Analysis of periodontal health status among adults aged 35-44 years in Shanghai, China：A cross-sectional study

Analysis of periodontal health status among adults aged 35-44 years in Shanghai, China：A cross-sectional study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of periodontal health status among adults aged 35-44 years in Shanghai, China：A cross-sectional study Junjie Xie, Hao Zhang, Dongxin Da, Jin Yu, Yiwei Jiang, Huning wang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6818209/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective： To assess and explore the current periodontal status and periodontal health levels among adults aged 35 to 44 years in Shanghai, and analyse their influential factors which may have an impact on periodontal health status. Method： Data were collected in 6 districts of Shanghai, China(four urban and two rural areas were included) from March 2021 to October 2021, multi-stage, stratified and random sampling were used in this survey. All the subjects are 35-44 years old. Overall, a total of 878 subjects were enrolled in the study, each of whom was required to answer and fill out a questionnaire and undergo a professional oral health examination. Results： 878 subjects were included in this study, the prevalence of gingival bleeding and calculus was 51.8% and 88.8%, respectively, and the prevalence of gingival health was 40.7%，in the 35- to 44-year-old population. The prevalence of shallow periodontal pockets (4 mm ≤ PD < 6 mm) and deep periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 6 mm) was 47.6% and 2.2%, respectively, in the 35- to 44-year-old population. In addition, the prevalence of clinical attachment loss (CAL ≥ 3mm) was 18.9%. Conclusion： Citizens in Shanghai have a high prevalence of periodontal disease, with a relatively large percentag e of bleeding on probing、calculus and shallow periodontal pockets among adults aged 35 to 44 years. Gender, living area, education level, income, age, t eeth cleaning experience , smoking, duration of smoking, brushing frequency, and floss using may be influential factors in periodontal status. periodontal status oral health༛ prevalence༛ 35–44 years༛associated factors Figures Figure 1 Introduction Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal tissues resulting in the loss of connective tissue attachment, destruction of alveolar bone and formation of pathological pockets around diseased teeth(Page, Offenbacher, Schroeder, Seymour, & Kornman, 1997 ). It is a ubiquitous disease affecting over 50% of the world's adult population, and increases further with age (I. L. Chapple et al., 2015 ). Patients with periodontal diseases will gradually develop symptoms such as oral odour, food impaction, recession of gum, tooth loosening, weak chewing, and ultimately lead to tooth loss, which seriously affects the quality of life. Periodontal diseases are very common in adults aged 35–44 years(Diamanti et al., 2021 ; Gamonal, Lopez, & Aranda, 1998 ; Hescot, Bourgeois, & Doury, 1997 ; Jiang et al., 2023 ; Krustrup & Erik Petersen, 2006; Schützhold, Holtfreter, Hoffmann, Kocher, & Micheelis, 2013 ; Shah et al., 2017 ), data showed that worldwide, over 5 million people suffer from severe periodontitis(Kassebaum et al., 2017 ), periodontal problems largely jeopardize people’s quality of life particularly in middle and old age, which renders it a major public health problem(Kassebaum et al., 2017 ). In China, The Fourth National Oral health Survey showed that the prevalence of shallow periodontal pockets (4 mm ≤ PD < 6 mm) and deep periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 6 mm) among Chinese adults aged 35–44 years was 45.8% and 6.9%, respectively(Sun et al., 2018 ). Researches showed that there had some countries or areas with relatively poor periodontal status, like Germany, the Fourth German Dental Health Survey showed: 76.9% of adults aged 35–44 years have periodontal pockets (≥ 4 mm), Only 29.1% of Germans have a healthy periodontium or only mild periodontal disease (Holtfreter, Kocher, Hoffmann, Desvarieux, & Micheelis, 2010 ),and in 2024, rural area of Jharkhand, India: more than 85 percent of adults aged 35 to 44 have periodontal disease(Kumar et al., 2024 ). There also some areas with rarely healthier periodontal status, like Brazil, its National Survey of Oral Health presented: only 19.4% of adults aged 35–44 years have periodontal probing depths ≥ 4 mm (Oppermann, Haas, Rösing, & Susin, 2015 ), and Spain: in 2017, between 24–37% Spaniards living in Valencia region aged 35 to 44 years have periodontitis and only 6–10% of the adult population have deep periodontal pockets(Almerich-Silla, Almiñana-Pastor, Boronat-Catalá, Bellot-Arcís, & Montiel-Company, 2017 ). All above studies show that the periodontal status of Chinese elderly people are likely to be improved or deteriorated in the future. Shanghai is one of the most economically developed regions on the eastern coast of China, with a population of more than 20 million inhabitant. Over the past six years (2015–2021), China's economy has grown rapidly and the health of the population has been improving. However, there is no data on whether periodontal health has changed among adults. After the six-year oral enhancement program and these six years of oral health knowledge promotion, we would like to investigate how the periodontal health status of 35–44 year olds in Shanghai has changed in comparison to that of the 4th Chinese Epidemiological Survey. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary to conduct a survey on the periodontal health status of adults aged 35–44 years in Shanghai and to analyse the factors affecting the periodontal health status, which will help us to analyse the epidemiological trend of the disease, to improve the oral health status of the Shanghai residents, and to enhance the oral health knowledge and awareness of the residents. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between periodontal health status and periodontal influence factors of adults aged 35–44 years old in Shanghai by collecting current data on the indicators of periodontal health status, oral health habits and lifestyle habits in this population. The samples of this study were obtained from a sampling of the Centers for Disease Control in China, which were collect at 6 Disease Surveillance Sites (DSP) from Pudong New District, Minhang District, Fengxian District, Xuhui District, Putuo District, Jing'an District districts in Shanghai . Method And Material S ampling method This cross-sectional study was conducted from March in 2021 to October in 2021.The samples of this study were selected at 6 Disease Surveillance Sites (DSP) from different districts in Shanghai from adults aged 35 to 44 years old who were residents of Shanghai and lived in the community. Multi-stage, stratified and random sampling were used in this survey (four urban and two rural areas were included). In calculating the sample size, the prevalence of periodontal disease was considered to be approximately 90% based on 2015 data, with an allowable error of 10%, and the sample selection process included random sampling, resulting in a total of 878 samples being included in this study. Clinical examination All the examinations were performed by the criteria of WHO Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods (5th edition)("World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys:Basic Method 5th ed Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization 2013 47–50.,") and using CPI probe. Periodontal status is recorded in four indicators: gingival bleeding, calculus, depth of periodontal pockets, and clinical attachment loss. Gingival bleeding is an indicator of gingivitis, calculus represents the state of oral hygiene, periodontal pockets are the most important pathological change of periodontitis, and clinial attachment loss reflects the destruction of periodontal tissues. All subjects were examined for the first three indicators of periodontal status, but only the index teeth (17, 16, 11, 26, 27, 36, 37, 31, 46, 47) of six zones (18 − 14, 13–23, 24–28, 34–38, 43 − 33, 48 − 44) were examined for clinical attachment loss, and the examiner used less than 20g of force when probing. Gingival bleeding was recorded as 0 (no bleeding), 1 (bleeding), 9 (not recorded), and X (missing teeth). Calculus was recorded as 0 (no calculus), 1 (calculus present), 9 (not recorded), X (missing tooth). Periodontal pockets were recorded as 0 (none), 1 (periodontal pocket 4–5 mm), 2 (periodontal pocket ≥ 6 mm), 9 (not recorded), X (missing teeth). Clinical attachment loss was recorded as 0 (0-3mm), 1 (4-5mm), 2 (6-8mm), 3 (9-11mm), 4 (≥ 12mm), 9 (not recorded), and X (missing teeth). Finally, gingival health was diagnosed according to the classification scheme proposed at the 2018 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions as follows: <10% BOP-positive teeth and PPD ≤ 3 mm.(I. L. C. Chapple et al., 2018 ) All the examination and face-to-face interviews were performed by three assigned dental practitioners including an examiner, a recorder and a questionnaire investigator. The examiners were qualified dental practitioners who had been working for at least 3 years and the recorder and investigator were clinicians or nurses with relevant clinical experience. World Health Organization procedures and diagnostic criteria for periodontal examination("World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys:Basic Method 5th ed Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization 2013 47–50.,") as well as the Chinese Fifth National Oral Health Epidemiological Investigation standard were followed in unified training for the examiners and for standard consistency inspection. The kappa value was required to reach 0.6 before inspection. Interview A questionnaire was used to collect relevant information during the face-to-face interviews, which included data on risk factors related to oral diseases, oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, experience of oral diseases, and utilization of oral health services.The questionnaire to be completed by the interviewers was developed according to the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China(Lu et al., 2018 ) and have yet been used in above survey. Data analysis Data from the paper questionnaire and clinical examination was entered into a computer using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21. For further descriptive analysis, prevalence and mean teeth number with probe bleeding, calculus, pocket depth ≥ 4mm and clinical attachment loss > 3mm was calculated and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.Missing varieties were not treated in this data analysis. The Chi-square test was performed to test the association between periodontal status and selected relevant variables. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds ratio of relevant variables on clinical attachment loss and periodontal health rate. A nonparametric test was performed between the number of periodontal pockets and calculus and the relevant variables. All independent variables that were significant in the chi-square analysis were entered as candidates and included in the logistic regression analysis. All independent variables that were significant in the nonparametric test were devoted to negative binomial regression. Odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the connection between the dependent variables and the potential risk indicators, and statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Results A total of 878 subjects were included in this study, which were randomly selected from the residential population of six districts in Shanghai. Of these, 591 (67.3%) subjects were selected from urban areas and 287 (32.7%) subjects were from suburban areas. All the 878 participants were included in the final data analysis, with 415 (47.3%) of the samples being males and 463 (52.7%) being females. Table 1 Periodontal health status among 35 to 44-year-old Chinese adult in Shanghai 2021 bleeding on probing rate(n, %) CAL ≥ 3mm rate(n, %) Pockets(≥ 4mm) rate(n, %) Calculus number Pockets(≥ 4mm) number bleeding on probing number Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Sex Male 217(52.3) 80(19.3) 190(45.8) 14.79 10.11 3.57 5.58 6.58 8.92 Female 238(51.4) 86(18.6) 207(44.7) 13.48 10.17 3.23 5.21 6.41 8.72 Area Urban 237(51.9) 90(15.2) 168(48.5) 13.15 10.11 3.02 5.39 6.55 8.94 Rural 148(51.6) 76(26.5) 229(38.7) 16.05 10.00 4.14 5.32 6.37 8.53 Total 455(51.8) 166(18.9) 397(45.2) 14.10 10.16 3.39 5.39 6.49 8.81 As shown in Table 1 , the prevalence of gingival bleeding, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal pockets (≥ 4 mm) were 51.8%, 18.9%, and 45.2%, respectively, in the 35 to 44-year-old age group in 2021. The mean (SD) number of probing bleeding, calculus, and periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm per individual was 6.49 (8.81), 14.10 (10.16), and 3.39 (5.39), respectively. Figure 1 .(A)shows the calculus deposition rates of different teeth (exclude third molar) in adults aged 35–44 years in Shanghai, in which the calculus deposition rates of maxillary molars (46.6%-51.4%) were higher than other maxillary teeth (37%-24.7%), and that of the mandibular incisors (69.7%-76.7%) were higher than other mandibular teeth (48.7%-61.7%); in general, teeth in mandible had a higher rate of calculus deposition (48.7%-76.7%) than the teeth in maxilla (24.7%-51.4%) . As shown in Figs. 1 .(B), for the probe bleeding rate of each tooth position (excluding the third molar teeth) among adults aged 35–44 in Shanghai, the probe bleeding rate of maxillary molars (28.8%-31.2%) was slightly higher than other teeth in the maxillary (13.3%-22.9%); the right mandibular molar had the highest probing bleeding rate (29.5%-30.1%); and the probe bleeding rate of all teeth in the maxilla (13.3%-31.2%) was lower than that of all teeth in the mandible (20.3%-30.1%); and the gingival bleeding rate of the teeth in maxilla ( 13.3%-31.2%) seems lower than that of the teeth in mandible (20.3%-30.1%). Figures 1 .(C) shows the pockets detection rate of each tooth in adults aged 35–44 years in Shanghai, China. In the maxilla, the pocket detection rate of maxillary molars (17.4%-24.5%) was significantly higher than that of other teeth in the maxilla (3.8%-12.0%); in the mandible, the pocket detection rate of mandibular molars (14.8%-22.6%) was also significantly higher than that of other teeth (5.6%-9.3%). Overall, for pocket detection rate, no significant difference was demonstrated between the upper and lower jaws. Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors associated to the prevalence of gingival health and CAL ≥ 3mm among 35–44 years adults in Shanghai Variety Gingival health CAL ≥ 3mm N N(healthy) Prevalence(%) P N N(healthy) Prevalence(%) P Sex 0.429 0.74 Male 415 163 39.3 415 80 19.3 Female 463 194 41.9 463 86 18.5 Area 0.002 < 0.001 Urban 591 17 44.2 591 90 15.2 Rural 287 96 33.4 287 76 26.5 Floss using 0.173 0.045 Yes 314 136 43.3 314 49 15.6 No 552 213 38.6 552 117 21.2 Smoking 0.001 0.002 Yes 215 67 31.2 215 58 27.2 No 662 290 43.8 665 108 16.3 Duration of smoking 0.269 0.012 ≥ 10years 66 17 25.8 66 25 37.9 < 10years 116 39 33.6 116 24 20.7 Income 0.087 0.027 Low income 199 66 33.2 199 50 25.1 Medium income 356 148 41.6 356 64 18.0 High income 142 64 45.1 142 20 14.1 Brush frequency 0.152 0.132 Twice/day 718 300 41.8 718 129 18.0 <Twice/day 160 57 35.6 160 37 23.1 Educational level < 0.001 < 0.001 University and above 133 28 21.1 133 41 30.8 High school 102 30 29.4 102 34 33.3 Junior high school and below 643 299 46.5 643 91 14.2 Teeth cleaning experience 0.677 0.81 Yes 101 4. 42.6 101 20 19.8 No 777 314 40.4 777 146 18.8 Age 0.003 < 0.001 35–39 493 221 44.8 493 68 13.8 40–44 380 132 34.7 380 98 25.8 Total 878 357 40.7 878 166 18.9 Table 2 shows the results of the univariate analysis between the prevalence of gingival health and each influence factor in the population aged 35–44 years in Shanghai. It shows that the detection rate of gingival health is 40.7% in the 35–44 age group, there were significant differences among the groups of place of residence、smoking、education level、age in the detection of health periodontal rate(all P < 0.05); adults living in urban areas had higher rates of gingival health than those living in suburban areas ( P < 0.05); non-smokers had better gingival conditions than smokers ( P < 0.05); adults with better education had higher prevalence of gingival health ( P < 0.05); and younger adults had higher prevalence of gingival health than older adults ( P < 0.05). Table 2 also demonstrates the results of the univariate analyses between the rate(CAL ≥ 3) and influential factors in the population aged 35–44 years in Shanghai. The results shows that area、floss using、smoking、duration of smoking、income、education level、age were all associated with the rate of CAL ≥ 3( P < 0.05) ; adults living in urban areas had a lower rate(CAL ≥ 3) than those in suburban areas ( P < 0.05); adults who have flossed were less likely to have the rate(CAL ≥ 3) than those who have not floss ( P < 0.05); non-smokers had lower CAL ≥ 3 rates than those who have smoked( P < 0.05); among smokers, those who had smoked less than 10 years had a lower rate of CAL ≥ 3 than those who had smoked up to 10 years ( P < 0.05); and those who earned higher income tended to have lower rates than others( P < 0.05); adults with better education had a lower rate of CAL ≥ 3 ( P < 0.05); and younger adults had a lower rate(CAL ≥ 3) than older adults ( P < 0.05). Table 3 Logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with rate of gingival health and CAL ≥ 3mm among 35–44 years adults in Shanghai Variables Gingival health CAL ≥ 3mm OR OR 95% confidence interval P b OR OR 95% confidence interval P b Sex Male 1.00 1.00 Female 0.959 0.70–1.32 0.793 1.207 0.79–1.85 0.387 Area Rural 1.00 1.00 Urban 1.582 1.17–2.15 0.003 0.49 0.34–0.70 < 0.001 Educational level < 0.001 < 0.001 University and above 1.00 1.00 High school 1.772 0.96–3.28 0.069 1.02 0.57–1.80 0.956 Junior high school and below 8.51 2.06–35.22 < 0.001 0.44 0.28–0.69 < 0.001 Age 35–39 1.00 1.00 40–44 0.750 0.56-1.000 0.007 1.94 1.36–2.78 < 0.001 Smoking Yes 1.00 1.00 No 1.39 0.98–1.98 0.027 0.61 0.41–0.91 0.015 Table 3 analyses the above correlates in a logistic multivariate regression model, and further analyses showed that after controlling for confounding factors, area of residence, level of education, smoking and age were all independent factors in periodontal health rate. ( P < 0.05). The analysis also shows that area of residence, level of education, age, whether smoked, and the duration of smoking were independent factors on the rate(CAL ≥ 3) after controlling for confounding factors( P < 0.05). Table 4 Univariate analysis of factors associated to periodontal pocket、bleeding on probing and calculus number Variety Periodontal pocket(≥ 4mm) number P Calculus number P Bleeding on Probing number P Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Sex 0.485 0.036 0.755 Male 3.25 5.36 14.79 10.11 6.58 8.92 Female 2.82 4.76 13.48 10.17 6.41 8.72 Area < 0.001 < 0.001 0.892 Urban 2.67 4.98 13.15 10.11 6.55 8.95 Rural 3.71 5.11 16.05 10.00 6.37 8.53 Floss using 0.009 0.003 0.316 Yes 2.26 4.02 12.77 9.74 5.91 8.06 No 3.48 5.53 14.92 10.30 6.89 9.22 Smoking < 0.001 < 0.001 0.096 Yes 4.22 6.02 17.43 10.01 7.53 9.49 No 2.62 4.62 13.01 9.98 6.15 8.56 Duration of smoking 0.013 0.015 0.290 ≥ 10years 5.36 6.00 20.55 9.43 9.00 10.36 < 10years 3.63 5.93 16.66 9.96 7.08 9.21 Brush frequency 0.021 < 0.001 0.151 <Twice/ day 3.51 5.39 16.63 9.77 7.54 9.10 Twice/day 2.90 4.96 13.53 10.16 6.26 8.73 Age < 0.001 0.023 0.218 35–39 2.50 4.55 13.42 10.18 6.30 8.68 40–44 3.72 5.57 14.97 10.11 6.80 9.00 Educational level < 0.001 < 0.001 0.019 University and above 5.47 6.42 18.15 9.60 8.41 9.31 High school 4.12 5.84 16.50 9.69 6.62 9.04 Junior high school and below 2.33 4.36 12.88 10.07 6.07 8.62 Income 0.005 0.015 0.735 Low income 4.14 5.93 18.15 9.60 6.97 9.19 Medium income 2.73 4.52 16.50 9.69 6.08 8.53 High income 2.74 4.70 12.88 10.07 6.42 9.13 Table 5 Factors associated to periodontal pocket、bleeding on probing and calculus number in Linear Regression Models Variety Periodontal pocket(≥ 4mm) number P Calculus number P Bleeding on Probing(BOP) number P OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) OR(95%CI) Sex 1.19 (0.99–1.43) 0.072 1.06 (0.90–1.24) 0.507 1.14 (0.96–1.35) 0.128 Area 0.72 (0.61–0.85) < 0.001 0.82 (0.71–0.95) 0.009 1.051 (0.90–1.23) 0.537 Floss using 0.80 (0.67–0.95) 0.011 0.95 (0.82–1.11) 0.508 0.91 (0.78–1.07) 0.245 Smoking 0.65 (0.52–0.80) < 0.001 0.76 (0.63–0.92) 0.004 0.82 (0.68–0.99) 0.043 Brush frequency 0.86 (0.70–1.05) 0.134 0.83 (0.69-1.00) 0.045 0.82 (0.67–0.99) 0.039 Age 1.35 (1.15–1.59) < 0.001 1.08 (0.94–1.24) 0.301 1.04 (0.90–1.21) 0.568 Educational level 0.69 (0.62–0.77) < 0.001 0.87 (0.79–0.96) 0.006 0.88 (0.79–0.97) 0.012 Income 1.06 (0.98–1.16) 0.15 0.99 (0.92–1.06) 0.713 0.98 (0.91–1.05) 0.556 As shown in Table 4 – 5 , for the number of periodontal pockets, there were statistically significant differences among the groups of place of residence、floss using、smoking、frequency of brushing、income、education level and age in univariate analysis;In Linear Regression Models, place of residence, floss using, smoking, brush frequency, age, and educational level were significantly associated with the number of periodontal pocket (all p < 0.05). For calculus amount, in univariate analysis, there were significant differences among the groups of gender、place of residence、floss using、smoking、brushing frequency、income、education level and age in the detection of calculus number(all P < 0.05)༛In Linear Regression Models, place of residence, smoking, brush frequency, and educational level were significantly associated with the amount of calculus (all p < 0.05). Considering the amount of Bleeding on Probing, only the educational level present significant differences in univariate analysis( p < 0.05);but in Linear Regression Models, the difference in educational level, brush frequency and smoking groups were all significant (all p < 0.05). Discussion Oral diseases are common diseases affecting human health(Pihlstrom, Michalowicz, & Johnson, 2005 ) (Lenartova et al., 2021 ), influenced by traditional concepts, Chinese people pay less attention to oral health(Huang & Dong, 2022 ), but in recent years, with the improvement of