Syrian private university students' awareness of blood transfusion strategies at perioperative period

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Transfusion refers to the administration of blood and blood products, such as whole blood, packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and concentrated fibrinogen etc. These products aim to maintain the ability to carry oxygen and restore the blood clotting property. This study aims to know the awareness of Syrian Private University students about modern strategies for blood transfusion in the perioperative period. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire in the form of an electronic survey that was administered among medical college students at the Syrian Private University. 277 students answered the questionnaire. The electronic questionnaire included a set of variables, including demographic and personal information for students, variables about indications for blood transfusion during surgery, rules for preserving blood, and a study of knowledge about how to transfer, use, and methods of preserving blood products and their benefits. Results The average of the students’ answers about the indications for blood transfusion during surgery was 1.81 ± 1.5, and the average of the students’ answers about the issues that they should take into consideration when transfusing blood was 2.93 ± 2.203. The majority of the students answered correctly when asked about the rules for blood preservation, and the average of the students’ answers about knowledge with the rules for dealing with a blood sample of 1.92 ± 0.96, the majority of students answered correctly when asked about concentrated red blood cells, and the average answers when asked about platelets and plasma was 4.31 ± 2.36, and the average answers of students when asked about complications was 4.31 ± 232. In our study, the percentage of female knowledge was higher Among males (statistical significance = less than 0.05), except for the rules of blood conservation and knowledge of red blood cells, knowledge was greater among males (statistical significance = less than 0.05). Conclusion The degree of students’ knowledge about the indications for blood transfusion, the matters that must be taken into consideration during blood transfusion during surgery, the rules of blood preservation, and knowledge about platelets and plasma, was weak and below the expected level, while their degree of knowledge about the complications of blood transfusion was good. Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine Blood transfusion perioperative university students Syrian Private University awareness new strategies Introduction The primary source of blood components is the blood-forming stem cell found in the bone marrow after birth, which in turn gives the following stem cells: The common myeloid stem cell that will eventually give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, granulocytes, platelets, and monocytes. 1 The common lymphoid stem cell, which will eventually give rise to B, T, and natural killer lymphocytes. An overview of blood component numbers 2,3 □ Blood mass volume: approximately 70–80 ml per kilogram of body weight (Example: A person weighing 70 kg: 70 x 70 = 4900 ml, which is about 5 liters of blood) 4,5 □ Normal hemoglobin volume: in men, it is 13–16 g/dl, while in women, it is 12–15 g/dl. □ Hematocrit percentage: in men 42–50%, while in women it is 40–48% on average: hemoglobin x 3.3 □ Red cell count: about 5 million cells/mm (average 8000) □ White blood cell count: about 11 − 4 thousand cells/mm □ Platelet count: about 150–350 thousand platelets/mm Methods and Materials importance of studying: Anesthesiologists are involved in most blood transfusions during the perioperative period, trauma resuscitation, critical care, and obstetric hemorrhage. Blood transfusion refers to the administration of blood and its products, such as whole blood, packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, fibrinogen concentrate, etc. These products aim to preserve the ability to carry oxygen and restore the blood clotting property. Due to the lack of studies in our country and other countries that address this topic, we studied the knowledge and awareness of students at the Syrian Private University about modern strategies for blood transfusion in the perioperative period. Objectives of the study: □ Knowing the awareness of Syrian Private University students about modern strategies for blood transfusion in the perioperative period. □ Studying students’ knowledge about the rules for preserving blood and its derivatives, one by one. □ Studying students’ knowledge of the correct procedures before performing a blood transfusion to patients during surgery. □ Studying students’ knowledge about concentrated red blood cells, methods of dealing with them, their indications and benefits. □ Studying students’ knowledge about platelets, methods of dealing with them, their indications and benefits. □ Studying students’ knowledge about plasma, methods of dealing with it, its indications and benefits. □ Studying students’ knowledge about the indications and complications of blood transfusion during surgery. □ And studying the relationship between gender and knowledge. Methods and Materials: The research design is an observational study of the descriptive type, of the type of cross-sectional study. This type of study is easy and quick to implement and can be used to evaluate several exposures and outcomes and allows determining the burden of disease in the community, in addition to allowing descriptive analyzes to be carried out. And create hypotheses. Since the sample of this research is a random sample selected from the study population, the results drawn from this research are generalizable and reflect the situation of the general community from which the sample was taken. Study group: The required sample size was calculated based on the fact that the research design was a cross-sectional study, taking into account the 5% margin of error ± and the confidence interval 95%. The sample size was 277 male and female students. The researchers carried out random sampling at the Syrian Private University. Among the students of the three medical colleges, individuals were invited to enter the study and approach them on a daily basis and during official working hours. Exclusion criteria: Students whose data showed a significant deficiency or illogicality were excluded, and students from non-medical colleges were also excluded. inclusion criteria: Students of medical colleges at the Syrian Private University, all ages, male and female. Difficulties in sampling and collecting study individuals: There was difficulty in delivering electronic questionnaires to the participants, and therefore we worked in parallel to interview the students personally in order to complete sufficient information for scientific research. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers and under the supervision of the supervisor, based on the objectives of the study and after reviewing the literature for similar studies. A committee of 3 professors evaluated the questionnaire for suitability and accuracy, in addition to being asked to critique the content of the questionnaire. To ensure the validity of the questionnaire, it was presented to a sample of 30 students. These students were selected from the faculties of medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry and were from different academic years. The results of the Pilot questionnaires were not included in the analysis. A reliability scale evaluation was conducted to estimate the internal consistency of the items. Achieving a good Cronbach's alpha score (α = 0.83). The questionnaire was divided into eight sections with a total of 48 questions, and most of the questions were closed-ended questions. Some questions were excluded from the questionnaire to maintain the Cronbach's alpha score. The first section addressed demographic characteristics, including age and gender. The second section assessed students' knowledge regarding the indication for intraoperative blood transfusion. Response options for knowledge items included "yes," "no," and "I don't know". Correct answers were scored as 1, while incorrect and “don't know” answers were scored as 0. The total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 4 (4 items). Knowledge was defined as poor for a score of 0–2 and good for a score of 2–4. The third section evaluated the procedures that students should know before blood transfusion in the perioperative period. Response options for the knowledge items included “yes,” “no,” and “I don’t know.” Correct answers were scored as 1, while incorrect answers were scored as and “Don't know” was scored as 0. The total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 6 (6 items). Knowledge was defined as poor for a score of 0–3 and good for a score of 3–6. As for the fourth section, it evaluated the students’ knowledge about the rules for preserving blood, and the fifth section evaluated the students’ knowledge about the rules for dealing with the blood sample, where the correct answers were recorded as 1, while the incorrect answers and “I do not know” were recorded as 0. The degree of knowledge ranged Overall from 0 to 4 (4 items), knowledge was defined as poor for a score of 0–2 and good for a score of 2–4. The sixth section evaluated the students’ knowledge about concentrated red blood cells and included 6 questions. The seventh section included the students’ knowledge about platelets and plasma and the ways to use them in the perioperative period. The correct answers were recorded as 1, while the incorrect answers and “I do not know” were recorded as 1. It is 0, the total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 13 (13 items), knowledge was defined as poor for a score of 0–6 and good for a score of 7–13. Finally, knowledge of complications related to blood transfusion was studied. Correct answers were scored as 1, while incorrect answers were scored as 0. The total knowledge score for this section ranged from 0 to 8 (8 items). Knowledge was defined as poor with a score of 0–4 and good. For a score of 4–8. statistical analysis: The data collected through Google Form was recoded and after adding the data collected through the personal interview, it was entered and processed using the statistical package SPSS 28, to describe the basic features of the data in the study through frequencies and percentages. The ANOVA test was used to test the relationship between knowledge of each section of the study and gender. The Chi-square test (χ2) was used to find the relationship between the level of knowledge of each section (poor - good) and gender. P-value < 0.05 was adopted as a statistically significant value. Results Our study consisted of 277 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The average age of the participants was (23.21 years), with a standard deviation of (3.47 years). The ages of the participants ranged (18–31 years), and the percentage of males was (80.5%), while the percentage of females was ( 19.5%). Average student answers about indications for blood transfusion during surgery: The arithmetic mean of the students' answers when asked which blood clotting disorders are indications for blood transfusion was 0.61 ± 0.48, while the average of the students' answers to the question about hemolytic blood lesions which are indications for blood transfusion in the perioperative period was 0.4 ± 0.49, and the average of the students' answers for severe bleeding is one of the indications. Blood transfusion in the perioperative period was 0.46 ± 0.4, and the average of the students’ answers regarding the use of artificial circuit in open heart surgery among the indications for blood transfusion in the perioperative period was 0.33 ± 0.44, and the average of the students’ general knowledge about the indications for blood transfusion in the perioperative period was 0.46 ± 0.4. 