group is added to the sorbent. The development of new sorbents containing functional groups, chemically bonding functional groups on existing sorbents (immobilized or functionalized sorbents), and physically bonding the groups on the sorbent by impregnating the solid sorbent with a solution containing the chelating ligand are the three distinct methods that can be used for this purpose (coated, impregnated or loaded sorbents). Alternatively, in solid-phase extraction investigations where the production of a chelate compound is used, a chelating agent may be directly added to the sample when the metal-chelate is retained on a suitable sorbent (Laskar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Moulay, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e)).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDithiocarbamates were added to an aqueous phase containing a variety of metals. Ammonium pyrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC), hexamethylenedithiocarbamate (HMDC), and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) reagent were among the dithiocarbamates used. DTCs can generate colorful chelates that are stable during SPE separation procedures when heavy metal ions such as Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) are used. The formed metaldithiocarbamate complexes were then extracted with a solid phase, such as silica gel, polyurethane foam, activated carbon, or amberlite XAD resins. (Abu-El-Halawa \u0026amp; Zabin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e;Zhen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Beyramabadi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e) DTCs also don't interact with alkali or alkaline earth metals to create complexes (Cesur \u0026amp; Aksu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e). By using an appropriate and efficient ligand for the measurement of trace metals without immobilization and loading the reaction onto the solid phase in actual samples, including alkali and alkaline earth metals, a selective and efficient solid phase extraction method may be developed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModern enstrumental techniques are not as selective, straightforward, quick, adaptable, or economical as UV-VIS spectrophotometry based on complex-forming chemicals. Because metal DTC complexes have a high UV absorbance after solvent extraction using nonpolar organic solvents, UV-Vis spectrophotometry is often used to analyze them (Balakrishnan et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the presented study, a new solid-phase extraction method was developed for the preconcentration and separation of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions. In an earlier study, a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method using dimethyl morpholine dithiocarbamate (DMMDTC) was used to identify metal ions at the submilligram per ml level in a surfactant medium (Triton X-100).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials And Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReagents and Apparatus\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Stock solutions \u0026nbsp;of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions were prepared from 1000 mgL-1 high purity compounds (in 0,5 molL-1 HNO3) , supplied by (Merck). Other used chemicals were of analytical grade of Merck (Germany).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pH values adjusted with HCl, NaOH, Sorenson\u0026rsquo;s buffer and Ammonium buffer to pH s below 3.73, in the range (4-6) and in the range (7-10), respectively.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmberlite XAD-1180 resin (surface area: 600 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e/g, pore diameter: 140 ˚A) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). AXAD-1180 cleaned with 10 ml metanol, 1 molL-1 HNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (in acetone), 1 molL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e NaOH, acetone, and deionized water, respectively, before use to remove contaminants both organic and inorganic that may have remained after the resin\u0026apos;s synthesis. AXAD-1180 that had been treated was dried at 105 \u0026deg;C and kept for future use2,6-Dimethlmorpholinedithiocarbamate (DMMDTC) was synthesis using the same method as our prior investigation (Topuz et al., 2017) and then diluted to a concentration of 0.1% (m/v).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNIST, TMDA-70.2 (Environmental Matrix Reference Material Canada) and CRM 1204 wastewater (Tubitak -UME, Turkey)\u0026nbsp;were used as certified reference materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUltra-pure water (18 M\u0026Omega; cm\u0026ndash;1) was produced using a water treatment system (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). UV-VIS Spectroscopy was used to measure the analyte ions in a 1-cm quartz cuvette (Spectroquant Pharo 300, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) (190\u0026ndash;1100 nm). An ISOLab pH meter was used to measure pH. A lead fluid peristaltic pump with a flow-rate-adjustable BT/101S model was used to pump the fluid into the resin column that was positioned vertically. An analytical balance (Radwag, Radom, Poland) with a sensitivity of 0.00001 was used to determine the solid weights.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe morphologies of the raw AXAD-1180 (without metal ions) and the loaded with metal ions\u0026nbsp;was observed with EDX (SHIMATZU, Carl Zeiss AG - EVO 50). Perkin Elmer-SCIEX ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS was used for the parallel analyses of the samples to be compared.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreparation of the SPE column\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effective length and inner diameter of the glass preconcentration column are 100 mm and 10 mm, respectively. 200 mg of AXAD-1180 resin were soaked in 25 mL of ultra-deionized water to create a slurry. Glass cotton was positioned at the bottom and top of the column, and the column was packed with resin to ensure appropriate settling of the AXAD-1180 during sample loading.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDe-ionized water was used to clean the column, and then 1 M nitric acid and 1 M hydrochloric acid were used to condition it. After each experiment, the resin in the column was washed thoroughly with 1 M nitric acid, deionized water and with appropriated buffer solution.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePre-Investigation of Metal ions recovery in AXAD-1180/ DMMDTC Solid Phase Extraction\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreliminary research was conducted on the adsorption and recovery yields of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) metal ions for the AXAD-1180/DMMDTC SPE method (Table 1). \u0026nbsp;According to the results, the highest recovery was achieved for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions. Co(II) recovery was lower than Cu(II) and Ni(II) recovery. However, by using XAD-1180N-DMMDTC column optimization, this value was achieved at a rate of more than 90%.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA sorensons\u0026nbsp;buffer solution was passed through the AXAD-1180 column to precondition it (pH 5). 50 mL of a solution containing 10 g of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) (from each) were prepared. 