the overall quality of life and living standards, the demand for oral health has been increasing, and oral health has become a more prominent health issue of public concern at this stage(Dietrich et al., 2019 ; Scannapieco & Gershovich, 2020 ). Our study investigated the periodontal status among 35-44-year-old adult in Shanghai for the 2021 by including 878 middle-aged individuals, which conclude 357 subjects with gingival health. In this study, the area of residence, level of education, floss using, brush frequency, smoking and age were all independent factors in periodontal health status after controlling for confounding factors. In terms of oral health behaviors, using floss、no smoking or smoking for a less period of time、brush teeth twice a day could be some of protective factors for periodontal status, while the older ages could be a risk factor. The present study showed that periodontal status was still not good among 35 to 44 year-old Chinese adults in Shanghai. The prevalence of PD ≥ 4mm was 45.2%, the total prevalence of deep periodontal pockets was 2.2%. Regarding the prevalence of CAL ≥ 3mm and Bleeding on Probing(BoP), it came to 18.9% and 51.8%.However, it is noteworthy that these two indicators was significant lower than that reported by Bao Jun TAI in another Chinese study of the 35 to 44-year-old group(33.2% and 87.4%) in 2015(Sun et al., 2018 ), and also lower than the same group of population in Hangzhou, 2022༈31.82% and 93.75%)(Huang & Dong, 2022 ).Compared to Hangzhou in 2022 or China in 2015, residents in Shanghai have relatively better periodontal status. This improvement may be a result of six years of oral health knowledge promotion and the Oral Health Enhancement Program in Shanghai. When considering the experience of smoking, our study found that non-smokers tent to have a better periodontal health status than who have smoked, in the indicators including gingival health, prevalence of CAL, numbers of periodontal pocket、BOP and calculus. Furthermore, among those population who have smoked, People who smoked for shorter periods of duration performed better in all the above indicators compared to people who smoked for longer periods of time, which is identical to the previous investigations(Figueredo, Abdelhay, Figueredo, Catunda, & Gibson, 2021 ; Leite, Nascimento, Scheutz, & López, 2018 ). Those results are also consistent with current theories that smoking has a significant negative impact on periodontal status(M?Zrak & Kaya, 2005 ). On the other hand, there are some researches have found that stopping smoking can be conducive to improve the effects of periodontal treatment(Madi, Smith, Alshehri, Zakaria, & Almas, 2023 ),which mean it’s still useful to quit smoking to restore periodontal health status. Meanwhile, the periodontal conditions between males and females is no obvious from the result of all the measurement indices( P > 0.05) except the calculus number. Males only tend to have a higher number of calculus, that’s a difference compared to Bao Jun TAI reported in another Chinese study [12] . In his report, all the differences are obvious when the considering sex, even though females do perform better than males in oral hygiene behaviors such as floss using, brushing, and smoking( P 0.05) or relate to the effect of sex steroid hormone to periodontium(Suri & Suri, 2014 ). It showed that in the prevalence of PD ≥ 4mm、CAL ≥ 3mm, gingival health, the age group of 35–39 have a better performance(40.4%, 13.8%, 44.8%) than the age group of 40–44 (52.1%, 25.8%, 34.7%).These literature may explain this result: a survey argued that with an increase of age ,individuals pay less attention to oral health, which may be one of the reasons for the higher prevalence of periodontal diseases in the elderly population(Knight & Murray Thomson, 2018 ),and in the meantime growing age increases the incidence of local plaque, calculus, and food impaction in the oral cavity, along with decreased metabolic capacity and immune capacity, thus increasing the incidence of periodontal inflammation(Maia, Mendes, & Normando, 2018 ). Our study also found that people who has brushed their teeth twice a day or have used floss tent to have better periodontal health status( P < 0.05). People who have brushed their teeth at least twice a day had significantly lower amounts of calculus and BoP than those who brushed their teeth less than twice a day( P < 0.05). For those who have used floss, they had significantly fewer periodontal pockets(≥ 4mm) than those who didn't( P < 0.05), that also showed us the importance of maintaining oral hygiene habits for periodontal status. Such results are also similar to previous studies(Lee, Han, Park, Ryu, & Kim, 2022 ; Tang, Zhu, Wu, & Ran, 2024 ), which also found the association between oral health behavior and periodontal status. In total, 81.8% of adults has brushed their teeth at least twice a day, but only 36.3% used floss, suggested the oral health awareness of shanghai residents regarding tooth brushing is acceptable, but the practice of floss using still need to be promoted. It was found that when socioeconomic factors were analyzed, there were no significant differences in periodontal status among those with different incomes. However, when the area of residence and educational level of the population were taken into account, adults living in urban areas had significantly better periodontal status than those living in rural areas, and the adults who had receive higher education had better periodontal status. This may be due to the fact that residents of urban areas have easier access to periodontal treatment, and better educated people are more likely to accept and develop good oral health habits. This influence of socioeconomic factors on periodontal health status has been mentioned in other studies(Oppermann et al., 2015 ; Selvaraj et al., 2022 ). In the current study, we found that by comparing different tooth positions, it seems that teeth with a higher probability of developing calculus(especially incisors in mandibular)also showed a concomitant tendency to be more susceptible to periodontal pockets and attachment loss, a finding that is also in line with current theory(Neely, Holford, Löe, Anerud, & Boysen, 2001 ; White, 1997 ) that calculus has negative impacts on periodontal conditions. Only 38.6% of this population reporting a dental visit within the past year. Among those who had visited the dentist within a year, 52% visited to seek treatment, while only 24.8% visited for consultation or prevention purposes, which suggest that there is still needy to enhance the oral health awareness of adults. Clinical Attachment Loss(CAL) and gingival health always be seen as the major index to measure periodontal status both in clinical work and epidemiological investigation(Carasol et al., 2016 ; Diamanti et al., 2021 ; Ilhan et al., 2017 ; Jiao et al., 2021 ; Thwin, Ogawa, Phantumvanit, Songpaisan, & Miyazaki, 2023 ).CAL is considered as a direct parameters in the diagnosis of periodontitis, gingival health is also a direct index reflect periodontal status. Therefore, this two indicators were chosen in our study to analyse participants’ periodontal health high-risk behaviors. However, in the present study, we did not measure Clinical Attachment Loss values for all the teeth of the samples, whereas previous studies have found that the use of index teeth would overestimate all clinical parameters related to periodontal disease(Vettore, Lamarca Gde, Leão, Sheiham, & Leal Mdo, 2007). Therefore, in the data analysis, our variable of CAL was a dichotomous variable to reduce this bias. Conclusion Periodontal status among 35 to 44-year-old adults in Shanghai is not good and still needy to be improved, the prevalence of gingival bleeding and periodontal pocket is rarely high. Area of residence, educational level, age, brushing frequency, floss using, smoking and duration of smoking has a significant impact on the status of periodontal health. The innovation of our research lies in the analysis of the current prevalence of periodontal status and its associated factors in 35 to 44-year-old individuals, which provide samples and detailed data to improve periodontal health in the middle-aged population in Shanghai. The limitation of our study is that not all the teeth were examined for the indicator of CAL, which may cause bias and leading to our inability to analyse the prevalence of periodontitis. Declarations Dental Ethics Committee of the Chinese Dental Disease Control Foundation (Approval No. 2021-001) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Every human participant in this study have provide their consent and signed an informed consent form before to being examined. Consent for publication: All authors agree to publish this article Conflict of Interest : The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Funding: This study was funded by the Key Discipline Program of the Sixth Round of the Three-Year Public Health Action Plan (2023-2025) of Shanghai (GWVI-11.1-31) ＆ (GWVI-11.1-16) Author contribution statement: All authors have made substantial contributions to conception and design of the study. Dongxin Da, Xiaoli Zeng, Jin Yu, Yiwei Jiang, Huning Wang have been involved in data collection. Junjie Xie, Hao Zhang, Ying Zhang have been involved in data analysis and interpretation. Junjie Xie have been involved in drafting the manuscript, Hao Zhang, Ying Zhang revising it critically and Ying Zhang have given final approval of the version to be published. Acknowledgements ： We would like to thank the staff of various district dental clinics in Shanghai who participated in the project for their help in data collection; on the other hand, we would like to thank the Foundation for supporting the project，which is the Key Discipline Program of the Sixth Round of the Three-Year Public Health Action Plan (2023-2025) of Shanghai (GWVI-11.1-31) and (GWVI-11.1-16). Authors information ： Junjie Xie（Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University） Hao Zhang（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） Dongxin Da（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） Jin Yu（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） Yiwei Jiang（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） Huning Wang（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） Xiaoli Zeng（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） Ying Zhang（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） Corresponding authors : Xiaoli Zeng（primary, [email protected] ，Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） Ying Zhang（ [email protected] ，（+86）13917555798，Shanghai Stomatological Hospital） References Almerich-Silla JM, Almiñana-Pastor PJ, Boronat-Catalá M, Bellot-Arcís C, Montiel-Company JM. Socioeconomic factors and severity of periodontal disease in adults (35–44 years). A cross sectional study. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(8):e988–94. 10.4317/jced.54033 . Carasol M, Llodra JC, Fernández-Meseguer A, Bravo M, García-Margallo MT, Calvo-Bonacho E, Herrera D. Periodontal conditions among employed adults in Spain. J Clin Periodontol. 2016;43(7):548–56. 