1.81 ± 1.5. From the above, we find that students’ knowledge about indications is weak. Average answers about things to consider during blood transfusion in the perioperative period The arithmetic mean of the students’ answers to the question that a history of unexplained jaundice should be taken into consideration when transfusing blood was 0.65 ± 0.47, and the average of the answers that the presence of a viral or bacterial infection should be taken into consideration was 0.44 ± 0.49, and the average of the answers that the presence of a viral or bacterial infection should be taken into consideration was 0.44 ± 0.49. Patients who received a vaccine during the last three months were 0.36 ± 0.48, and the average answers that people with G6PD deficiency should be taken into consideration was 0.64 ± 0.41, and the average answers that homosexuals and addicts should be taken into consideration was 0.38 ± 0.44, and the average answers that people with G6PD deficiency should be taken into consideration was 0.38 ± 0.44. Immunosuppressed patients 0.5 ± 0.43, and the average total of knowledge about the issues that should be taken into consideration when transfusing blood is 2.93 ± 2.203, thus the degree of knowledge is weak. Students’ knowledge of the rules of blood preservation: The percentage of correct answers about the size of a unit of blood was 42.5%, the temperature at which a unit of blood is stored was 50.5%, the usability of a unit of blood without additives was 46.6%, on what day red blood cells dissolve 26%, and the usability of a unit of blood when preserved with CPD was 26.7%. The most common type of blood transfusion is 31.8%. Average student answers about knowledge of rules for handling a blood sample: The arithmetic mean of the students’ answers when asked that the blood must be warmed before transfusing it to the patient was 0.6 ± 0.4, and the average of the answers about the red blood cells can be stored by making the tension outside the cell surface higher than inside the cell for a period of up to 10 years was 0.17 ± 0.37, and the average of the answers about the most common types of transfusion Blood is the transfusion of concentrated red blood cells 0.48 ± 0.5, and the average of the answers that one of the advantages of the method of transfusion with blood components is giving the patient the element that is missing is 0.67 ± 0.41, and the average of the general total of knowledge about the students’ knowledge of the rules for dealing with a blood sample is 1.92 ± 0.96, and thus the degree of knowledge is weak. Percentage of students’ correct answers to questions related to concentrated red blood cells. The percentage of correct answers regarding the amount of hemoglobin raised by the red blood cell concentrate unit was 72.9%, the hemoglobin number at which concentrated cells should be transfused for a normal patient was 52.7%, the hemoglobin number at which concentrated cells should be transfused for an asymptomatic cardiac patient was 47.7%, and the hemoglobin number at which concentrated cells should be transfused for an asymptomatic cardiac patient was 47.7%. The hemoglobin number at which the concentrated red blood cells must be transferred to the renal patient is 26.4%, and the solution in which the concentrated red blood cells are expanded is 10.5%. Average answers when asked about students’ knowledge of platelets and plasma and how to use them in the perioperative period The average of the answers about the platelet unit raising platelets by 5000-10,000 was 0.55 ± 0.49, the average of the answers about that a platelet transfusion is indicated prophylactically in patients whose platelets are less than 10,000 was 0.53 ± 0.5, and the average answers about that the transfusion is performed in patients undergoing surgery Elective surgery for 50,000 was 0.51 ± 0.5, and the average of answers about that platelets are transfused in patients who undergo surgery on the central nervous system with a count under 100,000 was 0.26 ± 0.46, and the average answers about that platelets are transfused in patients with a count under 20,000 with an increase My temperature was 0.19 ± 0.39, the average of the answers about platelets being transfused in patients who have mild bleeding with a population of less than 50,000 was 0.49 ± 0.5, the average of the students’ answers about that platelets being kept at room temperature was 0.19 ± 0.39, and the average of the students’ answers about The stored platelets remain active for 5 days before dissolving 0.32 ± 0.46, and the average answers about whether a unit of plasma raises the concentration of clotting factors by 2–3% was 0.58 ± 0.49, and the average answers about whether plasma transfusion is indicated if the Pt/PTT is more than 2.5. Double 0.15 ± 0.35, the average of the answers about that the plasma unit must be warmed before transferring it to 37 degrees was 0.52 ± 0.5, the average of the answers about that blood group compatibility must be taken into account when transfusing plasma was 0.47 ± 0.5, and the average knowledge reached 4.31 ± 2.36. We conclude that knowledge Weak students. Average answers when asked about blood transfusion complications. The average answer for circulatory overload was 0.77 ± 0.42, the average answer for febrile reaction was 0.49 ± 0.5, the average answer for allergic reaction was 0.55 ± 0.5, for hemolytic events after blood transfusion 0.53 ± 0.38, and for metabolic disorders from stored blood 0.46 ± 0.31. And about the transmission of viral or bacterial diseases 0.9 ± 0.31, and about thrombotic events or pulmonary emboli 0.58 ± 0.22, and the average knowledge in general was 4.31 ± 2.321, and knowledge about complications is considered good but minimal. Discussion Transfusion of blood and blood products has many harmful side effects and should only be done if the benefits to the patient outweigh the associated risks. Current understanding of blood transfusion has improved dramatically, revolutionizing the care of surgical, trauma, obstetric, and critically ill patients. [6 ] Most guidelines recommend a restrictive approach for stable patients with non-hemorrhagic anemia when transfusing red blood cells. Historically, the rationale for transfusing red blood cells has been to improve oxygen transport capacity and parameters associated with oxygen consumption in anemic patients. Current understanding casts serious doubts about the feasibility. True red blood cell transfusions To optimize these factors, there may be no benefit from transfusion beyond the hemoglobin threshold of 7 g/dL, and a guideline-based transfusion policy