Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic analyses of a homozygous Robertsonian translocation family with novel mosaic Robertsonian fission karyotype

Background: Approximately one person in 1,000 is a Robertsonian translocation carrier. Errors in the formation of eggs (or more rarely of sperms) may be the cause of Robertsonian translocation. Most Robertsonian translocation carriers are healthy and have a normal lifespan, but do have an increased risk of offsprings with trisomies and pregnancy loss. The fitness of rob translocation carries is reduced, but rob translocation can provide material for evolution. Methods We have done prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic analyses on this homozygous Robertson translocation family. We report a homozygous Robertson translocation family with previously undescribed mosaic Robertsonian fission karyotype. Results We identified six Robertsonian translocation carriers in this family. Four were heterozygous translocation carriers of 45,XX or XY,der(14;15)(q10;q10), one was a homozygous translocation carrier of a 44,XY,der(14;15)(q10;q10),der(14;15)(q10;q10) and one was a previously undescribed Robertsonian fission carrier of 45,XN,der(14;15)(q10;q10)[42]/46,XN[58] with normal phenotype. Conclusion We reported a previously undescribed mosaic Robertsonian fission karyotype. The homozygosity of Robertsonian translocation for speciation may be a potential mechanism of speciation in Humans. In theory, the carriers of homologous Robertsonian translocation can't produce normal gametes, but Robertson fission made it possible for them to produce normal gametes.