Long-term flux measurements suggest dynamic emission factors are needed for rewetted peatlands

preprint OA: closed
Full text JSON View at publisher
AI-generated summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-15

Long-term flux measurements reveal that rewetted peatlands transition from CO2 sources to sinks and decrease CH4 emissions over time, necessitating dynamic emission factors rather than static ones.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-15 · read from full text

The paper examined how greenhouse-gas emissions from a rewetted, drained peatland evolve over long time scales, using long-term measurements of annual CO2 and CH4 fluxes from a site in northeastern Germany. The authors found that commonly used, static IPCC default emission factors did not match actual emissions for many years after rewetting; site-level annual emissions approached those default values only 13–16 years post-rewetting. Over the full study period they observed a source-to-sink transition for CO2 with a decreasing trend of −0.36 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1 and decreasing annual CH4 emissions of −23.6 kg CH4 ha−1 yr−1. The paper’s explicit caveat is that current emission factors fail to capture temporal dynamics in newly rewetted peatland ecosystems, motivating more temporally dynamic, site-characteristic–sensitive emission factor approaches. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Abstract Rewetting drained peatlands is recognized as a leading and effective natural solution to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, rewetting creates novel ecosystems whose emission behavior is not well captured by the currently used emission factors (EFs). These EFs are static and do not capture the temporal dynamics of GHG emissions. Hence, they often do not reflect the true emission reduction potential after rewetting. Here, we provide long-term data showing a mismatch between actual emissions and default EFs and revealing the temporal patterns of annual CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a rewetted peatland site in northeastern Germany. We show that site-level annual emissions of CO2 and CH4 approach the IPCC default EFs and those suggested for the German national inventory report only between 13 to 16 years after rewetting. Over the entire study period, we observed a source-to-sink transition of annual CO2 fluxes with a decreasing trend of -0.36 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1, and a decrease in annual CH4 emissions of -23.6 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1. Our results indicate that EFs should represent the temporally dynamic nature of peatlands post rewetting and consider the effects of site characteristics to better estimate associated GHG budgets.
Full text 13,493 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Long-term flux measurements suggest dynamic emission factors are needed for rewetted peatlands | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Long-term flux measurements suggest dynamic emission factors are needed for rewetted peatlands Aram Kalhori, Christian Wille, Pia Gottschalk, Zhan Li, Joshua Hashemi, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3241711/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Feb, 2024 Read the published version in Communications Earth & Environment → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Rewetting drained peatlands is recognized as a leading and effective natural solution to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, rewetting creates novel ecosystems whose emission behavior is not well captured by the currently used emission factors (EFs). These EFs are static and do not capture the temporal dynamics of GHG emissions. Hence, they often do not reflect the true emission reduction potential after rewetting. Here, we provide long-term data showing a mismatch between actual emissions and default EFs and revealing the temporal patterns of annual CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a rewetted peatland site in northeastern Germany. We show that site-level annual emissions of CO2 and CH4 approach the IPCC default EFs and those suggested for the German national inventory report only between 13 to 16 years after rewetting. Over the entire study period, we observed a source-to-sink transition of annual CO2 fluxes with a decreasing trend of -0.36 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1, and a decrease in annual CH4 emissions of -23.6 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1. Our results indicate that EFs should represent the temporally dynamic nature of peatlands post rewetting and consider the effects of site characteristics to better estimate associated GHG budgets. Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Climate-change mitigation Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Atmospheric science/Atmospheric dynamics Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Biogeochemistry trace gases carbon dioxide methane peatlands emission factors eddy covariance climate mitigation Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SuppInfoNCCZrkEFsKalhorietal2023.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Feb, 2024 Read the published version in Communications Earth & Environment → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3241711","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":226520486,"identity":"e05892de-7002-4ffc-ab54-697cda79b86c","order_by":0,"name":"Aram Kalhori","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0652-8987","institution":"GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aram","middleName":"","lastName":"Kalhori","suffix":""},{"id":226520487,"identity":"0b3a5b83-74d7-4f8c-9ba9-919a8d519ebd","order_by":1,"name":"Christian Wille","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-6527","institution":"GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Christian","middleName":"","lastName":"Wille","suffix":""},{"id":226520488,"identity":"342031b1-f1dc-4a66-acfd-be1eb8e63bb4","order_by":2,"name":"Pia