1 mL of 0.1% (w/v) DMMDTC chelating agent was added to the solution after the pH was adjusted to the desired value (in the range 2-10). The solution was passed through the column filled with AXAD1180 at a flow rate of 8.5 mL min-1 after waiting for the production of metal-DMMDTC chelates for 10 minutes. At a flow rate of 5.5 mL min-1, 10 mL of 1 mol L-1 HNO3 in Acetone were used to elute the metal ions that had been retained on the column. By using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method that was carried out in accordance with prior descriptions in our investigations, the concentration of the metal ions was determined.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDetermination of Metal Ions.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) concentrations can be determined by using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method previously described in micellar media containing TX-100 at pH 3.0-7.0 with DMMDTC as a chelating ligand (Topuz et al., 2017). The selectivity of the proposed method for the spectrophotometric determination of the metal ions is increased due to the DMMDTC ligand and the formation of stable complexes with the metal ions in the specific pH range.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicrowave Digestion Microwave digestion procedure was applied for\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ewheat flour sample\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a microwave digestion system, 0.4 gram of wheat flour samples were digested with 5 mL of HNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (65%) and 1 mL of H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (30%) and diluted to 25 mL with deionized water. In the same way, a blank digest was performed. Every sample solution was clear. The microwave system digestion conditions were 5 minutes for 170\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC, 30 bar, 15 minutes for 190\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC, 35 bar, and 10 minutes for 50\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC, 25 bar, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacterization of AXAD-1180 resin and the metal ion adsorption\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen compared to the image of AXAD-1180, SEM images of AXAD-1180 resin loaded with the investigated metal ions show surface modifications. This modification might be explained by the metal ions bonding to the surface of the AXAD-1180 resin (fig. 1-4.).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimization of the retention conditions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInfluence of the sample pH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most important characteristic among the evaluated variables for the adsorption of metals on the AXAD-1180 was found to be pH. The pH of a 50 mL sample solution containing 1 mg L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions was adjusted to be in the range of 0.62-9.97 in order to assess the impact of pH on the retention efficiency. As can be seen in Fig. 5, The quantitative retention of the metal ions on the AXAD-1180 was obtained after pH 4.3. Due to hydrolysis, pH above 10.0 was not tested. Finally, a pH of 5 was chosen for further studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInfluence of the sample flow rate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo optimize the sample flow rate, 50 mL solutions of 1 mg L\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions were pH-adjusted to 5.0 before being pumped through the column at rates ranging from 1,76 to 11.76 mLmin\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. The results (Fig. 6) showed that the retention of the heavy metals on AXAD-1180 was unaffected by the sample flow rate fluctuation in this range. However, a 3 mL min-1 sample flow rate was chosen since a slow sample flow rate lengthens the analytical process.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInfluence of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ethe volume of DMMDTC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chelating compound DTC is effective in interacting with a variety of metal ions to create stable complexes. The effectiveness of these metal chelates\u0026apos; enrichment depends on the amount of DTC present. In this experiment, the volume of 0.1 KDMMDTC was examined at between 50 and 2000 L. The experimental findings displayed in Fig. 7 demonstrated that as the volume of DMMDTC increased in this range, the extraction efficiencies of all metal chelates increased. In order to save reagent, the following experiments used DMMDTC of 1mL.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimization of the elution conditions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelection type, concentration and volume of eluent\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor desorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions from AXAD-1180, series of selected eluents, such as 1 molL-1 HNO3, 1 molL-1 HCl, %2,5 CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCOOH, Acetone, 2 molL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e HCl, 0.5 ,1 and 2 molL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e HNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e in acetone were used. In the end, it was discovered that 1 molL-1 HNO3 in acetone enabled for a successful elution of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions from AXAD-1180 (fig.8). The volume effect of 1 molL-1 HNO3 as eluent on the recovery of the metal ions was also studied. Quantitative recovery was possible with 10 mL of 1 molL-1 HNO3 in acetone, as shown in fig. 9. The remaining experiments, then, employed quantities of 10 mL of eluent for desorption of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II).\u0026nbsp;It was also investigated how the eluent flow rate affected the recovery of metals. Quantitative recoveries for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) were obtained at flow rates ranging from 1,42 to 7,59 mLmin\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e with 1 molL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e HNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e in acetone. There was no significant difference between the results (Fig. 10). A low elution flow rate should be used to allow enough time for the solid phase and eluent to reach equilibrium. For the following experiments, an eluent flow rate of 2 mLmin\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e was selected.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of the volume of sample solutions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge volumes of actual samples were preconcentrated because there weren\u0026apos;t many heavy metal concentrations. In order to determine the maximum volume of sample solution, a metal ion solution volume was increased while maintaining a constant ion concentration (0.1 mg of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II)).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe metal ion standart sample solutions in volumes ranging from 50 to 1200 mL were passed through the column. \u0026nbsp;The results (Fig. 11) showed that a sample volume of up to 750 mL could be obtained for the simultaneous quantitative recovery of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) on AXAD-1180.