should be adopted for the administration of all blood products, including fresh frozen plasma., concentrating plates, cooling, etc. This should be combined with clinical judgement. [7 ] Anesthesiologists are involved in the majority of blood transfusions in the perioperative period, trauma resuscitation, critical care, and obstetric hemorrhage. Blood transfusion refers to the administration of blood and blood derivatives such as homologous or whole blood, red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrates, fibringin concentrates, etc. These products are intended to maintain or repair the oxygen-carrying capacity and clotting property of the blood. We complement current understanding of the physiological rationale behind perioperative blood transfusion, available blood components and their indications, techniques for assessing and reducing blood loss, the role of point-of-care testing in blood transfusion management, and transfusion complications. [ 8 ] The number of participants in our study was 277 students from medical colleges at the Syrian Private University. They met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their average age was 23.21 years. The average score of students’ knowledge about the indications for blood transfusion during surgery was 1.81 ± 1.5, of the indications for blood transfusion during surgery: disorders. Blood clotting, hemolytic blood lesions, severe uncontrolled bleeding, and resorting to artificial surgery with open-heart surgery [ 9 ] . However, the average knowledge of females was higher than that of males (statistical significance is less than 0.05), and the average degree of knowledge was about matters that must be taken into consideration during blood transfusion. In the perioperative period 2.93 ± 2.203 During blood transfusion in the perioperative period, it is necessary to check whether there is a history of jaundice of unknown cause, whether there is a viral infection, those who have received a vaccine within the last three months, those with G6BD deficiency, homosexuals, and addicts. And immunosuppressants [ 10 ], which may lead to serious complications in recipient patients, but the average knowledge of females was higher than that of males (statistical significance less than 0.05). The percentage of patients’ knowledge of the rules of blood conservation was weak, but the knowledge of males was higher (statistical significance less than 0.05). The students’ knowledge of the rules for preserving blood was weak, one of the rules that must be taken into consideration when preserving blood. The blood must be warmed before it is transferred to the patient, and red blood cells can be stored by making the tension outside the cell surface higher than inside the cell for a period of up to ten years. It was found through a review of the literature that The most common type of blood transfusion is concentrated red blood cells [ 11 ]. One of the advantages of the methods of transfusing each component separately is that it gives the component that is missing [ 12 ]. The average degree of knowledge about the properties of platelets and plasma was weak, but female knowledge was higher (statistical significance less than 0.05). The degree of knowledge about the mixtures was weak, but females’ knowledge was higher than males (statistical significance less than 0.05). Conclusion This study is the first of its kind in our country and other countries. The degree of students’ knowledge about the indications for blood transfusion and the matters that must be taken into consideration during blood transfusion during surgery, the rules of blood preservation, and knowledge about platelets and plasma, was weak and less than the expected level, while the percentage of They have good knowledge about blood transfusion complications. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Research Ethics Committee in the Syrian Private University and the ethical committees in the concerned Syrian private university approved the study protocol. Verbal informed consent was obtained from every participant before participation. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were by the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Availability of data and materials: All data related to this paper’s conclusion are available and stored by the authors. All data are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest Funding: This research received no specific grant from SPU or any other funding agency in the public, commercial or non-profit sectors. Authors’ contributions: W.M conceptualized the study, S.A wrote the study protocol, performed the statistical analysis, participated in data collection, and did the literature search. S.A participated in the literature search, interpret the results, wrote the main manuscript, N.R. revised the draft. All authors read and approved the final draft. Acknowledgments: We are thankful to the management of the Syrian Private University and for their support in the field of medical training and research. We would also like to thank Dr. Najwa Rekmani for his help and supervision in the paper. References Lou SS, Liu H, Lu C, et al. Personalized Surgical Transfusion Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning to Guide Preoperative Type and Screen Orders. Anesthesiology 2022; 137:55. Meier JM, Tschoellitsch T. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Patient Blood Management: A Scoping Review. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:524. Lim K, Satkunasivam R, Nipper C, et al. Association between isolated abnormal coagulation profile on transfusion following major surgery: A NSQIP analysis of individuals without bleeding disorders. Transfusion 2022; 62:2223. Shander A, Corwin HL, Meier J, et al. Recommendations from the InternationalConsensus Conference on Anemia Management in Surgical Patients (ICCAMS). Ann Surg 2023; 277:581. Philip BK, Philip JH. Characterization of flow in intravenous infusion systems. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1983; 30:702. McPherson D, Adekanye O, Wilkes AR, Hall JE. Fluid flow through intravenous cannulae in a clinical model. Anesth Analg 2009; 108:1198. Jayanthi NV, Dabke HV. The effect of IV cannula length on the rate of infusion. Injury 2006; 37:41. Barcelona SL, Vilich F, Coté CJ. A comparison of flow rates and warming capabilities of the Level 1 and Rapid Infusion System with various-size intravenous catheters. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:358. Dutky PA, Stevens SL, Maull KI. Factors affecting rapid fluid resuscitation with large-bore introducer catheters. J Trauma 1989; 29:856. Taylor RW, Palagiri AV. Central venous catheterization. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:1390. Vanneman MW, Balakrishna A, Lang AL, et al. Improving Transfusion Safety in the Operating Room with a Barcode Scanning System Designed Specifically for the Surgical Environment and Existing Electronic Medical Record Systems: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1217. Nuttall GA, Abenstein JP, Stubbs JR, et al. Computerized bar code-based blood identification systems and near-miss transfusion episodes and transfusion errors.Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:354. Additional Declarations The authors declare potential competing interests as follows: no Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3997645","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":275463674,"identity":"8a058db7-684b-44c8-bbe7-b77402dc8c2e","order_by":0,"name":"Waleed 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1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe common lymphoid stem cell, which will eventually give rise to B, T, and natural killer lymphocytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn overview of blood component numbers 2,3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Blood mass volume: approximately 70\u0026ndash;80 ml per kilogram of body weight\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Example: A person weighing 70 kg: 70 x 70\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4900 ml, which is about 5 liters of blood) 4,5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Normal hemoglobin volume: in men, it is 13\u0026ndash;16 g/dl, while in women, it is 12\u0026ndash;15 g/dl.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Hematocrit percentage: in men 42\u0026ndash;50%, while in women it is 40\u0026ndash;48% on average: hemoglobin x 3.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Red cell count: about 5\u0026nbsp;million cells/mm (average 8000)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ White blood cell count: about 11\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4 thousand cells/mm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Platelet count: about 150\u0026ndash;350 thousand platelets/mm\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods and Materials","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eimportance of studying:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnesthesiologists are involved in most blood transfusions during the perioperative period, trauma resuscitation, critical care, and obstetric hemorrhage. Blood transfusion refers to the administration of blood and its products, such as whole blood, packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, fibrinogen concentrate, etc. These products aim to preserve the ability to carry oxygen and restore the blood clotting property. Due to the lack of studies in our country and other countries that address this topic, we studied the knowledge and awareness of students at the Syrian Private University about modern strategies for blood transfusion in the perioperative period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eObjectives of the study:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Knowing the awareness of Syrian Private University students about modern strategies for blood transfusion in the perioperative period.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Studying students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about the rules for preserving blood and its derivatives, one by one.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Studying students\u0026rsquo; knowledge of the correct procedures before performing a blood transfusion to patients during surgery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Studying students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about concentrated red blood cells, methods of dealing with them, their indications and benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Studying students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about platelets, methods of dealing with them, their indications and benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Studying students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about plasma, methods of dealing with it, its indications and benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ Studying students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about the indications and complications of blood transfusion during surgery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e□ And studying the relationship between gender and knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMethods and Materials:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research design is an observational study of the descriptive type, of the type of cross-sectional study. This type of study is easy and quick to implement and can be used to evaluate several exposures and outcomes and allows determining the burden of disease in the community, in addition to allowing descriptive analyzes to be carried out. And create hypotheses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince the sample of this research is a random sample selected from the study population, the results drawn from this research are generalizable and reflect the situation of the general community from which the sample was taken.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStudy group:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe required sample size was calculated based on the fact that the research design was a cross-sectional study, taking into account the 5% margin of error\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;and the confidence interval 95%. The sample size was 277 male and female students. The researchers carried out random sampling at the Syrian Private University. Among the students of the three medical colleges, individuals were invited to enter the study and approach them on a daily basis and during official working hours.