The potential use of ultrasound-assisted bleaching in removing heavy metals and pigments from soybean oil using kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium modeling: Linear and nonlinear approach and error analysis

The potential use of ultrasound-assisted bleaching in removing heavy metals and pigments from soybean oil using kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium modeling: Linear and nonlinear approach and error analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The potential use of ultrasound-assisted bleaching in removing heavy metals and pigments from soybean oil using kinetic, thermodynamic and equilibrium modeling: Linear and nonlinear approach and error analysis Elahe Abedi, Mohammad Javad Amiri, Mehran Sayadi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-160420/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 2 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this research, the sorption behavior (kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic modeling) of heavy metals (Cu (II) and Fe (II)) and pigments (carotenoid and chlorophyll) on activated bentonite clay was investigated for soybean oil under industrial (IBM) and ultrasonic bleaching method (UBM). The results indicated that a nonlinear fitting approach with a higher coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and lower Chi-square (χ 2 ) values was more appropriate to estimate kinetic and isotherm parameters than the linear fitting approach. The adsorption of metal ions and pigments on activated bentonite clay under UBM was quite well by the pseudo-first-order model. In both bleaching methods, the equilibrium adsorption data follows the Freundlich isotherm model, presenting the sorption occurrence tends to be on a heterogeneous surface by multi-layer adsorption. The results indicated that the adsorption thermodynamics was endothermic nature and the process was spontaneous between 35 and 65 ˚C. Food Science & Technology Adsorption Modeling Freundlich Bentonite clay Endothermic Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the latest manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major Revision 25 Feb, 2021 First submitted to journal 20 Jan, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-160420","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":12986444,"identity":"5a9ffdca-84ef-474a-8e6f-76fce67f716d","order_by":0,"name":"Elahe 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effect of ultrasonication on the reduction of particle size and cleaning of surface.","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-160420/v1/a6d09bc38073dfbb79480b94.png"},{"id":6262547,"identity":"3f90d350-2aea-4778-be7e-8f7a79c04b2d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-23 16:10:23","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":44373,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The experimental kinetic data and predicted values of Fe(II) ions on bentonite clay under IBM (a), UBM-25 kHz (b) and UBM-40 kHz (c) for soybean oil.","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-160420/v1/3122c420fc7578954aede9b8.png"},{"id":6263009,"identity":"ff5c70ca-cf9c-40b6-a941-811ef85be901","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-23 16:16:24","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":46664,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The experimental kinetic data and predicted values of Cu (II) ions on bentonite clay under IBM (a), UBM-25 kHz (b) and UBM-40 kHz (c) for soybean oil.","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-160420/v1/9519a40ed195418f169d8baa.png"},{"id":6262548,"identity":"b8e46a57-7e70-41f6-9125-351069ef0465","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-23 16:10:23","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":45290,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The experimental kinetic data and predicted values of Carotenoid on bentonite clay under IBM (a), UBM-25 kHz (b) and UBM-40 kHz (c) for soybean oil.","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-160420/v1/23f8813d4ba3ecde5d79b7a2.png"},{"id":6262830,"identity":"a389b9cd-7f12-48c6-9194-b61b2d07382b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-23 16:13:23","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":44186,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The experimental kinetic data and predicted values of Chlrophyl on bentonite clay under IBM (a), UBM-25 kHz (b) and UBM-40 kHz (c) for soybean oil.","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-160420/v1/58aa14a017a80085a81b909a.png"},{"id":6262551,"identity":"1917f19c-9927-4d52-b11d-4a2652d7d825","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-23 16:10:24","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":50174,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The influence of temperature for the adsorption of (a) Fe(II); (b) Cu(II); (c) carotenoid; and (d) chlorophyll onto activated bentonite clay under IBM and UBM. Industrial bleaching method (IBM), Ultrasonic bleaching method (UBM).","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-160420/v1/ca3a8e83713fa14b41eaa3a4.png"},{"id":6262833,"identity":"6b9d39d9-ccc1-4808-b228-8f806c55b1e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-23 16:13:24","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":49725,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Plot of ln(Kd) versus 1/T for the adsorption of Fe(II) on activated bentonite clay under (a) IBM, (b) UBM-25 kHz, and (c) UBM-40 kHz. 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