Development of the Coupled Smoothing Technique λS-FEM for Mechanical Analysis of Twist Drills

Development of the Coupled Smoothing Technique λS-FEM for Mechanical Analysis of Twist Drills | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Development of the Coupled Smoothing Technique λS-FEM for Mechanical Analysis of Twist Drills Qiuxia Fan, Qianqian Hua, Jianyu Li, Weihuang Liu, Qianqian Zhang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5795179/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A coupled smoothing technique, λ S-FEM, is introduced to improve the accuracy of numerical simulations in the mechanical analysis of twist drills. This method combines the edge-based smoothing finite element method (ES-FEM) with the node-based smoothing finite element method (NS-FEM). The λ S-FEM model is designed to evaluate the mechanical properties of twist drills made from tungsten carbide (WC), titanium nitride (TiN) coatings, and high-speed steel (M35), providing a theoretical basis for lifespan estimation and wear prediction. Linear tetrahedral elements construct the smoothing domain, and optimized weighting parameters balance and combine the smoothed strains from ES-FEM and NS-FEM. This integration enhances the accuracy of solutions for displacements, stresses, and strain energies, constructing stiffness matrices with optimal precision. The method’s feasibility is demonstrated through numerical case studies involving flange and shell extractor components. Analyses of straight shank twist drills compare displacement and stress magnitudes across FEM, S-FEM, and λ S-FEM under various degrees of freedom (DOF). Results show λ S-FEM significantly reduces errors, particularly with coarse meshes, validating its practical application in solving engineering challenges. Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing/Applied mathematics Physical sciences/Engineering/Mechanical engineering S-FEM Scale factor Gradient smoothing technique Coupled Twist drill Solid mechanics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Accepted 20 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 28 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5795179","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":445783983,"identity":"05b1b8b4-ccd1-4b83-aaa3-79d2b3175871","order_by":0,"name":"Qiuxia Fan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiuxia","middleName":"","lastName":"Fan","suffix":""},{"id":445783984,"identity":"544c729a-9de6-45a1-a85d-17c07cffdcbc","order_by":1,"name":"Qianqian Hua","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi 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smoothing technique, Coupled, Twist drill, Solid mechanics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5795179/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5795179/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA coupled smoothing technique, \u003cem\u003eλ\u003c/em\u003eS-FEM, is introduced to improve the accuracy of numerical simulations in the mechanical analysis of twist drills. This method combines the edge-based smoothing finite element method (ES-FEM) with the node-based smoothing finite element method (NS-FEM). The \u003cem\u003eλ\u003c/em\u003eS-FEM model is designed to evaluate the mechanical properties of twist drills made from tungsten carbide (WC), titanium nitride (TiN) coatings, and high-speed steel (M35), providing a theoretical basis for lifespan estimation and wear prediction. Linear tetrahedral elements construct the smoothing domain, and optimized weighting parameters balance and combine the smoothed strains from ES-FEM and NS-FEM. This integration enhances the accuracy of solutions for displacements, stresses, and strain energies, constructing stiffness matrices with optimal precision. The method\u0026rsquo;s feasibility is demonstrated through numerical case studies involving flange and shell extractor components. Analyses of straight shank twist drills compare displacement and stress magnitudes across FEM, S-FEM, and \u003cem\u003eλ\u003c/em\u003eS-FEM under various degrees of freedom (DOF). 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