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eExclusion criteria:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudents whose data showed a significant deficiency or illogicality were excluded, and students from non-medical colleges were also excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003einclusion criteria:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudents of medical colleges at the Syrian Private University, all ages, male and female.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDifficulties in sampling and collecting study individuals:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere was difficulty in delivering electronic questionnaires to the participants, and therefore we worked in parallel to interview the students personally in order to complete sufficient information for scientific research.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire was developed by the researchers and under the supervision of the supervisor, based on the objectives of the study and after reviewing the literature for similar studies. A committee of 3 professors evaluated the questionnaire for suitability and accuracy, in addition to being asked to critique the content of the questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo ensure the validity of the questionnaire, it was presented to a sample of 30 students. These students were selected from the faculties of medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry and were from different academic years. The results of the Pilot questionnaires were not included in the analysis. A reliability scale evaluation was conducted to estimate the internal consistency of the items. Achieving a good Cronbach's alpha score (\u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.83).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire was divided into eight sections with a total of 48 questions, and most of the questions were closed-ended questions. Some questions were excluded from the questionnaire to maintain the Cronbach's alpha score. The first section addressed demographic characteristics, including age and gender. The second section assessed students' knowledge regarding the indication for intraoperative blood transfusion. Response options for knowledge items included \"yes,\" \"no,\" and \"I don't know\". Correct answers were scored as 1, while incorrect and \u0026ldquo;don't know\u0026rdquo; answers were scored as 0. The total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 4 (4 items). Knowledge was defined as poor for a score of 0\u0026ndash;2 and good for a score of 2\u0026ndash;4.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe third section evaluated the procedures that students should know before blood transfusion in the perioperative period. Response options for the knowledge items included \u0026ldquo;yes,\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;no,\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;I don\u0026rsquo;t know.\u0026rdquo; Correct answers were scored as 1, while incorrect answers were scored as and \u0026ldquo;Don't know\u0026rdquo; was scored as 0. The total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 6 (6 items). Knowledge was defined as poor for a score of 0\u0026ndash;3 and good for a score of 3\u0026ndash;6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs for the fourth section, it evaluated the students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about the rules for preserving blood, and the fifth section evaluated the students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about the rules for dealing with the blood sample, where the correct answers were recorded as 1, while the incorrect answers and \u0026ldquo;I do not know\u0026rdquo; were recorded as 0. The degree of knowledge ranged Overall from 0 to 4 (4 items), knowledge was defined as poor for a score of 0\u0026ndash;2 and good for a score of 2\u0026ndash;4. The sixth section evaluated the students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about concentrated red blood cells and included 6 questions. The seventh section included the students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about platelets and plasma and the ways to use them in the perioperative period. The correct answers were recorded as 1, while the incorrect answers and \u0026ldquo;I do not know\u0026rdquo; were recorded as 1. It is 0, the total knowledge score ranged from 0 to 13 (13 items), knowledge was defined as poor for a score of 0\u0026ndash;6 and good for a score of 7\u0026ndash;13. Finally, knowledge of complications related to blood transfusion was studied. Correct answers were scored as 1, while incorrect answers were scored as 0. The total knowledge score for this section ranged from 0 to 8 (8 items). Knowledge was defined as poor with a score of 0\u0026ndash;4 and good. For a score of 4\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003estatistical analysis:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data collected through Google Form was recoded and after adding the data collected through the personal interview, it was entered and processed using the statistical package SPSS 28, to describe the basic features of the data in the study through frequencies and percentages. The ANOVA test was used to test the relationship between knowledge of each section of the study and gender. The Chi-square test (\u0026chi;2) was used to find the relationship between the level of knowledge of each section (poor - good) and gender. P-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was adopted as a statistically significant value.