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect of the interfering\u0026nbsp;ions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo investigate the effects of various cations and anions found in wheat flour and environmental\u0026nbsp;samples, alkaline, alkaline earth, transition metals, and widespread anions were added to 100 mL of solution containing 0.01 mg of Cu (II), Ni(II), and Co (II). Table 2 shows the level of tolerance for foreign ions. From the tolerance data, it can be seen that the potentially interfering ions have no significant effects on the preconcentration of Cu (II), Ni(II), and Co (II) ions with the proposed method.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalytical performances of the AXAD-1180/DMMDTC SPE method.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder optimal conditions, the analytical performance of the AXAD-1180/DMMDTC SPE method was investigated.\u0026nbsp;Table 3 summarizes the proposed method\u0026apos;s analytical performance.\u0026nbsp;The calibration curves\u0026apos; correlation coefficients (R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) were in the 0.9951-0.9972 range. The method\u0026apos;s relative standard deviations (RSD) were found to be \u0026lt;4.6% \u0026nbsp;for all metal ions. As a result of the obtained RSD values, it can be concluded that the proposed procedure demonstrated good repeatability. The limit of detection, defined as three times the standard deviation of a reagent blank (N = 10), was determined to be 4.4, 39.6, and 21.5 \u0026micro;gL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Adsorption Characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdsorption capacity of the sorbent is an important factor to consider when evaluating it because it determines how so much AXAD 1180/DMMDTC is required in a given solution. A batch technique was employed to assess the AXAD-1180\u0026apos;s ability to adsorb with DMMDTC. The following ingredients were added to a 50-mL aqueous solution: 0.2 g AXAD-1180, 1 mL 0.1% DMMDTC, and 10 mg \u0026nbsp;the metal ions at pH 5.5. After 24 hours of shaking, the mixture was filtered. One milliliter of the supernatant solution was diluted to 50 mL, and the metal ions were determined using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. This process was repeated individually for each analyte ion. The obtained capacities of AXAD-1180 were found to be 29,64, 13.45 and 6.49 \u0026micro;gg\u0026minus;1 for Cu (II), Ni(II), and Co (II), respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe stirring time is a measure of the contact time between the AXAD-1180 and sample solution. The effect of stirring time on metal recoveries was investigated by varying it from 3 to 150 minutes. In each case, 0.2 mg of AXAD-1180 was used, along with a 50 mL aqueous sample containing 1 mg of metals. The results (Fig. 6) showed that time variations in the range of 3-150 min had no significant influence on the adsorption of metal chelates on MWCNTs.\u0026nbsp;It was discovered that SPE with AXAD-1180 and DMMDTC as chelating agents promotes immediate interaction between metal chelates and AXAD-1180. According to these results, AXAD-1180/DMMDTC exhibited good adsorption characteristics with an stirring time of about 3 min for 90\u0026ndash;97% sorption.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalytical applications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo validate the preconcentration method, the suggested approach has been successfully used to determine the amounts of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions in TMDA-70.2 Ontario lake water and CRM 1204 waste water certified reference\u0026nbsp;materials (\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814616301522#t0020\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/a\u003e). It was discovered that the values founded using the novel method and the certified values of reference materials were similar. This demonstrates that the novel method was used to examine analyte ions in actual samples. The proposed method was also used to separate and determine analytes from a wheat flour sample. The same sample was also analyzed by ICP-MS for comparison and almost similar results were observed (Table 5).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eUsing AXAD-1180 and DMMDTC, a new solid phase extraction method for UV-VIS spectrometric determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions at trace levels in wheat flour and water samples was developed. The method has the advantages of being basic, time-saving, sensitive, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and capable of determining the underlying metal ions in food samples as well as recognized reference materials. The matrix components had little impact on the nearly quantitative analyte ion recoveries. Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) concentrations can be determined by using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method previously described in micellar media containing TX-100 at pH 3.0\u0026ndash;7.0 with DMMDTC as a chelating ligand. The DMMDTC ligand and the formation of stable complexes with the metal ions in the specific pH range also increase the selectivity of the proposed method with the spectrophotometric determination of Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). The complexation reagent is chosen based on its rapid and efficient reaction with metal ions, strength over a wide pH range, and water solubility. The advantage of DMMDTC is that it provides exceptional analytical qualities, particularly for the separation of heavy metals with these properties.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe AXAD-1180N resin used in this study differs from other resins in its pore structure and volume, particle size, and surface area, it has been an advantage for our method that it can be regenerated and used repeatedly throughout our study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank the Scientific Research Projects Unit of Abant Izzet Baysal University (Project No.\u0026nbsp;2018.09.04.1379) for partial financial support.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclosure statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eORCID\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBerrin Topuz\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-3921\"\u003ehttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0374-3921\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003cp\u003eAbbasi Tarighat, M. 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Eng.