Deep neural network-enabled Multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial devices

Deep neural network-enabled Multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial devices | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Deep neural network-enabled Multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial devices Jing Li, Rui Cai, Huanyang Chen, BinYi Ma, Qiannan Wu, Mengwei Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4424905/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Under the support of deep neural networks (DNN), a multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial (THz MMs) device is designed and optimized. This device not only achieves ideal ultra-wideband (UWB) absorption in the THz frequency range but enables dual-functional polarization transformation over UWB. When vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) is in the metallic state, the device as a UWB absorber with an absorption rate exceeding 90% in the 2.43 ~ 10 THz range, with a relative bandwidth (RBW) of 145.2%, and its wideband absorption performance is insensitive to polarization. When VO 2 is in the insulating state, the device can switch to a polarization converter, achieving conversions from linear to cross polarization and from linear to circular polarization in the ranges of 4.58 ~ 10 THz and 4.16 ~ 4.43 THz, respectively. Within the 4.58 ~ 10 THz range, the polarization conversion ratio approaches 100% with an RBW of 74.3%, the polarization rotation angle is near 90°. Within the 4.16 ~ 4.43 THz range, the RBW is 6.29% and the ellipticity ratio approaches 1, Moreover, the effects of incident angle and polarization angle on the operational characteristics are studied. This THz MMs due to its advantages of wide angle, broad bandwidth, and high efficiency, provides valuable references for the research of new multifunctional THz devices. Physical sciences/Physics Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical materials and structures Absorber Deep neural networks (DNN) Polarization converter Multifunctional Dual-wideband (UWB) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 24 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 24 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 23 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 27 May, 2024 Editor invited by journal 16 May, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 16 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 15 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4424905","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":306598841,"identity":"a5222e8a-fc39-4d14-8e3c-bebdc18a0504","order_by":0,"name":"Jing Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jing","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":306598842,"identity":"913f11e9-eb3d-4f67-8f5b-e5fda454f549","order_by":1,"name":"Rui Cai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rui","middleName":"","lastName":"Cai","suffix":""},{"id":306598843,"identity":"988426a5-b77a-4283-9ebd-efdbf012119e","order_by":2,"name":"Huanyang Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiamen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huanyang","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":306598844,"identity":"8aaec873-e762-4fe3-a515-afd9026c34bf","order_by":3,"name":"BinYi Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"BinYi","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":306598845,"identity":"9e2de3f1-fab7-46ac-9199-0183ee870e90","order_by":4,"name":"Qiannan Wu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA20lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZgTrAIQ+QLwWtgQitSAAjwFxWviOMz97XFBzJ7GfvefbY54aBjm+GwmMnwvwaJE8zGZuPOPYs8SZPWe3G/McYzCWvJHALD0DjxaDwwxm0jxsh3M33MjdJs3bwJC44UYCGzMPXi3s36R5/oG05DwDaaknQguPmTRvG1gLG0hLggEhLZKHecqkefsO18/sOWYmOeeYhOHMMw+bpfFp4Tt/fJs0z7fDxvzszc8k3tTYyPMdTz74GZ8W9FiQAGLGBnwaSIrrUTAKRsEoGKkAAGJmSal9usQNAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"North University of China","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiannan","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":306598846,"identity":"3e9803c9-7893-465d-9d2d-9dd3751500f4","order_by":5,"name":"Mengwei Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mengwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-15 11:41:35","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4424905/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4424905/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69875-6","type":"published","date":"2024-08-27T15:57:30+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63821262,"identity":"23b91b38-dbe7-4cb0-b335-0dea8d210c1c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-02 16:13:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2103869,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4424905/v1_covered_a20c6350-1909-461d-8e6c-b5a5b129b0d4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Deep neural network-enabled Multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial devices","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Absorber, Deep neural networks (DNN), Polarization converter, Multifunctional, Dual-wideband (UWB)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4424905/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4424905/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUnder the support of deep neural networks (DNN), a multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial (THz MMs) device is designed and optimized. This device not only achieves ideal ultra-wideband (UWB) absorption in the THz frequency range but enables dual-functional polarization transformation over UWB. When vanadium dioxide (VO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) is in the metallic state, the device as a UWB absorber with an absorption rate exceeding 90% in the 2.43\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;10 THz range, with a relative bandwidth (RBW) of 145.2%, and its wideband absorption performance is insensitive to polarization. When VO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e is in the insulating state, the device can switch to a polarization converter, achieving conversions from linear to cross polarization and from linear to circular polarization in the ranges of 4.58\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;10 THz and 4.16\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;4.43 THz, respectively. Within the 4.58\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;10 THz range, the polarization conversion ratio approaches 100% with an RBW of 74.3%, the polarization rotation angle is near 90\u0026deg;. Within the 4.16\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;4.43 THz range, the RBW is 6.29% and the ellipticity ratio approaches 1, Moreover, the effects of incident angle and polarization angle on the operational characteristics are studied. This THz MMs due to its advantages of wide angle, broad bandwidth, and high efficiency, provides valuable references for the research of new multifunctional THz devices.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Deep neural network-enabled Multifunctional switchable terahertz metamaterial devices","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-27 11:25:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4424905/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-06-25T05:27:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-24T04:20:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-24T04:02:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-06-23T22:30:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"163522079061991817054715591238865885427","date":"2024-06-14T02:44:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"67634513484055638260226053748603136","date":"2024-06-13T14:35:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"168500402025099971499089383071099448373","date":"2024-06-13T14:26:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-06-13T14:21:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-05-27T08:27:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-16T15:31:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-05-16T15:25:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-05-15T11:40:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"84cd2649-d167-4d30-91ae-1dbc67a0d4da","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 27th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":32387638,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics"},{"id":32387639,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics"},{"id":32387640,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical materials and structures"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-02T16:07:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4424905","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69875-6","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-08-27 15:57:30","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 27th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-27 11:25:36","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-69875-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69875-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4424905","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4424905","identity":"rs-4424905","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}