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur study consisted of 277 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The average age of the participants was (23.21 years), with a standard deviation of (3.47 years). The ages of the participants ranged (18\u0026ndash;31 years), and the percentage of males was (80.5%), while the percentage of females was ( 19.5%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAverage student answers about indications for blood transfusion during surgery:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe arithmetic mean of the students' answers when asked which blood clotting disorders are indications for blood transfusion was 0.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.48, while the average of the students' answers to the question about hemolytic blood lesions which are indications for blood transfusion in the perioperative period was 0.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49, and the average of the students' answers for severe bleeding is one of the indications. Blood transfusion in the perioperative period was 0.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4, and the average of the students\u0026rsquo; answers regarding the use of artificial circuit in open heart surgery among the indications for blood transfusion in the perioperative period was 0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44, and the average of the students\u0026rsquo; general knowledge about the indications for blood transfusion in the perioperative period was 0.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4. 1.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5. From the above, we find that students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about indications is weak.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAverage answers about things to consider during blood transfusion in the perioperative period\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe arithmetic mean of the students\u0026rsquo; answers to the question that a history of unexplained jaundice should be taken into consideration when transfusing blood was 0.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.47, and the average of the answers that the presence of a viral or bacterial infection should be taken into consideration was 0.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49, and the average of the answers that the presence of a viral or bacterial infection should be taken into consideration was 0.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49. Patients who received a vaccine during the last three months were 0.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.48, and the average answers that people with G6PD deficiency should be taken into consideration was 0.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41, and the average answers that homosexuals and addicts should be taken into consideration was 0.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44, and the average answers that people with G6PD deficiency should be taken into consideration was 0.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.44. Immunosuppressed patients 0.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.43, and the average total of knowledge about the issues that should be taken into consideration when transfusing blood is 2.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.203, thus the degree of knowledge is weak.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStudents\u0026rsquo; knowledge of the rules of blood preservation:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe percentage of correct answers about the size of a unit of blood was 42.5%, the temperature at which a unit of blood is stored was 50.5%, the usability of a unit of blood without additives was 46.6%, on what day red blood cells dissolve 26%, and the usability of a unit of blood when preserved with CPD was 26.7%. The most common type of blood transfusion is 31.8%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAverage student answers about knowledge of rules for handling a blood sample:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe arithmetic mean of the students\u0026rsquo; answers when asked that the blood must be warmed before transfusing it to the patient was 0.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4, and the average of the answers about the red blood cells can be stored by making the tension outside the cell surface higher than inside the cell for a period of up to 10 years was 0.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37, and the average of the answers about the most common types of transfusion Blood is the transfusion of concentrated red blood cells 0.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5, and the average of the answers that one of the advantages of the method of transfusion with blood components is giving the patient the element that is missing is 0.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41, and the average of the general total of knowledge about the students\u0026rsquo; knowledge of the rules for dealing with a blood sample is 1.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.96, and thus the degree of knowledge is weak.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage of students\u0026rsquo; correct answers to questions related to concentrated red blood cells.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe percentage of correct answers regarding the amount of hemoglobin raised by the red blood cell concentrate unit was 72.9%, the hemoglobin number at which concentrated cells should be transfused for a normal patient was 52.7%, the hemoglobin number at which concentrated cells should be transfused for an asymptomatic cardiac patient was 47.7%, and the hemoglobin number at which concentrated cells should be transfused for an asymptomatic cardiac patient was 47.7%. The hemoglobin number at which the concentrated red blood cells must be transferred to the renal patient is 26.4%, and the solution in which the concentrated red blood cells are expanded is 10.5%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage answers when asked about students\u0026rsquo; knowledge of platelets and plasma and how to use them in the perioperative period\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average of the answers about the platelet unit raising platelets by 5000-10,000 was 0.