10.1111/jcpe.12558 . Chapple IL, Van der Weijden F, Doerfer C, Herrera D, Shapira L, Polak D, Graziani F. Primary prevention of periodontitis: managing gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2015;42(Suppl 16):71–6. 10.1111/jcpe.12366 . Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Yoshie H. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S74–84. 10.1002/jper.17-0719 . Diamanti I, Polychronopoulou A, Papaioannou W, Theodoridis C, Margaritis V, Mamai-Homata E, Kalfas S. Socio-behavioral factors, oral hygiene level and periodontitis prevalence in a 35-44-year-old Greek adult population: A cross-sectional survey. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(10):e1021–9. 10.4317/jced.58507 . 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J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(2):168–79. 10.1111/jcpe.13396 . Kassebaum NJ, Smith AGC, Bernabé E, Fleming TD, Reynolds AE, Vos T, Marcenes W. Global, Regional, and National Prevalence, Incidence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Oral Conditions for 195 Countries, 1990–2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors. J Dent Res. 2017;96(4):380–7. 10.1177/0022034517693566 . Knight ET, Murray Thomson W. (2018). A public health perspective on personalized periodontics. Periodontol 2000, 78 (1), 195–200. 10.1111/prd.12228 Krustrup U, Petersen E, P. Periodontal conditions in 35–44 and 65-74-year-old adults in Denmark. Acta Odontol Scand. 2006;64(2):65–73. 10.1080/00016350500377859 . Kumar S, Anubhuti, Gautam A, Khan A, B, A., Karmacharya P. (2024). Oral Health and Lifestyle Factors in Rural Adults of Jharkhand, India. Int J Dent, 2024 , 9100665. 10.1155/2024/9100665 Lee SR, Han MA, Park J, Ryu SY, Kim SY. Oral health status and behavior in elderly Koreans with periodontal disease. J Public Health Dent. 2022;82(4):378–84. 10.1111/jphd.12469 . Leite FRM, Nascimento GG, Scheutz F, López R. Effect of Smoking on Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression. Am J Prev Med. 2018;54(6):831–41. 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.02.014 . Lenartova M, Tesinska B, Janatova T, Hrebicek O, Mysak J, Janata J, Najmanova L. The Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:629723. 10.3389/fcimb.2021.629723 . Lu HX, Tao DY, Lo ECM, Li R, Wang X, Tai BJ, Feng XP. The 4th National Oral Health Survey in the Mainland of China: Background and Methodology. Chin J Dent Res. 2018;21(3):161–5. 10.3290/j.cjdr.a41079 . M?Zrak T, Kaya FA. The Effect of Smoking on the Periodontal Tissues. Dicle Med J. 2005;32:102–7. Madi M, Smith S, Alshehri S, Zakaria O, Almas K. Influence of Smoking on Periodontal and Implant Therapy: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(7). 10.3390/ijerph20075368 . Maia CVR, Mendes FM, Normando D. The impact of oral health on quality of life of urban and riverine populations of the Amazon: A multilevel analysis. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0208096. 10.1371/journal.pone.0208096 . Neely AL, Holford TR, Löe H, Anerud A, Boysen H. The natural history of periodontal disease in man. Risk factors for progression of attachment loss in individuals receiving no oral health care. J Periodontol. 2001;72(8):1006–15. 10.1902/jop.2001.72.8.1006 . Oppermann RV, Haas AN, Rösing CK, Susin C. (2015). Epidemiology of periodontal diseases in adults from Latin America. Periodontol 2000, 67 (1), 13–33. 10.1111/prd.12061 Page RC, Offenbacher S, Schroeder HE, Seymour GJ, Kornman KS. (1997). Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: summary of developments, clinical implications and future directions. Periodontol 2000, 14 , 216–248. 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00199.x Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet. 2005;366(9499):1809–20. 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67728-8 . Scannapieco FA, Gershovich E. The prevention of periodontal disease-An overview. Periodontol 2000. 2020;84(1):9–13. 10.1111/prd.12330 . Schützhold S, Holtfreter B, Hoffmann T, Kocher T, Micheelis W. Trends in dental health of 35- to 44-year-olds in West and East Germany after reunification. J Public Health Dent. 2013;73(1):65–73. 10.1111/jphd.12007 . Selvaraj S, Naing NN, Wan-Arfah N, Djearamane S, Wong LS, Subramaniyan V, de Abreu M. Epidemiological Factors of Periodontal Disease Among South Indian Adults. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022;15:1547–57. 10.2147/jmdh.s374480 . Shah N, Mathur VP, Kant S, Gupta A, Kathuria V, Haldar P, Pandey RM. Prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in a rural area of Faridabad District, Haryana, India. Indian J Dent Res. 2017;28(3):242–7. 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_370_16 . Sun H, Jiang H, Du M, Wang X, Feng X, Hu D, Tai B. The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Periodontal Disease among 35 to 44-year-old Chinese Adults in the 4th National Oral Health Survey. Chin J Dent Res. 2018;21(4):241–7. 10.3290/j.cjdr.a41082 . Suri V, Suri V. Menopause and oral health. J Midlife Health. 2014;5(3):115–20. 10.4103/0976-7800.141187 . Tang YH, Zhu Q, Wu Z, Ran X. [Analysis of periodontal health status and influencing factors of elderly people in Jiading District of Shanghai]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2024;33(6):642–6. Thwin KM, Ogawa H, Phantumvanit P, Songpaisan Y, Miyazaki H. Periodontal Status and Potential Risk Factors in the Myanmar Population: Data from the First National Oral Health Survey in 2016–2017. WHO South-East Asia J Public Health. 2023;12(2):110–5. 10.4103/who-seajph.who-seajph_177_22 . Vettore MV, Gde L, Leão A, Sheiham AT, A., Leal Mdo C. Partial recording protocols for periodontal disease assessment in epidemiological surveys. Cad Saude Publica. 2007;23(1):33–42. 10.1590/s0102-311x2007000100005 . White DJ. Dental calculus: recent insights into occurrence, formation, prevention, removal and oral health effects of supragingival and subgingival deposits. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105(5 Pt 2):508–22. 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1997.tb00238.x . World Health Organization. Oral Health Surveys:Basic Method 5th ed Geneva. Switz World Health Organ 2013 47–50. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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by tooth position among 35-44years adults in Shanghai 2023\u003c/strong\u003e（A）Percentage of calculus in maxilla and mandibular. （B）Percentage of probe bleeding in maxilla and mandibular. （C）\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003ePercentage of pocket detection in maxilla and mandibular\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6818209/v1/a2184e17826b7874c55aaf88.jpeg"},{"id":86013471,"identity":"df58de03-d354-4ff1-92c6-97ef57f80f65","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-04 10:16:32","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1698698,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6818209/v1/d7833611-d7ad-46bb-86d5-ca26d14285f6.pdf"},{"id":86012211,"identity":"b8f21ab3-d743-477a-8574-811e3bfb7a5c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-04 10:00:27","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":31245,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"STROBEchecklistcrosssectional.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6818209/v1/5ffb72a8b927c99ad10169b0.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of periodontal health status among adults aged 35-44 years in Shanghai, China：A cross-sectional study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003ePeriodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal tissues resulting in the loss of connective tissue attachment, destruction of alveolar bone and formation of pathological pockets around diseased teeth(Page, Offenbacher, Schroeder, Seymour, \u0026amp; Kornman, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e). It is a ubiquitous disease affecting over 50% of the world's adult population, and increases further with age (I. L. Chapple et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Patients with periodontal diseases will gradually develop symptoms such as oral odour, food impaction, recession of gum, tooth loosening, weak chewing, and ultimately lead to tooth loss, which seriously affects the quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal diseases are very common in adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years(Diamanti et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Gamonal, Lopez, \u0026amp; Aranda, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1998\u003c/span\u003e; Hescot, Bourgeois, \u0026amp; Doury, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Jiang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Krustrup \u0026amp; Erik Petersen, 2006; Sch\u0026uuml;tzhold, Holtfreter, Hoffmann, Kocher, \u0026amp; Micheelis, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Shah et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), data showed that worldwide, over 5\u0026nbsp;million people suffer from severe periodontitis(Kassebaum et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), periodontal problems largely jeopardize people\u0026rsquo;s quality of life particularly in middle and old age, which renders it a major public health problem(Kassebaum et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). In China, The Fourth National Oral health Survey showed that the prevalence of shallow periodontal pockets (4 mm\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;PD\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;6 mm) and deep periodontal pockets (PD\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;6 mm) among Chinese adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years was 45.8% and 6.9%, respectively(Sun et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Researches showed that there had some countries or areas with relatively poor periodontal status, like Germany, the Fourth German Dental Health Survey showed: 76.9% of adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years have periodontal pockets (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4 mm), Only 29.1% of Germans have a healthy periodontium or only mild periodontal disease (Holtfreter, Kocher, Hoffmann, Desvarieux, \u0026amp; Micheelis, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e),and in 2024, rural area of Jharkhand, India: more than 85 percent of adults aged 35 to 44 have periodontal disease(Kumar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). There also some areas with rarely healthier periodontal status, like Brazil, its National Survey of Oral Health presented: only 19.4% of adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years have periodontal probing depths\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4 mm (Oppermann, Haas, R\u0026ouml;sing, \u0026amp; Susin, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), and Spain: in 2017, between 24\u0026ndash;37% Spaniards living in Valencia region aged 35 to 44 years have periodontitis and only 6\u0026ndash;10% of the adult population have deep periodontal pockets(Almerich-Silla, Almi\u0026ntilde;ana-Pastor, Boronat-Catal\u0026aacute;, Bellot-Arc\u0026iacute;s, \u0026amp; Montiel-Company, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). All above studies show that the periodontal status of Chinese elderly people are likely to be improved or deteriorated in the future.