Multi-Scale Simulation of Electromagnetic Wave Excitation by Positive Corona Discharge in SF6 Gas

Multi-Scale Simulation of Electromagnetic Wave Excitation by Positive Corona Discharge in SF6 Gas | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Multi-Scale Simulation of Electromagnetic Wave Excitation by Positive Corona Discharge in SF 6 Gas Feng Bin, Chuanfei Yao, Jixiang Feng, Fangwei Liang, Qiuqin Sun This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5977225/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Corona discharge is a typical discharge in gas-insulated equipment; however, the correlation between microscopic discharge process and macroscopic electromagnetic (EM) wave signals excited by discharge remains unclear. Therefore, this study innovatively employs the space current pulse as a bridge to reveal their relationship through the multi-scale simulation. First, the needle-plate discharge process in SF 6 gas is simulated based on a fluid dynamics model. Then, the effects of voltage, temperature, and the curvature of needle tip on the space current pulse are investigated. Lastly, the current pulses generated under varying conditions serve as excitation sources, and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is utilized to establish correlations between the corona discharge stages and discharge conditions and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of excited EM waves. The simulation results indicate that in the rising and falling stages of current pulse, the spectral energy is predominantly concentrated in the high frequency band (2.3-3.0 GHz) of the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) range, whereas the spectral energy constitutes the highest proportion within the mid-high frequency band (1.6–2.3 GHz) in the stabilization stage. As voltage, temperature, or the curvature of needle tip increases, there is a corresponding rise in the proportion of EM energy within both the low frequency band (0.2–0.9 GHz) and the mid-low frequency band (0.9–1.6 GHz), as well as in the mid-high frequency band; conversely, the proportion of energy within the high frequency band diminishes. The proposed multi-scale simulation method provides a novel way to obtain the characteristics of EM waves induced by partial discharge (PD) in gas. Physical sciences/Engineering/Electrical and electronic engineering Physical sciences/Energy science and technology finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method corona discharge fluid dynamics model multi-scale simulation electromagnetic (EM) wave Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 May, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Accepted 08 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 17 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 15 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5977225","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":445262599,"identity":"89b68847-b42b-49ef-baa9-dfa948b86ccd","order_by":0,"name":"Feng Bin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Feng","middleName":"","lastName":"Bin","suffix":""},{"id":445262600,"identity":"1bded284-6756-4082-9308-bd7bcc4fdc71","order_by":1,"name":"Chuanfei Yao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chuanfei","middleName":"","lastName":"Yao","suffix":""},{"id":445262601,"identity":"e78df77a-5da4-44e4-a047-1262a3783bea","order_by":2,"name":"Jixiang Feng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jixiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""},{"id":445262602,"identity":"63126704-1f58-40c8-a16d-850d4d8a529d","order_by":3,"name":"Fangwei Liang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tsinghua University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fangwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""},{"id":445262603,"identity":"61ad9651-206c-460c-ba22-ea05e9b5cf77","order_by":4,"name":"Qiuqin Sun","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAr0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCCigNgSoIELWdI1sLYRooW+Rm5B2+8nXcnz+AA88HbPAx2eQS1GNzIS7acu+1ZscEBtmRrHobkYsJaJHLMpHm3HU7ccIDHTJqH4UBiA2GHgbTMAWnh/0acFoYbIC0NYFvYiNNicOaNseWcY4cTZx5mAzIMkolwWHuO4Y03NYcT+443P7zxpsKOCIcBgQQPiGQGW0qMeriWUTAKRsEoGAW4AAD9XDzDsog4tQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiuqin","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-07 02:53:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5977225/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5977225/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01904-4","type":"published","date":"2025-05-26T15:57:31+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83783564,"identity":"70d9ecb4-2086-4ed9-9707-4f4abebb277c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-02 16:11:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":858233,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MultiScaleSimulationofElectromagneticWaveExcitationbyPositiveCoronaDischargeinSF6Gas.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5977225/v1_covered_b00df27a-f7e0-4689-8b85-fa257ed357e4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eMulti-Scale Simulation of Electromagnetic Wave Excitation by Positive Corona Discharge in SF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e Gas\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, corona discharge, fluid dynamics model, multi-scale simulation, electromagnetic (EM) wave","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5977225/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5977225/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCorona discharge is a typical discharge in gas-insulated equipment; however, the correlation between microscopic discharge process and macroscopic electromagnetic (EM) wave signals excited by discharge remains unclear. Therefore, this study innovatively employs the space current pulse as a bridge to reveal their relationship through the multi-scale simulation. First, the needle-plate discharge process in SF\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e gas is simulated based on a fluid dynamics model. Then, the effects of voltage, temperature, and the curvature of needle tip on the space current pulse are investigated. Lastly, the current pulses generated under varying conditions serve as excitation sources, and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is utilized to establish correlations between the corona discharge stages and discharge conditions and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of excited EM waves. 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