Design of Quantum Nonclassicality Enhancing Circuit (QNC): Compromise among Noise Figure, Gain, and Nonclassicality

Design of Quantum Nonclassicality Enhancing Circuit (QNC): Compromise among Noise Figure, Gain, and Nonclassicality | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Design of Quantum Nonclassicality Enhancing Circuit (QNC): Compromise among Noise Figure, Gain, and Nonclassicality Ahmad Salmanogli This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292209/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents the design and analysis of a specialized RF/MW circuit named the Quantum Non-classicality Enhancing Circuit, specifically developed for quantum applications. The primary objective is to reduce the noise figure within the operational frequency range of 4–8 GHz to enhance non-classical properties in quantum signals. To achieve this, a HEMT was chosen due to its exceptional noise reduction capabilities, which are critical for quantum engineering. While targeting a noise figure of less than 0.065 dB within the specified frequency band, a trade-off with gain was identified. This issue was addressed by introducing additional amplification stages to stabilize the noise figure without compromising overall performance. Quantum analysis of the circuit, based on a simplified HEMT model, provided valuable insights into its nonlinear behavior and the interaction between circuit components and environmental factors. Using the QuTiP toolbox in Python, a time-evolution analysis of the system was conducted, revealing the circuit’s response as an open quantum system under cryogenic conditions. The study also explores the relationship between quantum correlation (measured by quantum discord) and the noise figure, raising significant questions about the impact of noise minimization on enhancing non-classicality at low temperatures. Alongside the quantum analysis, a detailed circuit layout was designed and optimized to minimize the noise figure. The findings from the quantum analysis demonstrated that non-classicality generation and noise minimization share a common foundation, reinforcing the design approach. This comprehensive study highlights the complex interplay between circuit design and quantum properties, offering a strategic path toward improved quantum signal processing at cryogenic temperatures. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Physics Quantum Nonclassicality Enhancing Circuit low noise amplifier nonclassicality quantum theory noise figure Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 07 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 06 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 15 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 14 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 10 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9292209","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":627072024,"identity":"3452d2d4-3d09-41fc-a54b-a2d45d4a0321","order_by":0,"name":"Ahmad Salmanogli","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ahmad","middleName":"","lastName":"Salmanogli","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-01 12:56:44","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292209/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292209/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107707543,"identity":"79d75fc6-a388-4fc5-b77c-fee448783e12","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-24 09:20:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":736818,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript1f8f1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9292209/v1_covered_f1fb97f0-d6fa-4cd0-abd7-041cfa0bfbf5.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Design of Quantum Nonclassicality Enhancing Circuit (QNC): Compromise among Noise Figure, Gain, and Nonclassicality","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Quantum Nonclassicality Enhancing Circuit, low noise amplifier, nonclassicality, quantum theory, noise figure","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292209/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9292209/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study presents the design and analysis of a specialized RF/MW circuit named the Quantum Non-classicality Enhancing Circuit, specifically developed for quantum applications. The primary objective is to reduce the noise figure within the operational frequency range of 4\u0026ndash;8 GHz to enhance non-classical properties in quantum signals. To achieve this, a HEMT was chosen due to its exceptional noise reduction capabilities, which are critical for quantum engineering. While targeting a noise figure of less than 0.065 dB within the specified frequency band, a trade-off with gain was identified. This issue was addressed by introducing additional amplification stages to stabilize the noise figure without compromising overall performance. Quantum analysis of the circuit, based on a simplified HEMT model, provided valuable insights into its nonlinear behavior and the interaction between circuit components and environmental factors. Using the QuTiP toolbox in Python, a time-evolution analysis of the system was conducted, revealing the circuit\u0026rsquo;s response as an open quantum system under cryogenic conditions. The study also explores the relationship between quantum correlation (measured by quantum discord) and the noise figure, raising significant questions about the impact of noise minimization on enhancing non-classicality at low temperatures. Alongside the quantum analysis, a detailed circuit layout was designed and optimized to minimize the noise figure. The findings from the quantum analysis demonstrated that non-classicality generation and noise minimization share a common foundation, reinforcing the design approach. 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