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShanghai is one of the most economically developed regions on the eastern coast of China, with a population of more than 20\u0026nbsp;million inhabitant. Over the past six years (2015\u0026ndash;2021), China's economy has grown rapidly and the health of the population has been improving. However, there is no data on whether periodontal health has changed among adults. After the six-year oral enhancement program and these six years of oral health knowledge promotion, we would like to investigate how the periodontal health status of 35\u0026ndash;44 year olds in Shanghai has changed in comparison to that of the 4th Chinese Epidemiological Survey. Therefore, we believe that it is necessary to conduct a survey on the periodontal health status of adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years in Shanghai and to analyse the factors affecting the periodontal health status, which will help us to analyse the epidemiological trend of the disease, to improve the oral health status of the Shanghai residents, and to enhance the oral health knowledge and awareness of the residents.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study was to analyse the association between periodontal health status and periodontal influence factors of adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years old in Shanghai by collecting current data on the indicators of periodontal health status, oral health habits and lifestyle habits in this population. The samples of this study were obtained from a sampling of the Centers for Disease Control in China, which were collect at 6 Disease Surveillance Sites (DSP) from Pudong New District, Minhang District, Fengxian District, Xuhui District, Putuo District, Jing'an District districts in Shanghai .\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Method And Material","content":"\u003cp\u003eS\u003cb\u003eampling method\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional study was conducted from March in 2021 to October in 2021.The samples of this study were selected at 6 Disease Surveillance Sites (DSP) from different districts in Shanghai from adults aged 35 to 44 years old who were residents of Shanghai and lived in the community. Multi-stage, stratified and random sampling were used in this survey (four urban and two rural areas were included). In calculating the sample size, the prevalence of periodontal disease was considered to be approximately 90% based on 2015 data, with an allowable error of 10%, and the sample selection process included random sampling, resulting in a total of 878 samples being included in this study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eClinical examination\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll the examinations were performed by the criteria of WHO Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods (5th edition)(\"World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys:Basic Method 5th ed Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e 47\u0026ndash;50.,\") and using CPI probe. Periodontal status is recorded in four indicators: gingival bleeding, calculus, depth of periodontal pockets, and clinical attachment loss. Gingival bleeding is an indicator of gingivitis, calculus represents the state of oral hygiene, periodontal pockets are the most important pathological change of periodontitis, and clinial attachment loss reflects the destruction of periodontal tissues. All subjects were examined for the first three indicators of periodontal status, but only the index teeth (17, 16, 11, 26, 27, 36, 37, 31, 46, 47) of six zones (18\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14, 13\u0026ndash;23, 24\u0026ndash;28, 34\u0026ndash;38, 43\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;33, 48\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;44) were examined for clinical attachment loss, and the examiner used less than 20g of force when probing. Gingival bleeding was recorded as 0 (no bleeding), 1 (bleeding), 9 (not recorded), and X (missing teeth). Calculus was recorded as 0 (no calculus), 1 (calculus present), 9 (not recorded), X (missing tooth). Periodontal pockets were recorded as 0 (none), 1 (periodontal pocket 4\u0026ndash;5 mm), 2 (periodontal pocket\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;6 mm), 9 (not recorded), X (missing teeth). Clinical attachment loss was recorded as 0 (0-3mm), 1 (4-5mm), 2 (6-8mm), 3 (9-11mm), 4 (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;12mm), 9 (not recorded), and X (missing teeth). Finally, gingival health was diagnosed according to the classification scheme proposed at the 2018 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions as follows: \u0026lt;10% BOP-positive teeth and PPD\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;3 mm.(I. L. C. Chapple et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll the examination and face-to-face interviews were performed by three assigned dental practitioners including an examiner, a recorder and a questionnaire investigator. The examiners were qualified dental practitioners who had been working for at least 3 years and the recorder and investigator were clinicians or nurses with relevant clinical experience. World Health Organization procedures and diagnostic criteria for periodontal examination(\"World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys:Basic Method 5th ed Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e 47\u0026ndash;50.,\") as well as the Chinese Fifth National Oral Health Epidemiological Investigation standard were followed in unified training for the examiners and for standard consistency inspection. The kappa value was required to reach 0.6 before inspection.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInterview\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA questionnaire was used to collect relevant information during the face-to-face interviews, which included data on risk factors related to oral diseases, oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, experience of oral diseases, and utilization of oral health services.The questionnaire to be completed by the interviewers was developed according to the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China(Lu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) and have yet been used in above survey.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData from the paper questionnaire and clinical examination was entered into a computer using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21. For further descriptive analysis, prevalence and mean teeth number with probe bleeding, calculus, pocket depth\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4mm and clinical attachment loss\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3mm was calculated and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.Missing varieties were not treated in this data analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Chi-square test was performed to test the association between periodontal status and selected relevant variables. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the odds ratio of relevant variables on clinical attachment loss and periodontal health rate. A nonparametric test was performed between the number of periodontal pockets and calculus and the relevant variables. All independent variables that were significant in the chi-square analysis were entered as candidates and included in the logistic regression analysis. All independent variables that were significant in the nonparametric test were devoted to negative binomial regression. Odds ratio was calculated with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the connection between the dependent variables and the potential risk indicators, and statistical significance was defined as \u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 878 subjects were included in this study, which were randomly selected from the residential population of six districts in Shanghai. Of these, 591 (67.3%) subjects were selected from urban areas and 287 (32.7%) subjects were from suburban areas. All the 878 participants were included in the final data analysis, with 415 (47.3%) of the samples being males and 463 (52.7%) being females.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal health status among 35 to 44-year-old Chinese adult in Shanghai 2021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebleeding on probing rate(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erate(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePockets(\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4mm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003erate(n, %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculus number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePockets(\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4mm) number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebleeding on probing number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMean\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMean\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMean\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e217(52.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80(19.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e190(45.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e238(51.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86(18.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e207(44.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrban\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e237(51.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90(15.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168(48.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRural\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148(51.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76(26.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e229(38.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e455(51.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166(18.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e397(45.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, the prevalence of gingival bleeding, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal pockets (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4 mm) were 51.8%, 18.9%, and 45.2%, respectively, in the 35 to 44-year-old age group in 2021. The mean (SD) number of probing bleeding, calculus, and periodontal pockets\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4 mm per individual was 6.49 (8.81), 14.10 (10.16), and 3.39 (5.39), respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.(A)shows the calculus deposition rates of different teeth (exclude third molar) in adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years in Shanghai, in which the calculus deposition rates of maxillary molars (46.6%-51.4%) were higher than other maxillary teeth (37%-24.7%), and that of the mandibular incisors (69.7%-76.7%) were higher than other mandibular teeth (48.7%-61.7%); in general, teeth in mandible had a higher rate of calculus deposition (48.7%-76.7%) than the teeth in maxilla (24.7%-51.4%) .