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by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-03
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This paper studied TRUE gene silencing, a technology in which 14-nt, fully 2′-O-methylated, phosphorothioate small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) recruit tRNase ZL to cleave target RNAs, using the nuclear long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in A549 cells. The authors designed six sgRNAs (sgRM1–sgRM6) targeting MALAT1 and found that sgRM1, sgRM2, and sgRM6 suppressed MALAT1 levels, while the other sgRNAs had little effect; they supported mechanism by in vitro tRNase ZL cleavage assays, microscopy showing nuclear-enriched sgRNA localization, and tRNase ZL knockdown attenuating suppression. They further reported that effective sgRNAs reduced A549 cell viability. The paper explicitly ties its work to cancer- and stress-related MALAT1 biology, but does not discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; its inclusion in the corpus comes from keyword matching. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Abstract
We have been developing a gene suppression technology, tRNase Z L -utilizing efficacious (TRUE) gene silencing, in which artificially designed small guide RNA (sgRNA) guides tRNase Z L to cleave cellular target RNA. In this study, we examined 14-nt linear-type sgRNAs, which are fully 2′- O -methylated and have full phosphorothioate linkages, for their ability to suppress a level of a nuclear-localized long non-coding RNA, Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1). The MALAT1 RNA is implied to be involved in stress responses and diseases including cancers. Specifically, we designed six 14-nt linear-type sgRNAs, sgRM1−sgRM6 that target the human MALAT1 RNA. sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6 suppressed the MALAT1 RNA level, while the other sgRNAs showed little effect. In order to demonstrate that the suppression effect of sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6 on the MALAT1 RNA level is caused by TRUE gene silencing, we performed in vitro tRNase Z L cleavage assay, microscopic analysis for nuclear existence of sgRNA, and tRNase Z L knockdown experiment. For the in vitro tRNase Z L cleavage assay, three 30-nt MALAT1 RNA fragments, TM1, TM2 and TM6 were prepared, which were RNA targets for sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6, respectively. All of the sgRNAs guided recombinant tRNase Z L in vitro to cleave their own targets, although the cleavage efficiency changed depending on target/sgRNA pairs. By fluorescence microscopy, a 14-nt 5′-Alexa568-labeled sgRNA released from liposome was observed to be distributed ubiquitously in A549 cells with higher density in the nucleus, where both the target MALAT1 RNA and tRNase Z L exist. Knockdown of tRNase Z L by siRNA attenuated the suppression effect of sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6 on the MALAT1 RNA level. We also demonstrated that the effective sgRNAs sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6 reduce A549 cell viability.
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Abstract
We have been developing a gene suppression technology, tRNase ZL-utilizing efficacious (TRUE) gene silencing, in which artificially designed small guide RNA (sgRNA) guides tRNase ZL to cleave cellular target RNA. In this study, we examined 14-nt linear-type sgRNAs, which are fully 2′-O-methylated and have full phosphorothioate linkages, for their ability to suppress a level of a nuclear-localized long non-coding RNA, Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1). The MALAT1 RNA is implied to be involved in stress responses and diseases including cancers. Specifically, we designed six 14-nt linear-type sgRNAs, sgRM1−sgRM6 that target the human MALAT1 RNA. sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6 suppressed the MALAT1 RNA level, while the other sgRNAs showed little effect. In order to demonstrate that the suppression effect of sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6 on the MALAT1 RNA level is caused by TRUE gene silencing, we performed in vitro tRNase ZL cleavage assay, microscopic analysis for nuclear existence of sgRNA, and tRNase ZL knockdown experiment. For the in vitro tRNase ZL cleavage assay, three 30-nt MALAT1 RNA fragments, TM1, TM2 and TM6 were prepared, which were RNA targets for sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6, respectively. All of the sgRNAs guided recombinant tRNase ZL in vitro to cleave their own targets, although the cleavage efficiency changed depending on target/sgRNA pairs. By fluorescence microscopy, a 14-nt 5′-Alexa568-labeled sgRNA released from liposome was observed to be distributed ubiquitously in A549 cells with higher density in the nucleus, where both the target MALAT1 RNA and tRNase ZL exist. Knockdown of tRNase ZL by siRNA attenuated the suppression effect of sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6 on the MALAT1 RNA level. We also demonstrated that the effective sgRNAs sgRM1, sgRM2 and sgRM6 reduce A549 cell viability.
Competing Interest Statement
I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: The author MN is an advisor of Veritas In Silico Inc., and owns stock of the company.
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