Geophysical Study of Crustal Deformation Using Gravity Data: Muzaffarabad and Adjoining Regions in Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract The present research utilizes the Gravity method to investigate Muzaffarabad and its adjacent areas in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Qualitative interpretation involved creating various maps such as Bouguer Anomaly, Free Air Anomaly, Elevation, Residual Bouguer Anomaly, and Regional Bouguer Anomaly maps. Quantitative interpretation included computing a geological model along the selected profile A-A'. The study revealed subsurface structural features and the thickness of the sedimentary-metasedimentary wedge, identifying two major faults: The Muzaffarabad Fault (MF) and Bagh Basement Fault (BBF). The NW-SE contour trend in the north indicates the MF, while the western part shows the Jhelum strike-slip fault trend. The BBF extends from Mahoter to Shahdara and reaches the Moho depth. The geological model demarcates the MF within the Miocene Murree Formation, dipping at 49° and connecting with a detachment fault. These faults are tectonically active, indicating a risk of earthquakes that could range from moderate to high magnitudes. Numerous active landslides and fault-related folding and faulting highlight the region's seismic activity. Areas above the hanging walls of MF and BBF are unsuitable for heavy civil engineering structures, whereas footwall areas are comparatively feasible.