Gottschalk","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pia","middleName":"","lastName":"Gottschalk","suffix":""},{"id":226520489,"identity":"2a3a84d1-754a-40fc-a8a5-24a471b540bd","order_by":3,"name":"Zhan Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"BASF Digital Farming GmbH","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":226520490,"identity":"98663d70-e08a-45bc-8748-bdb8026fb7ae","order_by":4,"name":"Joshua Hashemi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joshua","middleName":"","lastName":"Hashemi","suffix":""},{"id":226520491,"identity":"4cb90e28-0ac7-4d76-bd6e-5583d7b284ee","order_by":5,"name":"Karl Kemper","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Geography, University of Cologne","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Karl","middleName":"","lastName":"Kemper","suffix":""},{"id":226520492,"identity":"917279bb-9547-402c-888d-e4fcc1d50438","order_by":6,"name":"Torsten Sachs","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-4771","institution":"GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Torsten","middleName":"","lastName":"Sachs","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-08-07 10:51:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3241711/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3241711/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9","type":"published","date":"2024-02-01T05:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":50575980,"identity":"27a92802-4913-4da6-8514-8696ee8384f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-02 17:37:01","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1192467,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ArticleFileNCCZrkEFsKalhorietal2023.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3241711/v1_covered_f4286e7c-10ca-43b7-9694-71e19eb837fd.pdf"},{"id":43398319,"identity":"91391439-adf0-419b-b8e2-12b1ced07405","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-09-20 04:18:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1112469,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SuppInfoNCCZrkEFsKalhorietal2023.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3241711/v1/c452dd8065b975ebb4b8c428.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Long-term flux measurements suggest dynamic emission factors are needed for rewetted peatlands","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"trace gases, carbon dioxide, methane, peatlands, emission factors, eddy covariance, climate mitigation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3241711/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3241711/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Rewetting drained peatlands is recognized as a leading and effective natural solution to curb greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, rewetting creates novel ecosystems whose emission behavior is not well captured by the currently used emission factors (EFs). These EFs are static and do not capture the temporal dynamics of GHG emissions. Hence, they often do not reflect the true emission reduction potential after rewetting. Here, we provide long-term data showing a mismatch between actual emissions and default EFs and revealing the temporal patterns of annual CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a rewetted peatland site in northeastern Germany. We show that site-level annual emissions of CO2 and CH4 approach the IPCC default EFs and those suggested for the German national inventory report only between 13 to 16 years after rewetting. Over the entire study period, we observed a source-to-sink transition of annual CO2 fluxes with a decreasing trend of -0.36 t CO2-C ha-1 yr-1, and a decrease in annual CH4 emissions of -23.6 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1. Our results indicate that EFs should represent the temporally dynamic nature of peatlands post rewetting and consider the effects of site characteristics to better estimate associated GHG budgets.","manuscriptTitle":"Long-term flux measurements suggest dynamic emission factors are needed for rewetted peatlands","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-09-20 04:18:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3241711/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"communications-earth-and-environment","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"commsenv","sideBox":"Learn more about [Communications Earth and Environment](https://www.nature.com/commsenv/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Communications Earth \u0026 Environment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Communications Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"edcf4637-928f-4fa0-a5a3-893e8ed2a3c9","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 20th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":24054673,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Climate-change mitigation"},{"id":24054674,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Atmospheric science/Atmospheric dynamics"},{"id":24054675,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Biogeochemistry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-02-02T17:36:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-3241711","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9","journal":{"identity":"communications-earth-and-environment","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Communications Earth \u0026 Environment"},"publishedOn":"2024-02-01 05:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 1st, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2023-09-20 04:18:30","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01226-9","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3241711","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3241711","identity":"rs-3241711","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. The paper's references may be in our DB but unresolved to ``paper_id`` (resolution happens at ingest when the cited DOI matches a row we already have). Run the cross-source citation reconcile pass to retry.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-19T01:45:01.086888+00:00