A universal differential expression prediction tool for single-cell and spatial genomics data

ABSTRACT With the growing complexity of single-cell and spatial genomics data, there is an increasing importance of unbiased and efficient exploratory data analysis tools. One common exploratory data analysis step is the prediction of genes with different levels of activity in a subset of cells or locations inside a tissue. We previously developed singleCellHaystack, a method for predicting differentially expressed genes from single-cell transcriptome data, without relying on clustering of cells. Here we present an update to singleCellHaystack, which is now a universally applicable method for predicting differentially active features: 1) singleCellHaystack now accepts continuous features that can be RNA or protein expression, chromatin accessibility or module scores from single-cell, spatial and even bulk genomics data, and 2) it can handle 1D trajectories, 2-3D spatial coordinates, as well as higher-dimensional latent spaces as input coordinates. Performance has been drastically improved, with up to ten times reduction in computational time and scalability to millions of cells, making singleCellHaystack a suitable tool for exploratory analysis of atlas level datasets. singleCellHaystack is available as an R package and Python module