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e209\u003c/em\u003e, 547\u0026ndash;557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.045\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Results of the examination of metal ion recovery performed before AXAD-1180N-DMMDTC column optimization\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\" style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\n \u003ctable style=\"width:418.8pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 170.05pt;border-color: windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid none;border-width: 2.25pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Metal Ions\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border-color: windowtext currentcolor rgb(127, 127, 127);border-style: solid none;border-width: 2.25pt medium 1pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eAmberlite XAD-1180N-DMMDTC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext;border-style: none none solid;border-width: medium medium 2.25pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height: 150%;\"\u003eRecovery %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170.05pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003ePb(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e80,4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170.05pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eZn(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e77,5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170.05pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eCd(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e63,2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170.05pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eHg(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e65,4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170.05pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eCu(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e104,6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170.05pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eNi(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e90,7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170.05pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eCo(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e87,3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170.05pt;border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext;border-style: none none solid;border-width: medium medium 2.25pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eMn(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 248.75pt;border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext;border-style: none none solid;border-width: medium medium 2.25pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.6pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e12,8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:16px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Effect of foreign ions on recovery of Cu(II), Ni(II) ve Co(II) ions (pH: 5, sample volume: 50 mL N = 3).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border: none;width:411.2pt;border-collapse:collapse;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.65pt;border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:15.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:64.55pt;border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:15.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:105.35pt;border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:15.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:182.65pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.5pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:15.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eRecovery %\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:24.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eİon\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:64.55pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:24.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eAmount (\u0026mu;g)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:105.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:24.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eAdded\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:61.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:24.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;Cu(II)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:24.4pt;\"\u003e\n 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e-2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:64.55pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1/10000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:105.35pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNa\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:61.15pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;102\u0026plusmn;3\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.45pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e103\u0026plusmn;2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.95pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e100\u0026plusmn;4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.65pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eF\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:64.55pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1/10000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:105.35pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNaF\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:61.15pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;103\u0026plusmn;2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.45pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e104\u0026plusmn;1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.95pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e91\u0026plusmn;2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.65pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:64.55pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1/10000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:105.35pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNa\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:61.15pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;92\u0026plusmn;3\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.45pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e91\u0026plusmn;4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.95pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:13.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e90\u0026plusmn;5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eCl-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:64.55pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1/10000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:105.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNaCl\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:61.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;90\u0026plusmn;2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.45pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e100\u0026plusmn;3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:60.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt;height:14.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e90\u0026plusmn;6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:16px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;line-height:115%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eTablo 3.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Analytical performance of proposed method for Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 4.5e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61.15pt;border-color: windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid none;border-width: 2.25pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 44.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:28.35pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:1.7pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMetal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:66.45pt;border-top:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:44.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eLOD (\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026micro;gL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:51.35pt;border-top:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:44.