\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.(B), for the probe bleeding rate of each tooth position (excluding the third molar teeth) among adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 in Shanghai, the probe bleeding rate of maxillary molars (28.8%-31.2%) was slightly higher than other teeth in the maxillary (13.3%-22.9%); the right mandibular molar had the highest probing bleeding rate (29.5%-30.1%); and the probe bleeding rate of all teeth in the maxilla (13.3%-31.2%) was lower than that of all teeth in the mandible (20.3%-30.1%); and the gingival bleeding rate of the teeth in maxilla ( 13.3%-31.2%) seems lower than that of the teeth in mandible (20.3%-30.1%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigures \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.(C) shows the pockets detection rate of each tooth in adults aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years in Shanghai, China. In the maxilla, the pocket detection rate of maxillary molars (17.4%-24.5%) was significantly higher than that of other teeth in the maxilla (3.8%-12.0%); in the mandible, the pocket detection rate of mandibular molars (14.8%-22.6%) was also significantly higher than that of other teeth (5.6%-9.3%). Overall, for pocket detection rate, no significant difference was demonstrated between the upper and lower jaws.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis of factors associated to the prevalence of gingival health and CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3mm among 35\u0026ndash;44 years adults in Shanghai\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGingival health\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN(healthy)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevalence(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN(healthy)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevalence(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.429\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e415\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e415\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e463\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e194\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e463\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrban\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e591\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e591\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRural\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e287\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e287\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloss using\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e552\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e213\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e552\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e215\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e215\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e662\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e290\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e665\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration of smoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;10years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;10years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedium income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e356\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e356\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrush frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwice/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e718\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e718\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;Twice/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior high school and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e643\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e299\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e643\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeeth cleaning experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.677\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e777\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e777\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e493\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e493\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e380\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e878\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e357\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e878\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows the results of the univariate analysis between the prevalence of gingival health and each influence factor in the population aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years in Shanghai. It shows that the detection rate of gingival health is 40.7% in the 35\u0026ndash;44 age group, there were significant differences among the groups of place of residence、smoking、education level、age in the detection of health periodontal rate(all \u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); adults living in urban areas had higher rates of gingival health than those living in suburban areas (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); non-smokers had better gingival conditions than smokers (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); adults with better education had higher prevalence of gingival health (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); and younger adults had higher prevalence of gingival health than older adults (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e also demonstrates the results of the univariate analyses between the rate(CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3) and influential factors in the population aged 35\u0026ndash;44 years in Shanghai. The results shows that area、floss using、smoking、duration of smoking、income、education level、age were all associated with the rate of CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) ; adults living in urban areas had a lower rate(CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3) than those in suburban areas (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); adults who have flossed were less likely to have the rate(CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3) than those who have not floss (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); non-smokers had lower CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 rates than those who have smoked(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); among smokers, those who had smoked less than 10 years had a lower rate of CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 than those who had smoked up to 10 years (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); and those who earned higher income tended to have lower rates than others(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); adults with better education had a lower rate of CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05); and younger adults had a lower rate(CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3) than older adults (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with rate of gingival health and CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3mm among 35\u0026ndash;44 years adults in Shanghai\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGingival health\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3mm\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR 95% confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR 95% confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.959\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u0026ndash;1.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.793\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.207\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.79\u0026ndash;1.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.387\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRural\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrban\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.582\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17\u0026ndash;2.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34\u0026ndash;0.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.772\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u0026ndash;3.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.57\u0026ndash;1.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.956\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior high school and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u0026ndash;35.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u0026ndash;0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56-1.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.36\u0026ndash;2.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u0026ndash;1.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u0026ndash;0.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e analyses the above correlates in a logistic multivariate regression model, and further analyses showed that after controlling for confounding factors, area of residence, level of education, smoking and age were all independent factors in periodontal health rate. (\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The analysis also shows that area of residence, level of education, age, whether smoked, and the duration of smoking were independent factors on the rate(CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3) after controlling for confounding factors(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis of factors associated to periodontal pocket、bleeding on probing and calculus number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal pocket(\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4mm) number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculus number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBleeding on Probing number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMean\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMean\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMean\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSD\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.485\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.755\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.892\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrban\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRural\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloss using\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.316\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration of smoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.290\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;10years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;10years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrush frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;Twice/ day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwice/day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior high school and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.735\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedium income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors associated to periodontal pocket、bleeding on probing and calculus number in Linear Regression Models\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeriodontal pocket(\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4mm) number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalculus number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBleeding on Probing(BOP) number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR(95%CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR(95%CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR(95%CI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.99\u0026ndash;1.43)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.90\u0026ndash;1.24)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.507\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.96\u0026ndash;1.35)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.61\u0026ndash;0.85)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.71\u0026ndash;0.95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.051\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.90\u0026ndash;1.23)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.537\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloss using\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.67\u0026ndash;0.95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.82\u0026ndash;1.11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.508\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.78\u0026ndash;1.07)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.245\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.52\u0026ndash;0.80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.63\u0026ndash;0.92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.68\u0026ndash;0.99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrush frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.70\u0026ndash;1.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.69-1.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.67\u0026ndash;0.99)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(1.15\u0026ndash;1.59)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.94\u0026ndash;1.24)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.301\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.90\u0026ndash;1.21)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.568\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.62\u0026ndash;0.77)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.79\u0026ndash;0.96)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.79\u0026ndash;0.97)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.98\u0026ndash;1.16)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.92\u0026ndash;1.06)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.713\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0.91\u0026ndash;1.05)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.556\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, for the number of periodontal pockets, there were statistically significant differences among the groups of place of residence、floss using、smoking、frequency of brushing、income、education level and age in univariate analysis;In Linear Regression Models, place of residence, floss using, smoking, brush frequency, age, and educational level were significantly associated with the number of periodontal pocket (all \u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). For calculus amount, in univariate analysis, there were significant differences among the groups of gender、place of residence、floss using、smoking、brushing frequency、income、education level and age in the detection of calculus number(all \u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05)༛In Linear Regression Models, place of residence, smoking, brush frequency, and educational level were significantly associated with the amount of calculus (all \u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Considering the amount of Bleeding on Probing, only the educational level present significant differences in univariate analysis(\u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05);but in Linear Regression Models, the difference in educational level, brush frequency and smoking groups were all significant (all \u003cb\u003ep\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOral diseases are common diseases affecting human health(Pihlstrom, Michalowicz, \u0026amp; Johnson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e) (Lenartova et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), influenced by traditional concepts, Chinese people pay less attention to oral health(Huang \u0026amp; Dong, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), but in recent years, with the improvement of the overall quality of life and living standards, the demand for oral health has been increasing, and oral health has become a more prominent health issue of public concern at this stage(Dietrich et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Scannapieco \u0026amp; Gershovich, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study investigated the periodontal status among 35-44-year-old adult in Shanghai for the 2021 by including 878 middle-aged individuals, which conclude 357 subjects with gingival health. In this study, the area of residence, level of education, floss using, brush frequency, smoking and age were all independent factors in periodontal health status after controlling for confounding factors. In terms of oral health behaviors, using floss、no smoking or smoking for a less period of time、brush teeth twice a day could be some of protective factors for periodontal status, while the older ages could be a risk factor.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study showed that periodontal status was still not good among 35 to 44 year-old Chinese adults in Shanghai. The prevalence of PD\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4mm was 45.2%, the total prevalence of deep periodontal pockets was 2.2%. Regarding the prevalence of CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3mm and Bleeding on Probing(BoP), it came to 18.9% and 51.8%.However, it is noteworthy that these two indicators was significant lower than that reported by Bao Jun TAI in another Chinese study of the 35 to 44-year-old group(33.2% and 87.4%) in 2015(Sun et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e), and also lower than the same group of population in Hangzhou, 2022༈31.82% and 93.75%)(Huang \u0026amp; Dong, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).Compared to Hangzhou in 2022 or China in 2015, residents in Shanghai have relatively better periodontal status. This improvement may be a result of six years of oral health knowledge promotion and the Oral Health Enhancement Program in Shanghai.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen considering the experience of smoking, our study found that non-smokers tent to have a better periodontal health status than who have smoked, in the indicators including gingival health, prevalence of CAL, numbers of periodontal pocket、BOP and calculus. Furthermore, among those population who have smoked, People who smoked for shorter periods of duration performed better in all the above indicators compared to people who smoked for longer periods of time, which is identical to the previous investigations(Figueredo, Abdelhay, Figueredo, Catunda, \u0026amp; Gibson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Leite, Nascimento, Scheutz, \u0026amp; L\u0026oacute;pez, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Those results are also consistent with current theories that smoking has a significant negative impact on periodontal status(M?Zrak \u0026amp; Kaya, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, there are some researches have found that stopping smoking can be conducive to improve the effects of periodontal treatment(Madi, Smith, Alshehri, Zakaria, \u0026amp; Almas, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e),which mean it\u0026rsquo;s still useful to quit smoking to restore periodontal health status.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, the periodontal conditions between males and females is no obvious from the result of all the measurement indices(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) except the calculus number. Males only tend to have a higher number of calculus, that\u0026rsquo;s a difference compared to Bao Jun TAI reported in another Chinese study\u003csup\u003e[12]\u003c/sup\u003e. In his report, all the differences are obvious when the considering sex, even though females do perform better than males in oral hygiene behaviors such as floss using, brushing, and smoking(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). We speculate that this may be due to the fact that women are not better at getting regular oral checkups and dental cleanings(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) or relate to the effect of sex steroid hormone to periodontium(Suri \u0026amp; Suri, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt showed that in the prevalence of PD\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4mm、CAL\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3mm, gingival health, the age group of 35\u0026ndash;39 have a better performance(40.4%, 13.8%, 44.8%) than the age group of 40\u0026ndash;44 (52.1%, 25.8%, 34.7%).These literature may explain this result: a survey argued that with an increase of age ,individuals pay less attention to oral health, which may be one of the reasons for the higher prevalence of periodontal diseases in the elderly population(Knight \u0026amp; Murray Thomson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e),and in the meantime growing age increases the incidence of local plaque, calculus, and food impaction in the oral cavity, along with decreased metabolic capacity and immune capacity, thus increasing the incidence of periodontal inflammation(Maia, Mendes, \u0026amp; Normando, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study also found that people who has brushed their teeth twice a day or have used floss tent to have better periodontal health status(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). People who have brushed their teeth at least twice a day had significantly lower amounts of calculus and BoP than those who brushed their teeth less than twice a day(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). For those who have used floss, they had significantly fewer periodontal pockets(\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4mm) than those who didn't(\u003cb\u003eP\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), that also showed us the importance of maintaining oral hygiene habits for periodontal status. Such results are also similar to previous studies(Lee, Han, Park, Ryu, \u0026amp; Kim, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Tang, Zhu, Wu, \u0026amp; Ran, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e), which also found the association between oral health behavior and periodontal status. In total, 81.8% of adults has brushed their teeth at least twice a day, but only 36.3% used floss, suggested the oral health awareness of shanghai residents regarding tooth brushing is acceptable, but the practice of floss using still need to be promoted.