Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al dissimilar metals joint by Sn foil-assisted oscillation laser welding

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al dissimilar metals joint by Sn foil-assisted oscillation laser welding | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al dissimilar metals joint by Sn foil-assisted oscillation laser welding dianwu zhou, Xinyu Wang, Rui Zhang, Lei Zhao, Zhaoguo He, Jinshui Liu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5758514/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Stannum (Sn) foil-assisted oscillation laser welding of AZ31 magnesium (Mg) and 6061 aluminum (Al) alloys in butt joint were performed. Influence of linear oscillation laser-Sn foil coupling on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al dissimilar metals joints was studied. The temperature field and flow field distribution including chemical potential of each element were also calculated. The results demonstrate that increasing Mg content induces a significant reduction in Sn's chemical potential to 227 kJ/mol, driving preferential Sn diffusion toward the Mg-rich region and thereby promoting Mg-Sn compound formation. Conversely, the driving force for Al atom diffusion decreases with the increase of Sn content, which suppresses the formation of Mg-Al compounds. Under linear oscillation conditions, whether or not Sn foil is added, the maximum tensile load of Mg/Al joint first increases and then decreases with the increase of oscillation frequency, and it reaches a maximum value of 997.68 N at 50 Hz with the addition of Sn foil, which is 18% higher than that without foil. The improved joint properties are dominated by metallurgical regulation of Sn foil, which benefits from the enhanced fluidity of molten pool and heat transfer in the width direction of molten pool leading to the reduced difference in dissolution amounts of Mg and Al sides and the phase composition transformation from Mg 2 Al 3 + Mg 17 Al 12 +ɑ-Mg to Mg 17 Al 12 + Mg 2 Sn compounds. Oscillation laser welding AZ31 Mg alloy 6061 Al alloy Sn foil Intermetallic compounds Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 31 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Apr, 2025 Editor invited by journal 26 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 25 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 21 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5758514","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":444960337,"identity":"3b354128-0d66-4ccd-9b88-d146b00ab342","order_by":0,"name":"dianwu zhou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC+/k9BiCah4+9sfHBB2K0MM44A9HCxnO42XAGcVpywFoY2CTS26Q5iNHCLJFj+IAxx06GTfJhgzQDg52cbgMBLWwSuZsNGLcl87BJJzYYFzAkG5sdIKCFRyJ3mwTjNmawluQZDAcStxHSIiGRu/0H47Z6HjbJgw2HeYjRYiCR/42BcdthHjYJxsZmIrWcKwY67DgwkBObGWcYEOEXYFQafmDcVm3Pz378+Y8PFXZyBLWAAPMfhKVEKB8Fo2AUjIJRQBgAALFqPJh3UKiSAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-0454","institution":"Hunan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"dianwu","middleName":"","lastName":"zhou","suffix":""},{"id":444960338,"identity":"5c3e5303-7a9a-4f8d-ae99-7b6fbf44628a","order_by":1,"name":"Xinyu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":444960339,"identity":"d011ea7c-e4c2-4da4-ac1a-a0a7600213f0","order_by":2,"name":"Rui Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rui","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":444960340,"identity":"31ff0c1a-5199-4807-a9fe-a09c848fd977","order_by":3,"name":"Lei Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lei","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":444960341,"identity":"0ab37be3-6488-4367-b524-017a2152e365","order_by":4,"name":"Zhaoguo He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhaoguo","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":444960342,"identity":"0885eb5d-149b-43ac-b38e-6ca2bffafead","order_by":5,"name":"Jinshui Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinshui","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-03 13:18:53","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5758514/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5758514/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81239008,"identity":"44653a42-f59c-4994-8803-2b5236ddfcee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-23 21:06:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1395895,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"zhourevisedWITWmanuscript321.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5758514/v1_covered_95f44b89-74b3-42d1-a039-b1cab53b8b6e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al dissimilar metals joint by Sn foil-assisted oscillation laser welding","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"welding-in-the-world","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"witw","sideBox":"Learn more about [Welding in the World](https://www.springer.com/journal/40194)","snPcode":"40194","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/witw/","title":"Welding in the World","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Oscillation laser welding, AZ31 Mg alloy, 6061 Al alloy, Sn foil, Intermetallic compounds","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5758514/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5758514/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eStannum (Sn) foil-assisted oscillation laser welding of AZ31 magnesium (Mg) and 6061 aluminum (Al) alloys in butt joint were performed. Influence of linear oscillation laser-Sn foil coupling on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al dissimilar metals joints was studied. The temperature field and flow field distribution including chemical potential of each element were also calculated. The results demonstrate that increasing Mg content induces a significant reduction in Sn's chemical potential to 227 kJ/mol, driving preferential Sn diffusion toward the Mg-rich region and thereby promoting Mg-Sn compound formation. Conversely, the driving force for Al atom diffusion decreases with the increase of Sn content, which suppresses the formation of Mg-Al compounds. Under linear oscillation conditions, whether or not Sn foil is added, the maximum tensile load of Mg/Al joint first increases and then decreases with the increase of oscillation frequency, and it reaches a maximum value of 997.68 N at 50 Hz with the addition of Sn foil, which is 18% higher than that without foil. The improved joint properties are dominated by metallurgical regulation of Sn foil, which benefits from the enhanced fluidity of molten pool and heat transfer in the width direction of molten pool leading to the reduced difference in dissolution amounts of Mg and Al sides and the phase composition transformation from Mg\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eAl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Mg\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eAl\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e+ɑ-Mg to Mg\u003csub\u003e17\u003c/sub\u003eAl\u003csub\u003e12\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Mg\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eSn compounds.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al dissimilar metals joint by Sn foil-assisted oscillation laser welding","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-23 20:41:56","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5758514/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-06-01T01:36:58+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-18T20:00:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Welding in the World","date":"2025-03-26T13:00:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-25T16:17:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Welding in the World","date":"2025-03-22T00:03:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"welding-in-the-world","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"witw","sideBox":"Learn more about [Welding in the World](https://www.springer.com/journal/40194)","snPcode":"40194","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/witw/","title":"Welding in the World","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cc94f000-039e-436f-af5e-4ed8788bc102","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-30T20:30:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-23 20:41:56","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5758514","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5758514","identity":"rs-5758514","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}