Social Determinants of Maternal Health: A Statistical Analysis of Education and Anemia

Social Determinants of Maternal Health: A Statistical Analysis of Education and Anemia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Social Determinants of Maternal Health: A Statistical Analysis of Education and Anemia Amrinder Kaur, Rakesh Pal, Pritpal Singh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644687/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health challenge that threatens the safety of both mothers and newborns especially in regions with limited resources. This research examines how common anemia is among expectant mothers in Dehradun India and looks at the specific connection between a womans level of schooling and her iron status. Methods The researchers used a cross sectional study design focusing on pregnant women visiting government health clinics in the urban and semi urban parts of Dehradun. Hemoglobin levels were recorded to determine the presence of anemia. Data regarding social background and education was gathered through direct interviews. Statistical tools including the Chi square test were applied to find meaningful patterns in the data. Results The study found that anemia is very widespread in this population. There was a clear and statistically significant link between education and health outcomes. Women with more years of schooling generally had better eating habits higher awareness of medical risks and were more likely to take their iron supplements correctly. On the other hand women with less formal schooling often lacked knowledge about nutrition and were less likely to use available maternal health services. Conclusions The data shows that education is a fundamental factor in improving health for pregnant women. Increasing the level of schooling for women can help lower the burden of anemia and support better public health outcomes. The study suggests that the government should create policies that connect the education and health sectors to ensure long term improvements for mothers and children. Maternal & Fetal Medicine Public health maternal health iron deficiency folic acid deficiency anemia Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files Screenshot20260119143039Drive.jpg These are the values obtained when patients were analysed for iron and folic acid counts. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8644687","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":577195144,"identity":"dcbb5139-de31-4dc5-8388-6c95377197c1","order_by":0,"name":"Amrinder Kaur","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAwzMIEqOn70BSBlYEK/FWLLnAEiLBPFaEjfMSADRRGjhu334scHPtnvGBpLPr274USDBwN/enYBXi+S5NOPE3rZiOXPpnLKbPUCHSZw5uwGvFoMzDMYHeNsSjC1n56Td4AFqMZDIJaSF/fPBv20JiRtunkm7+Yc4LTzGybwgLTfYj90myhbJMzzFxjLnEoCBnMN2W8ZAgoegX/jOsG+WfFOWAIzK489uvvljI8ff3otfCxLgMQCTxCoHAfYHpKgeBaNgFIyCEQQAQi5I1oWReT4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amrinder","middleName":"","lastName":"Kaur","suffix":""},{"id":577195145,"identity":"24282a84-59c8-406f-b15c-a21bc3cec5fb","order_by":1,"name":"Rakesh Pal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rakesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Pal","suffix":""},{"id":577195146,"identity":"75792976-f59d-4d63-8592-7de707554d62","order_by":2,"name":"Pritpal Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pritpal","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-20 04:10:57","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644687/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644687/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100775478,"identity":"2fb43e3a-d4dc-427b-bf75-5ce2db74a2ea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 10:49:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":445588,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"anemia.publichealth.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8644687/v1_covered_144fcad0-a1ad-4b80-a555-e5467738745f.pdf"},{"id":100772345,"identity":"a3a2f533-9d58-4d27-a211-90bb4830d3e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 10:04:33","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":99547,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThese are the values obtained when patients were analysed for iron and folic acid counts.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Screenshot20260119143039Drive.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8644687/v1/4c7001e15856d6f3eebc040f.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eSocial Determinants of Maternal Health: A Statistical Analysis of Education and Anemia\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"govt hospitals.","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Public health, maternal health, iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, anemia","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644687/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8644687/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003eAnemia during pregnancy remains a major public health challenge that threatens the safety of both mothers and newborns especially in regions with limited resources. This research examines how common anemia is among expectant mothers in Dehradun India and looks at the specific connection between a womans level of schooling and her iron status.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003eThe researchers used a cross sectional study design focusing on pregnant women visiting government health clinics in the urban and semi urban parts of Dehradun. Hemoglobin levels were recorded to determine the presence of anemia. Data regarding social background and education was gathered through direct interviews. Statistical tools including the Chi square test were applied to find meaningful patterns in the data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003eThe study found that anemia is very widespread in this population. There was a clear and statistically significant link between education and health outcomes. 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