Opening the Black Box of Daily Life in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Research: With Great Opportunity Comes Great Responsibility

Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) - deliberate damaging of body tissue without suicidal intent - is a behavior that occurs in interaction with real-world contexts, studying NSSI in the natural environment has historically been impossible. Recent advances in real-time monitoring technologies have revolutionized our ability to do exactly that, providing myriad research and clinical practice opportunities. In this vision paper, we review new research pathways to improve our ability to understand, predict and prevent NSSI, and provide critical perspectives on the responsibilities inherent to conducting real-time monitoring studies on NSSI. Real-time monitoring brings unique opportunities to advance scientific understanding about: (I) the dynamic course of NSSI, (II) the real-time predictors thereof and ability to detect acute risk, (III) the ecological validity of theoretical models, (IV) the functional mechanisms and outcomes of NSSI, and (V) the promotion of person-centered care and novel technology-based interventions. By considering the opportunities of real-time monitoring research in the context of the accompanying responsibilities (e.g., inclusive recruitment, sound and transparent research practices, participant safety and engagement, measurement reactivity, and researcher well-being and training), we provide novel insights and resources to open the black box of daily life in the next decade(s) of NSSI research.