Predicting Indoor Air Pollution Reduction Behavior Among Urban Residents of Bangladesh Using an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Model

This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. This is version 1 of this Preprint. You must log in to post a comment. There are no comments or no comments have been made public for this article. This is a Preprint and has not been peer reviewed. This is version 1 of this Preprint. Add a Comment You must log in to post a comment. Comments There are no comments or no comments have been made public for this article. Indoor air pollution (IAP), with elevated levels of fine particulate matter, significantly impacts public health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Bangladesh where reliance on biomass fuels and inadequate ventilation leads to high pollutant concentrations exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. While technological interventions have been explored, behavioral determinants of IAP reduction remain largely underexplored. Therefore, this study investigated the psychosocial determinants of indoor air pollution reduction behaviors among 410 urban residents in Bangladesh using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model following a cross-sectional study design via a 35-item structured online questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to test the measurement model’s reliability and validity. The SEM results indicated significant positive associations of attitude (AT) (β = 0.836, p < 0.001), subjective norm (SN) (β = 0.430, p < 0.001), perceived behavioral control (PBC) (β = 0.334, p = 0.004), environmental concern (EC) (β = 0.661, p < 0.001), and actual behavior (AB) (β = 0.832, p < 0.001) with behavioral intention (BI). Moderation analysis showed that PBC moderated the relationships between AT and BI (β = –0.386, p = 0.045) and between SN and BI (β = –0.437, p = 0.021), with higher PBC linked to stronger BI regardless of AT or SN levels. Our findings highlight the significance of enhancing public health efforts in resource-limited urban settings, with interventions that strengthen behavioral control, promote environmental awareness, and social norms may enhance sustainable practices to reduce IAP. https://doi.org/10.32942/X25D3F Environmental Studies, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences Indoor air pollution, Theory of Planned Behavior, Urban area, Behavioral intention, pro-environmental behavior Published: 2025-11-24 08:14 Last Updated: 2025-11-24 08:14 CC-By Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Data and Code Availability Statement: The author confirms that all data generated or analyzed in this study are included in the manuscript. Furthermore, the primary sources and the data supporting the findings of this study will be available upon request. Language: English