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eLOQ (\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026micro;gL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.9pt;border-top:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:44.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e% RSD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:130.85pt;border-top:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:44.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eEquation, y=mx+n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:79.6pt;border-top:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:44.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eCorrelation coefficient\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e(R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61.15pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCu(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.9pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e4,4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:56.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:24.9pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e13,7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:24.9pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4,61\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:130.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:24.9pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003ey = 0,142x + 0,0198\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:79.6pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:24.9pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0,9951\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61.15pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 20.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eNi(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.9pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 20.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e39,6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:56.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:20.65pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e50,7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.9pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:20.65pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e2,88\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:130.85pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:20.65pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003ey = 1,1133x + 0,7855\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:79.6pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:20.65pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0,9971\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61.15pt;border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext;border-style: none none solid;border-width: medium medium 2.25pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCo(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.9pt;border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext;border-style: none none solid;border-width: medium medium 2.25pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e21,5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:56.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:23.9pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e32,7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:23.9pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1,40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:130.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:23.9pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003ey = 0,6409x + 0,1372\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:79.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 2.25pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:23.9pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0,9972\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:16px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp; Analysis of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003ecertified reference materials\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 4.7e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 49.3pt;border: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 4.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eMetal İons\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 416.05pt;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 4.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCertified Reference Materials\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 205.6pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 18.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eTMDA-70.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e(\u0026micro;gmL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 210.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 18.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCRM 1204\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e(\u0026micro;gmL\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 33.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCertified value\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 33.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eFound\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57.4pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 33.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eRecovery %\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 33.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCertified value\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 33.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eFound\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.55pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 33.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eRecover%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 26.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCu(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 26.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,409\u0026plusmn;0,032\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 26.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,402\u0026plusmn;0,07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57.4pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 26.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e98,4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 26.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,334\u0026plusmn;0,009\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 26.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,331\u0026plusmn;0,0316\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.55pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 26.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e99,1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eNi(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,333\u0026plusmn;0,022\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,326\u0026plusmn;0,097\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57.4pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e97,8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,173\u0026plusmn;0,005\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,168\u0026plusmn;0,013\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.55pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e97,1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eCo(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73.95pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,290\u0026plusmn;0,021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74.25pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,285\u0026plusmn;0,051\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57.4pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e98,2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 74.