Using Total Body Score and Percentage Mass Change to Measure the Impact of Body Size on Decomposition Rate in Juvenile Sus Scrofa Remains

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the body size of a cadaver and the rate of decomposition, specifically focusing on juvenile remains. The research sought to address the lack of comprehensive studies on how juvenile-sized cadavers decompose compared to adults, which has direct relevance to forensic science and crime statistics involving juvenile victims. Methods The study utilized pig cadavers representing two size groups, with regular monitoring of total body score (TBS) and percentage mass change (PMC) over an 18-week period. To ensure the reliability of the TBS system, three independent observers assessed the cadavers. Results Findings revealed that larger cadavers, ranging (12.3–16.1 kilograms), decomposed more rapidly during the initial stages of decomposition. However, smaller cadavers, weighing between (6.6–7.1 kilograms), consistently exhibited accelerated decomposition rates compared to larger cadavers from weeks four to twelve when assessed using TBS. Importantly, the inter-rater evaluation of the TBS system demonstrated a high inter-rater reliability. Conclusion This study addresses a critical gap in forensic science research by shedding light on the decomposition patterns of juvenile-sized remains. The findings have significant implications for crime statistics, particularly in cases involving juvenile victims, where a comprehensive understanding of decomposition rates can aid investigations. Given the high rates of unsolved cases involving juvenile victims, this research underscores the need for further studies in this specific area, particularly within a UK context. Such research can potentially lead to more effective crime-solving strategies and contribute to improving the handling of juvenile remains in forensic investigations.