High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

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Berumen" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": "Coral spawning in the northern Gulf of Aqaba has been reported to be asynchronous, making it almost unique when compared to other regions in the world. Here, we document the reproductive condition of Acropora corals in early June 2014 in Dahab, in the Gulf of Aqaba, 125 km south of previous studies conducted in Eilat, Israel. Seventy-eight percent of Acropora colonies from 14 species had mature eggs, indicating that most colonies will spawn on or around the June full moon, with a very high probability of multi-species synchronous spawning. Given the proximity to Eilat, we predict that a comparable sampling protocol would detect similar levels of reproductive synchrony throughout the Gulf of Aqaba consistent with the hypothesis that high levels of spawning synchrony are a feature of all speciose coral assemblages." } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/4-2/v1", "name": "High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in..." } } ] } Home Browse High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Bouwmeester J and Berumen ML. High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6004.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Observation Article High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] Jessica Bouwmeester 1 , Michael L. Berumen 1 Jessica Bouwmeester 1 , Michael L. Berumen 1 PUBLISHED 05 Jan 2015 Author details Author details 1 Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Coral spawning in the northern Gulf of Aqaba has been reported to be asynchronous, making it almost unique when compared to other regions in the world. Here, we document the reproductive condition of Acropora corals in early June 2014 in Dahab, in the Gulf of Aqaba, 125 km south of previous studies conducted in Eilat, Israel. Seventy-eight percent of Acropora colonies from 14 species had mature eggs, indicating that most colonies will spawn on or around the June full moon, with a very high probability of multi-species synchronous spawning. Given the proximity to Eilat, we predict that a comparable sampling protocol would detect similar levels of reproductive synchrony throughout the Gulf of Aqaba consistent with the hypothesis that high levels of spawning synchrony are a feature of all speciose coral assemblages. READ ALL READ LESS Corresponding Author(s) Jessica Bouwmeester ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Jessica Bouwmeester Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: Funding was provided by KAUST grants (URF/1/1389-01-01 and CCF/1/1973-01-01) as well as baseline research funds to MLB. Copyright: © 2015 Bouwmeester J and Berumen ML. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). How to cite: Bouwmeester J and Berumen ML. High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6004.1 ) First published: 05 Jan 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6004.1 ) Latest published: 05 Jan 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6004.1 ) Observation Multi-species synchronous spawning of scleractinian corals is a feature reported from almost all speciose coral assemblages ( Baird et al. , 2009a ; Baird et al. , 2010 ; Raj & Edwards, 2010 ), including the Arabian Sea ( Baird et al. , 2014 ), and the Red Sea ( Bouwmeester et al. , 2011 ; Bouwmeester et al. , 2014 ; Hanafy et al. , 2010 ). A notable exception is at Eilat, on the Israeli coast, in the Gulf of Aqaba, where spawning is described as asynchronous with different species spawning in different seasons, on different months, and at different stages of the lunar cycle, with no overlap in spawning between species ( Shlesinger & Loya, 1985 ; Shlesinger et al. , 1998 ). Here, we quantify the reproductive synchrony of Acropora corals in Dahab, on the Egyptian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, 125 km south of Eilat, Israel ( Figure 1 ). Among Red Sea reef habitats, fringing reefs in the Gulf of Aqaba support distinct coral assemblages with high cover and diversity of hard corals ( DeVantier et al. , 2000 ). Figure 1. Map of a the Red Sea, showing the location of previous work on scleractinian coral spawning in the Red Sea, and b the Gulf of Aqaba, showing Dahab, our study site. The reproductive condition of 90 colonies from 15 Acropora species was assessed at two dive sites in Dahab, Um Sid (28° 25’14.16”N, 34° 27’27.52”E) and Eel Garden (28° 30’19.21”N, 34° 31’15.58”E), from the 2 nd to the 4 th of June 2014, a week before the full moon that month ( Table 1 ). Acropora colonies at 1–10m depth were examined on snorkel by breaking 1–3 coral branches below the sterile apical zone to expose the developing oocytes. Colonies were recorded as mature when oocytes were visible and pigmented ( Figure 2 ), immature when oocytes were visible and white, and empty when oocytes were too small to see with the naked eye or absent (following Baird et al. , 2002 ). Colonies with mature oocytes are highly likely to spawn close to the night of the next full moon (in this case, the June full moon), whereas colonies with immature eggs are likely to spawn on or around a full moon one or two months later (in this case the July or August full moon). Colonies without oocytes have either already spawned or are unlikely to do so for at least three months. Table 1. Percentage (%) of Acropora colonies with mature, immature, and no visible oocytes, on the 2–4 June 2014, in