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt was found that when socioeconomic factors were analyzed, there were no significant differences in periodontal status among those with different incomes. However, when the area of residence and educational level of the population were taken into account, adults living in urban areas had significantly better periodontal status than those living in rural areas, and the adults who had receive higher education had better periodontal status. This may be due to the fact that residents of urban areas have easier access to periodontal treatment, and better educated people are more likely to accept and develop good oral health habits. This influence of socioeconomic factors on periodontal health status has been mentioned in other studies(Oppermann et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Selvaraj et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the current study, we found that by comparing different tooth positions, it seems that teeth with a higher probability of developing calculus(especially incisors in mandibular)also showed a concomitant tendency to be more susceptible to periodontal pockets and attachment loss, a finding that is also in line with current theory(Neely, Holford, L\u0026ouml;e, Anerud, \u0026amp; Boysen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e; White, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e) that calculus has negative impacts on periodontal conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly 38.6% of this population reporting a dental visit within the past year. Among those who had visited the dentist within a year, 52% visited to seek treatment, while only 24.8% visited for consultation or prevention purposes, which suggest that there is still needy to enhance the oral health awareness of adults.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical Attachment Loss(CAL) and gingival health always be seen as the major index to measure periodontal status both in clinical work and epidemiological investigation(Carasol et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Diamanti et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Ilhan et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Jiao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Thwin, Ogawa, Phantumvanit, Songpaisan, \u0026amp; Miyazaki, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).CAL is considered as a direct parameters in the diagnosis of periodontitis, gingival health is also a direct index reflect periodontal status. Therefore, this two indicators were chosen in our study to analyse participants\u0026rsquo; periodontal health high-risk behaviors. However, in the present study, we did not measure Clinical Attachment Loss values for all the teeth of the samples, whereas previous studies have found that the use of index teeth would overestimate all clinical parameters related to periodontal disease(Vettore, Lamarca Gde, Le\u0026atilde;o, Sheiham, \u0026amp; Leal Mdo, 2007). Therefore, in the data analysis, our variable of CAL was a dichotomous variable to reduce this bias.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePeriodontal status among 35 to 44-year-old adults in Shanghai is not good and still needy to be improved, the prevalence of gingival bleeding and periodontal pocket is rarely high. Area of residence, educational level, age, brushing frequency, floss using, smoking and duration of smoking has a significant impact on the status of periodontal health. The innovation of our research lies in the analysis of the current prevalence of periodontal status and its associated factors in 35 to 44-year-old individuals, which provide samples and detailed data to improve periodontal health in the middle-aged population in Shanghai. The limitation of our study is that not all the teeth were examined for the indicator of CAL, which may cause bias and leading to our inability to analyse the prevalence of periodontitis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eDental Ethics Committee of the Chinese Dental Disease Control Foundation (Approval No. 2021-001) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.\u0026nbsp;Every human participant in this study have provide their consent and signed an informed consent form before to being examined.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u003c/strong\u003e All authors agree to publish this article\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of Interest\u003c/strong\u003e: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e This study was funded by the Key Discipline Program of the Sixth Round of the Three-Year Public Health Action Plan (2023-2025) of Shanghai (GWVI-11.1-31)\u0026nbsp;＆\u0026nbsp;(GWVI-11.1-16)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contribution statement:\u003c/strong\u003e All authors have made substantial contributions to conception and design of the study. Dongxin Da, Xiaoli Zeng, Jin Yu, Yiwei Jiang, Huning Wang have been involved in data collection. Junjie Xie, Hao Zhang, Ying Zhang have been involved in data analysis and interpretation. Junjie Xie have been involved in drafting the manuscript, Hao Zhang, Ying Zhang revising it critically and Ying Zhang have given final approval of the version to be published.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e：\u003c/strong\u003eWe would like to thank the staff of various district dental clinics in Shanghai who participated in the project for their help in data collection; on the other hand, we would like to thank the Foundation for supporting the project，which is the Key Discipline Program of the Sixth Round of the Three-Year Public Health Action Plan (2023-2025) of Shanghai (GWVI-11.1-31) and (GWVI-11.1-16).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors information\u003c/strong\u003e：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJunjie Xie（Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHao Zhang（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDongxin Da（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJin Yu（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYiwei Jiang（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuning Wang（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiaoli Zeng（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYing Zhang（Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorresponding authors :\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eXiaoli Zeng（primary,\u0026nbsp;[email protected]，Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYing Zhang（[email protected]，（+86）13917555798，Shanghai Stomatological Hospital）\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlmerich-Silla JM, Almi\u0026ntilde;ana-Pastor PJ, Boronat-Catal\u0026aacute; M, Bellot-Arc\u0026iacute;s C, Montiel-Company JM. 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Switz World Health Organ 2013 47\u0026ndash;50.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"periodontal status, oral health༛ prevalence༛ 35–44 years༛associated factors","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6818209/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6818209/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective：\u003c/strong\u003eTo assess and explore the current periodontal status and periodontal health levels among adults aged 35 to 44 years in Shanghai, and analyse their influential factors which may have an impact on periodontal health status.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod：\u003c/strong\u003eData were collected in 6 districts of Shanghai, China(four urban and two rural areas were included) from March 2021 to October 2021, multi-stage, stratified and random sampling were used in this survey. All the subjects are 35-44 years old. Overall, a total of 878 subjects were enrolled in the study, each of whom was required to answer and fill out a questionnaire and undergo a professional oral health examination.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults：\u003c/strong\u003e878 subjects were included in this study, the prevalence of gingival bleeding and calculus was 51.8% and 88.8%, respectively, and the prevalence of gingival health was 40.7%，in the 35- to 44-year-old population. The prevalence of shallow periodontal pockets (4 mm ≤ PD \u0026lt; 6 mm) and deep periodontal pockets (PD ≥ 6 mm) was 47.6% and 2.2%, respectively, in the 35- to 44-year-old population. In addition, the prevalence of clinical attachment loss (CAL ≥ 3mm) was 18.9%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion：\u003c/strong\u003eCitizens in Shanghai have a high prevalence of periodontal disease, with a relatively large percentag\u003cu\u003ee\u003c/u\u003e of bleeding on probing、calculus and shallow periodontal pockets among adults aged 35 to 44 years. Gender, living area, education level, income, age, t\u003cu\u003eeeth cleaning experience\u003c/u\u003e, smoking, duration of smoking, brushing frequency, and floss using may be influential factors in periodontal status.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of periodontal health status among adults aged 35-44 years in Shanghai, China：A cross-sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-04 10:00:22","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6818209/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-22T07:27:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-16T01:40:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-10T09:53:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-08T20:07:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-08T05:43:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"223421733875837028186293210384561565420","date":"2025-11-25T16:18:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"127785179047205726589670323368392114403","date":"2025-11-22T17:02:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"198248924731200523403824874300681624463","date":"2025-11-20T19:31:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"88575031973726381728704214184968034033","date":"2025-11-20T15:02:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-02T14:05:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-02T14:02:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-23T13:03:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-21T01:27:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Oral Health","date":"2025-06-21T01:24:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"37261d88-1dbd-44d6-bda4-485a52b135f4","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-27T15:23:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-04 10:00:22","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6818209","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6818209","identity":"rs-6818209","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}