The Relationship Between Unified Growth Theory, Demographic Transition and Population: Empirical Evidence from E-7 Countries

This study investigates the interaction of fertility, education, and long-run growth. In this context, the relationship between fertility, education, and long-run growth is analyzed using the "Panel ARDL Method PMG Estimator" with the help of the 2002-2022 data set for E-7 countries. The study's analysis includes GDP, life expectancy, mortality rate, population density, and rural areas. According to the results of the analysis, fertility has a direct and negative effect on education. In addition, GDP, life expectancy, mortality rate, population density, and rural population density significantly and positively affect education levels. On the other hand, according to the study's findings, education has a direct and positive effect on fertility. There is also a significant and positive relationship between life expectancy, mortality rate, rural population rate, and fertility. In contrast, GDP and population density significantly but negatively affect fertility. The study's findings imply that factors such as income level, life expectancy, population density, urbanization, mortality rate, and birth rate affect the level of education and shape economic growth in the long run. Similarly, these findings confirm that social factors such as education and health shape the demographic structure while supporting economic growth.