Identification of marker-trait associated SNPs for fruit weight and plant height in a wild and domesticated jujube fruit tree (Ziziphus spp.) collection using genotyping-by-sequencing

Ziziphus are economically and nutritionally important fruiting plants that were domesticated in China around 7000 years ago. We identified genetic diversity in 141 accessions of four, different species collected in Pakistan and in China, including wild species of Ziziphus mauritiana, Z. nummularia and Z. oxyphllya , and both wild and domesticated Z. jujuba Mill. Population structure, phylogenetic analysis and principal coordinates analysis based on 10,889 high-quality SNPs derived from genotyping-by-sequencing indicated that the accessions clustered into two major groups. The wild Pakistani Z. jujuba and Z. nummularia exhibited higher genetic diversity and polymorphic information content (0.37 and 0.23 respectively) than other species. We further conducted a genome-wide association study and discovered six highly significant marker-trait associations for fruit weight and plant height in this population. Our study provides important information for future breeding of Ziziphus species.