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,419\u0026plusmn;0,012\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80.45pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e0,422\u0026plusmn;0,081\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 55.55pt;border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e100,7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e1:\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:#2E2E2E;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;Reference value.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e2: (x \u0026plusmn; ts/ n )\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp; (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e=3). Theoretical values at 95% confidence level.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:16px;line-height:107%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eResults of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) analysis using ICP-MS and Amberlit XAD-1180/DMMDTC methods in wheat flour sample.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:454.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.75pt;border-color: windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid none;border-width: 2.25pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eMetal ions\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 369.1pt;border-color: windowtext currentcolor;border-style: solid none;border-width: 2.25pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eWheat flour sample\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134pt;border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext;border-style: none none solid;border-width: medium medium 2.25pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:center;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eICP-MS Metodu\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e(\u0026micro;g/L)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 235.1pt;border-color: currentcolor currentcolor windowtext;border-style: none none solid;border-width: medium medium 2.25pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:left;text-indent:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Proposed method\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e(\u0026micro;g/L)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height: 150%;\"\u003eCu(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e2,430\u0026plusmn;0,480\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 235.1pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e2,160\u0026plusmn;0,360\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.75pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height: 150%;\"\u003eNi(II)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 134pt;border: medium none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 22.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan 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style='margin-right:0in;margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:35.45pt;line-height:150%;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eBDL\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eBDL: Below the detection limit\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e(x \u0026plusmn; ts/ n ) \u0026nbsp;(n=3). Theoretical values at 95% confidence level\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"food-analytical-methods","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Food Analytical Methods](https://www.springer.com/journal/12161)","snPcode":"12161","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12161/3","title":"Food Analytical Methods","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Solid-phase extraction, Amberlite XAD-1180, 2,6-dimetilmorpholinedithiocarbamate, Heavy metal ions, Wheat flour","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2491064/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2491064/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA simultaneous preconcentration and determination procedure for solid phase extraction on AXAD-1180 as 2,6-dimethlmorpholinedithiocarbamate (DMMDTC) chelates and spectrophotometric determinations of Cu (II), Ni (II), and Co (II) in food and environmental samples is proposed in the present work. The effect of some SPE parameters, such as reagent amount, sample pH, eluent type, concentration, and volume, sample and eluent flow rate, and sample volume, on trace metal ion recovery (R%) for the method developed in the standard model solution medium was investigated. Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) retained as DMMDTC complexes on Amberlite XAD-1180 were eluted with 10 mL of 1 M HNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (in acetone). Foreign ions were also studied individually on the recovery of trace metal ions using the developed method. Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions were preconcentrated and separated from the sample using the developed SPE method, and their concentrations were simultaneously determined using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe spectrophotometric determination was made by measuring the absorbance of colored chelates of metal ions complexed with DMMDTC in a surfactant medium (1% Triton X-100) at wavelengths of 460, 328, and 342 nm for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II), respectively. To test the method's accuracy, certified reference materials (CRM 1204 waste water and TMDA-70.2 Ontario lake water) were analyzed using the proposed method, and metal recoveries were calculated to be between 97.1% and 100.7%. The proposed method worked well with the wheat flour sample. Wheat flour has Cu(II) and Ni(II) contents of 2,16 \u0026micro;gmL\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and 0,56 \u0026micro;gmL\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) in food and environmental samples by the application of chelate adsorption on Amberlite XAD-1180","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-01-27 15:26:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2491064/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2023-02-02T23:11:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2023-02-02T23:11:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Food Analytical Methods","date":"2023-01-18T09:53:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"food-analytical-methods","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Food Analytical Methods](https://www.springer.com/journal/12161)","snPcode":"12161","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12161/3","title":"Food Analytical Methods","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6020add1-b1b3-4fd0-a897-1cf1bd4a20be","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 27th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-03-09T20:29:10+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-01-27 15:26:38","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2491064","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2491064","identity":"rs-2491064","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}