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by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-24
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The paper investigates whether a high-level representation of a cooperative partner can rapidly influence involuntary visuomotor feedback responses during a cooperative sensorimotor task, using two experiments and predictions from dynamic game theory. The authors report that involuntary feedback responses reflect a partner representation and incorporate consideration of the partner’s movement cost, such as accuracy and energy, within roughly 180–230 ms. A stated caveat is that the study tests this mechanism in the specific cooperative sensorimotor paradigm rather than directly measuring other forms of social interaction or clinical processes. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Abstract
We have a remarkable ability to seamlessly and rapidly coordinate actions with others, from double dutch to dancing. Humans use high-level partner representations to jointly control voluntary actions, while other work shows lower-level involuntary feedback responses to sudden visual perturbations. Yet, it is unknown if a high-level partner representation can be rapidly expressed through lower-level involuntary sensorimotor circuitry. Here we test the idea that a partner representation influences involuntary visuomotor feedback responses during a cooperative sensorimotor task. Using two experiments and dynamic game theory predictions, we show that involuntary visuomotor feedback responses reflect a partner representation and consideration of a partner’s movement cost (i.e., accuracy and energy). Collectively, our results suggest there is top-down modulation from high-level partner representations to lower-level sensorimotor circuits, enabling fast and flexible feedback responses during jointly coordinated actions. Significance Statement Humans have an adept ability to rapidly coordinate their movements with others. Yet it is unknown how fast the sensorimotor system can use a representation of others to jointly control movement. Remarkably, ‘intelligent reflexes’ (i.e., involuntary visuomotor feedback responses) consider high-level partner representations within 180 - 230 ms. Further, these involuntary visuomotor feedback responses show that the sensorimotor system is willing sacrifice energy to help a partner.
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Abstract
We have a remarkable ability to seamlessly and rapidly coordinate actions with others, from double dutch to dancing. Humans use high-level partner representations to jointly control voluntary actions, while other work shows lower-level involuntary feedback responses to sudden visual perturbations. Yet, it is unknown if a high-level partner representation can be rapidly expressed through lower-level involuntary sensorimotor circuitry. Here we test the idea that a partner representation influences involuntary visuomotor feedback responses during a cooperative sensorimotor task. Using two experiments and dynamic game theory predictions, we show that involuntary visuomotor feedback responses reflect a partner representation and consideration of a partner’s movement cost (i.e., accuracy and energy). Collectively, our results suggest there is top-down modulation from high-level partner representations to lower-level sensorimotor circuits, enabling fast and flexible feedback responses during jointly coordinated actions.
Significance Statement Humans have an adept ability to rapidly coordinate their movements with others. Yet it is unknown how fast the sensorimotor system can use a representation of others to jointly control movement. Remarkably, ‘intelligent reflexes’ (i.e., involuntary visuomotor feedback responses) consider high-level partner representations within 180 - 230 ms. Further, these involuntary visuomotor feedback responses show that the sensorimotor system is willing sacrifice energy to help a partner.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Footnotes
↵† co-senior authors
Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF #2146888) awarded to JGAC National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (RGPIN-2018-05589) awarded to MJC
Updates to the main manuscript and the supplementary based on reviewer comments at eLife
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