Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol of the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Drug Candidates Targeting Host Enzymes Involved in Immune Response

ABSTRACT Introduction COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although several therapeutic interventions have been developed, the mortality rate of the disease remains high, and effective treatment options are urgently needed. Host-directed therapies targeting enzymes involved in the immune response represent a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutics against COVID-19. This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the potential of drug candidates targeting host enzymes involved in the immune response for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic search of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, as well as preprint servers and clinical trial registries for relevant studies. We will include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and preclinical studies evaluating the efficacy of drug candidates targeting host enzymes involved in the immune response in COVID-19. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, extract data, and assess study quality. The primary outcome will be the effect of drug candidates on mortality, while secondary outcomes will include time to recovery, adverse events, and changes in immune markers. A meta-analysis will be performed to estimate pooled effect sizes of the interventions, and a narrative synthesis will be conducted for studies that are not amenable to quantitative analysis. This study will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the potential of host-directed therapies targeting enzymes involved in the immune response for the treatment of COVID-19. The results of this study may guide the development of novel therapeutics against COVID-19 and inform clinical practice. Ethics and dissemination This study will review published data, and thus it is unnecessary to obtain ethical approval. The findings of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023415110 .