The challenge of assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): An umbrella review on the PTSD prevalence following different types of traumatic events

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most serious and incapacitating mental diseases that can result from trauma exposure. However, despite its relevance, there is still considerable confusion and debate surrounding its diagnosis. The aim of this umbrella review is to clarify the overall prevalence of PTSD. Furthermore, the study examined whether the diagnostic methodology applied (self-reported vs structured interviews) and the nature of the traumatic event (interpersonal vs not interpersonal) impact on PTSD prevalence. A systematic search of major databases and additional sources was conducted. Fifty-nine reviews met the criteria of this umbrella review. Overall PTSD prevalence was 23.95% (95% CI 20.74 - 27.15), with no publication bias or significant small-study effects, but a high level of heterogeneity between meta-analyses. Findings suggest that using structured clinical interviews results in a lower PTSD prevalence than using of self-report instruments, while no difference was found in the disorder prevalence when confronting interpersonal and non-interpersonal events. This analysis gives a solid foundation for future research and PTSD assessment.