Designing and Implementing an Antenna on ESP32 for Mesh Network Internet Access and Offline File Transfer.

Designing and Implementing an Antenna on ESP32 for Mesh Network Internet Access and Offline File Transfer. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Designing and Implementing an Antenna on ESP32 for Mesh Network Internet Access and Offline File Transfer. Ayush Jha, Vaishnavi Shripati, Prativa Saraswala This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6920197/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This project develops a long-range wireless communication system for remote or disaster-stricken areas, utilizing ESP32-based mesh networks with a custom high-gain helical antenna. The antenna, optimized for the 2.4 GHz band through MATLAB and ANSYS HFSS simulations, was integrated with ESP32-WROOM-32UE modules. The system, programmed with ESP-IDF, supports offline file transfers via FTP and HTTP, with encryption and authentication for security. While the built-in PCB antenna of the ESP32 typically provides a limited range of about 50 meters under line-of-sight (LOS) conditions, the custom helical antenna extended the communication range to 1.2 km in LOS and 400 meters in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. The mesh network demonstrated reliable, secure, and efficient data exchange in multi-node configurations without internet access. This system offers a scalable solution for resilient wireless communication in disaster response, rural areas, field research, and IoT applications. ESP32 Mesh Network Helical Antenna Wireless Communication Offline File Transfer Disaster Response IoT Connectivity FTP HTTP RSSI analysis Circular Polarization Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 06 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 04 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 18 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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The antenna, optimized for the 2.4 GHz band through MATLAB and ANSYS HFSS simulations, was integrated with ESP32-WROOM-32UE modules. The system, programmed with ESP-IDF, supports offline file transfers via FTP and HTTP, with encryption and authentication for security. While the built-in PCB antenna of the ESP32 typically provides a limited range of about 50 meters under line-of-sight (LOS) conditions, the custom helical antenna extended the communication range to 1.2 km in LOS and 400 meters in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. The mesh network demonstrated reliable, secure, and efficient data exchange in multi-node configurations without internet access. This system offers a scalable solution for resilient wireless communication in disaster response, rural areas, field research, and IoT applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Designing and Implementing an Antenna on ESP32 for Mesh Network Internet Access and Offline File Transfer.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-14 03:27:10","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6920197/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-09T09:03:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-06T15:26:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"9796623614179599681723444036273178294","date":"2026-02-02T04:31:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"29062456921562381359388655121946270875","date":"2025-11-10T15:18:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-07T14:52:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"106847851676590194163104204371067004313","date":"2025-11-07T13:18:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-05T05:21:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-04T15:48:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-20T05:38:31+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Wireless Networks","date":"2025-06-18T07:14:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-networks","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wine","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Networks](http://link.springer.com/journal/11276)","snPcode":"11276","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11276/3","title":"Wireless Networks","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"60216baa-2fcc-4329-9abe-8a0510153d03","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 14th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-24T08:39:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-14 03:27:10","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6920197","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6920197","identity":"rs-6920197","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}