Dahab, Egypt, in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. n: number of sampled colonies. Species % mature % immature % empty n Acropora aculeus 100 0 0 4 Acropora cytherea 22 11 67 9 Acropora digitifera 100 0 0 6 Acropora eurystoma 86 0 14 7 Acropora gemmifera 100 0 0 7 Acropora horrida 0 0 100 1 Acropora humilis 50 25 25 8 Acropora lutkeni 75 0 25 4 Acropora microclados 100 0 0 4 Acropora monticulosa 100 0 0 7 Acropora nasuta 86 0 14 7 Acropora polystoma 80 0 20 10 Acropora cf samoensis 100 0 0 6 Acropora valida 100 0 0 3 Acropora variolosa 57 0 43 7 Total 78 3 19 90 Figure 2. a Exposed oocytes in a mature colony of Acropora variolosa b close-up of pigmented oocytes. Seventy-one percent of Acropora colonies had mature oocytes and an additional three percent had immature oocytes ( Table 1 ). No oocytes were observed in the remaining colonies. Fourteen out of 15 species had at least one colony with mature eggs, and in seven of those species, 100% of the sampled colonies had mature eggs ( Table 1 ). The reproductive condition in the Acropora assemblage at Dahab in June is very similar to that estimated in Acropora assemblages on the Egyptian coast of the northern Red Sea, where 85% of colonies from 12 species had mature oocytes in Marsa Alam in April 2008 and 99% of colonies from 17 species had mature oocytes in Hurghada in April 2009 ( Hanafy et al. , 2010 ). Subsequent sampling in both years revealed the absence of oocytes in all but one of these species, indicating that spawning had occurred sometime in the previous couple of weeks, most likely around the full moon of April ( Hanafy et al. , 2010 ). Nighttime observations in 2012 in Hurghada revealed spawning of 12 Acropora species over two consecutive nights around the full moon of May ( Kotb, 2012 ). Similarly, 13 Acropora species in Thuwal, central Red Sea ( Figure 1a ), were observed to spawn together on the same night, both in April 2011 and in April 2012, following initial reproductive surveys which revealed 65% of mature Acropora colonies from 9 species in 2011 and 39% of mature Acropora colonies from 16 species in 2012 ( Bouwmeester et al. , 2014 ). The high percentage of species and colonies with mature oocytes in Dahab one week before the June full moon strongly suggests they will spawn synchronously as observed in Thuwal in the central Red Sea ( Bouwmeester et al. , 2011 ; Bouwmeester et al. , 2014 ) and in Hurghada in the northern Red Sea ( Hanafy et al. , 2010 ; Kotb, 2012 ). Broadcast spawning of corals in most locations of the Indo-Pacific occurs as sea surface temperatures are increasing or when temperatures are close to their annual maxima ( Baird et al. , 2009a ). In Dahab, waters start warming in the months of March-April, rising from 21–22°C to a maximum of 26–27°C in the month of August ( Cornils et al. , 2007 ; Plähn et al. , 2002 ). Spawning in June most likely occurs when temperatures are ~24–25°C, possibly an optimum temperature for spawning and early larval development in the Gulf of Aqaba. The month of spawning of Acropora species in the Gulf of Aqaba is two months later than in the northern and central Red Sea, where most Acropora spawn in April ( Bouwmeester et al. , 2014 ; Hanafy et al. , 2010 ). This one or two-month offset is not surprising due to the difference in local temperature regimes and is similar to the latitudinal pattern observed along the east coast of Australia and from the Philippines to Japan ( Baird et al. , 2009b ). Spawning in Dahab does not seem to occur before the waters reach 24–25°C, suggesting that a minimal temperature threshold is required during the warming of surface waters for spawning. In the central Red Sea, those temperatures are reached in March-April, and indeed multi-species spawning of Acropora has been recorded in April at 25–27°C ( Bouwmeester et al. , 2014 ). Our data from Dahab match the data from Eilat ( Shlesinger & Loya, 1985 ) for the timing of Acropora spawning in the Gulf of Aqaba, however, the larger number of Acropora species examined in the present study allows us to understand reproductive synchrony within this genus much more effectively. Indeed, we predict that with a comparable sampling protocol, similar levels of Acropora reproductive synchrony would be detected at Eilat, only 125 km north of Dahab, and would support the hypothesis that high levels of spawning synchrony are a feature of all speciose coral assemblages ( Guest et al. , 2005 ). The length of the scleractinian reproductive season can be established by sampling distantly related species from the coral assemblage, which in Eilat lasts four months for broadcast spawning species ( Guest et al. , 2005 ; Shlesinger & Loya 1985 ; Shlesinger et al. , 1998 ), but sampling closely related species such as Acropora species will determine whether overlap in spawning occurs and will allow estimation of the level of synchrony in the assemblage. Author contributions JB conceived the study and collected the data. All authors wrote the manuscript. Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information Funding was provided by KAUST grants (URF/1/1389-01-01 and CCF/1/1973-01-01) as well as baseline research funds to MLB. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Andrew H. Baird for providing constructive comments on the manuscript. We also thank Hagag, Hamd, Eid, Selim, and Barbara for logistical support in Dahab. Faculty Opinions recommended References Baird AH, Marshall PA, Wolstenholme JK: Latitudinal variation in the reproduction of Acropora in the Coral Sea. Proc 9th Int Coral Reef Symp. 2002; 1 : 385–389. Reference Source Baird AH, Guest JR, Willis BL: Systematic and biogeographical patterns in the reproductive biology of scleractinian corals. Annu Rev of Ecol Evol Syst. 2009a; 40 : 551–571. Publisher Full Text Baird AH, Birrell CL, Hughes TP, et al. : Latitudinal variation in reproductive synchrony in Acropora assemblages: Japan vs. Australia. Galaxea. 2009b; 11 (2): 101–108. Publisher Full Text Baird AH, Kospartov MC, Purcell S: Reproductive synchrony in Acropora assemblages on reefs of New Caledonia. Pac Sci. 2010; 64 (3): 405–412. Publisher Full Text Baird AH, Abrego D, Howells EJ, et al. : The reproductive season of Acropora in Socotra, Yemen. [v2; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/392 ] F1000Res. 2014; 3 : 78. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Bouwmeester J, Khalil MT, De La Torre P, et al. : Synchronous spawning of Acropora in the Red Sea. Coral Reefs. 2011; 30 (4): 1011–1011. Publisher Full Text Bouwmeester J, Baird AH, Chen CJ, et al. : Multi-species spawning synchrony within scleractinian coral assemblages in the Red Sea. Coral Reefs. 2014; 1–13. Publisher Full Text Cornils A, Schnack-Schiel S, Al-Najjar T, et al. : The seasonal cycle of the epipelagic mesozooplankton in the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). J Mar Syst. 2007; 68 (1–2): 278–292. Publisher Full Text DeVantier L, Turak E, Al-Shaikh K, et al. : Coral communities of the central-northern Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Fauna of Arabia. 2000; 18 : 23–66. Reference Source Guest JR, Baird AH, Goh BPL, et al. : Seasonal reproduction in equatorial reef corals. Inverteb Reprod Dev. 2005; 48 : 207–218. Publisher Full Text Hanafy MH, Aamer MA, Habib M, et al. : Synchronous reproduction of corals in the Red Sea. Coral Reefs. 2010; 29 (1): 119–124. Publisher Full Text Kotb MMA: Reef Check spotlight: Synchronized coral spawning in the Red Sea. The Transect Line. 2012; 2. Reference Source Plähn O, Baschek B, Badewien TH, et al. : Importance of the Gulf of Aqaba for the formation of bottom water in the Red Sea. J Geophys Res. 2002; 107 (C8): 22-1–22-18. Publisher Full Text Raj KD, Patterson J: Observations on the reproduction of Acropora corals along the Tuticorin coast of the Gulf of Mannar, Southeastern India. Indian J Mar Sci. 2010; 39 (2): 219–226. Reference Source Shlesinger Y, Loya Y: Coral community reproductive patterns: Red Sea versus the Great Barrier Reef. Science. 1985; 228 (4705): 1333–1335. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Shlesinger Y, Goulet T, Loya Y: Reproductive patterns of scleractinian corals in the northern Red Sea. Mar Biol. 1998; 132 (4): 691–701. Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 05 Jan 2015 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information Funding was provided by KAUST grants (URF/1/1389-01-01 and CCF/1/1973-01-01) as well as baseline research funds to MLB. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 05 Jan 2015, 4:2 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6004.1 Copyright © 2015 Bouwmeester J and Berumen ML. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication). Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Bouwmeester J and Berumen ML. High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6004.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 05 Jan 2015 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Bauman AG. Reviewer Report For: High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.6425.r7208 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/4-2/v1#referee-response-7208 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 16 Jan 2015 Andrew G. Bauman , Department of Biological Sciences, Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.6425.r7208 This article presents information on the reproductive synchrony of 15 Acropora species in the southern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. This is a sound study that used well-established sampling techniques, and provides adequate details for the methods, results and findings. ... Continue reading READ ALL This article presents information on the reproductive synchrony of 15 Acropora species in the southern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. This is a sound study that used well-established sampling techniques, and provides adequate details for the methods, results and findings. Their results showed a high proportion of Acropora colonies (78%) sampled prior to the full moon in June had mature oocytes and suggest that most colonies will spawn in June, with a high probability of multi-species spawning. Most interestingly, their data matched previously spawning records from Eilat, 125km north of their site, providing additional evidence that high levels of spawning synchrony are likely a feature of all speciose coral assemblages. NOTE: While I agree with the authors that it is likely that the colonies with mature (pigmented) oocytes are generally considered to spawn on, or shortly after, the subsequent full moon, conducting follow up surveys in the subsequent months (i.e., July and August) would confirm whether colonies are in fact releasing all of their gametes. In a similar reproductive study conducted in the neighboring Persian Gulf ( Bauman et al., 2011 ) mature colonies were found over four consecutive months suggesting that some colonies are either not releasing mature gametes or that some colonies are spawning twice. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Bauman AG. Reviewer Report For: High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.6425.r7208 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/4-2/v1#referee-response-7208 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Kenyon J. Reviewer Report For: High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.6425.r7207 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/4-2/v1#referee-response-7207 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 07 Jan 2015 Jean Kenyon , Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oahu, HI, USA Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.6425.r7207 The research uses an accepted method of assessing reproductive condition in Acropora colonies. The article clearly and concisely reports the location, species, and number of colonies sampled and provides background context on other coral reproductive sampling in the Red Sea, ... Continue reading READ ALL The research uses an accepted method of assessing reproductive condition in Acropora colonies. The article clearly and concisely reports the location, species, and number of colonies sampled and provides background context on other coral reproductive sampling in the Red Sea, which combine to bring the reader to the same conclusions as the authors regarding multi-species spawning synchrony in this region. One hopes the authors will find the resources to test their hypothesis that similar levels of Acropora reproductive synchrony would be detected at Eilat using a comparable sampling protocol. Overall, the writing (including title, abstract, and main body of text) is succinct and provides an appropriate level of detail. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Kenyon J. Reviewer Report For: High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.6425.r7207 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/4-2/v1#referee-response-7207 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 05 Jan 2015 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 1 05 Jan 15 read read Jean Kenyon , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oahu, USA Andrew G. Bauman , National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2015 Bauman A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 16 Jan 2015 | for Version 1 Andrew G. Bauman , Department of Biological Sciences, Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 0 Views copyright © 2015 Bauman A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This article presents information on the reproductive synchrony of 15 Acropora species in the southern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. This is a sound study that used well-established sampling techniques, and provides adequate details for the methods, results and findings. Their results showed a high proportion of Acropora colonies (78%) sampled prior to the full moon in June had mature oocytes and suggest that most colonies will spawn in June, with a high probability of multi-species spawning. Most interestingly, their data matched previously spawning records from Eilat, 125km north of their site, providing additional evidence that high levels of spawning synchrony are likely a feature of all speciose coral assemblages. NOTE: While I agree with the authors that it is likely that the colonies with mature (pigmented) oocytes are generally considered to spawn on, or shortly after, the subsequent full moon, conducting follow up surveys in the subsequent months (i.e., July and August) would confirm whether colonies are in fact releasing all of their gametes. In a similar reproductive study conducted in the neighboring Persian Gulf ( Bauman et al., 2011 ) mature colonies were found over four consecutive months suggesting that some colonies are either not releasing mature gametes or that some colonies are spawning twice. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Bauman AG. Peer Review Report For: High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.6425.r7208) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/4-2/v1#referee-response-7208 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2015 Kenyon J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 07 Jan 2015 | for Version 1 Jean Kenyon , Hawaiian and Pacific Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oahu, HI, USA 0 Views copyright © 2015 Kenyon J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The research uses an accepted method of assessing reproductive condition in Acropora colonies. The article clearly and concisely reports the location, species, and number of colonies sampled and provides background context on other coral reproductive sampling in the Red Sea, which combine to bring the reader to the same conclusions as the authors regarding multi-species spawning synchrony in this region. One hopes the authors will find the resources to test their hypothesis that similar levels of Acropora reproductive synchrony would be detected at Eilat using a comparable sampling protocol. Overall, the writing (including title, abstract, and main body of text) is succinct and provides an appropriate level of detail. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Kenyon J. Peer Review Report For: High reproductive synchrony of Acropora (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2015, 4 :2 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.6425.r7207) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/4-2/v1#referee-response-7207 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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