1H Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic study for Cabernet Sauvignon wines in different vintages

An 1 H NMR-based metabolomic study was used to characterize 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 vintages of Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Ningxia that were vinified in the same fermentation technique. The pattern recognition methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) clearly distinguished vintages of wine, driven by the following metabolites: valine,2,3-butanediol, ethyl acetate, proline, succinic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, glycerol, gallic acid and choline. The PLS-DA loading plots also differentiated between the metabolites of different vintages. The highest levels of valine, 2,3-butanediol, gallic acid and proline were found in the 2009 vintage wines. The 2011 vintage wines contained the highest levels of lactic acid, and the highest levels of ethyl acetate, succinic acid, glycerol and choline were detected in the 2012 vintage wines. A total of 8 metabolites were selected from the 1 H NMR spectra and quantified according to their peak areas, yielding concentrations in a greement with the PLS-DA results.