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49, the average of the answers about that a platelet transfusion is indicated prophylactically in patients whose platelets are less than 10,000 was 0.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5, and the average answers about that the transfusion is performed in patients undergoing surgery Elective surgery for 50,000 was 0.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5, and the average of answers about that platelets are transfused in patients who undergo surgery on the central nervous system with a count under 100,000 was 0.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46, and the average answers about that platelets are transfused in patients with a count under 20,000 with an increase My temperature was 0.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39, the average of the answers about platelets being transfused in patients who have mild bleeding with a population of less than 50,000 was 0.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5, the average of the students\u0026rsquo; answers about that platelets being kept at room temperature was 0.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39, and the average of the students\u0026rsquo; answers about The stored platelets remain active for 5 days before dissolving 0.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.46, and the average answers about whether a unit of plasma raises the concentration of clotting factors by 2\u0026ndash;3% was 0.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49, and the average answers about whether plasma transfusion is indicated if the Pt/PTT is more than 2.5. Double 0.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35, the average of the answers about that the plasma unit must be warmed before transferring it to 37 degrees was 0.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5, the average of the answers about that blood group compatibility must be taken into account when transfusing plasma was 0.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5, and the average knowledge reached 4.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.36. We conclude that knowledge Weak students.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage answers when asked about blood transfusion complications.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average answer for circulatory overload was 0.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42, the average answer for febrile reaction was 0.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5, the average answer for allergic reaction was 0.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5, for hemolytic events after blood transfusion 0.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.38, and for metabolic disorders from stored blood 0.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31. And about the transmission of viral or bacterial diseases 0.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.31, and about thrombotic events or pulmonary emboli 0.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22, and the average knowledge in general was 4.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.321, and knowledge about complications is considered good but minimal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eTransfusion of blood and blood products has many harmful side effects and should only be done if the benefits to the patient outweigh the associated risks. Current understanding of blood transfusion has improved dramatically, revolutionizing the care of surgical, trauma, obstetric, and critically ill patients. [6 ]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Most guidelines recommend a restrictive approach for stable patients with non-hemorrhagic anemia when transfusing red blood cells. Historically, the rationale for transfusing red blood cells has been to improve oxygen transport capacity and parameters associated with oxygen consumption in anemic patients. Current understanding casts serious doubts about the feasibility. True red blood cell transfusions To optimize these factors, there may be no benefit from transfusion beyond the hemoglobin threshold of 7 g/dL, and a guideline-based transfusion policy should be adopted for the administration of all blood products, including fresh frozen plasma., concentrating plates, cooling, etc. This should be combined with clinical judgement. [7 ]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnesthesiologists are involved in the majority of blood transfusions in the perioperative period, trauma resuscitation, critical care, and obstetric hemorrhage. Blood transfusion refers to the administration of blood and blood derivatives such as homologous or whole blood, red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrates, fibringin concentrates, etc. These products are intended to maintain or repair the oxygen-carrying capacity and clotting property of the blood. We complement current understanding of the physiological rationale behind perioperative blood transfusion, available blood components and their indications, techniques for assessing and reducing blood loss, the role of point-of-care testing in blood transfusion management, and transfusion complications. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe number of participants in our study was 277 students from medical colleges at the Syrian Private University. They met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their average age was 23.21 years. The average score of students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about the indications for blood transfusion during surgery was 1.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5, of the indications for blood transfusion during surgery: disorders. Blood clotting, hemolytic blood lesions, severe uncontrolled bleeding, and resorting to artificial surgery with open-heart surgery [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e. However, the average knowledge of females was higher than that of males (statistical significance is less than 0.05), and the average degree of knowledge was about matters that must be taken into consideration during blood transfusion. In the perioperative period 2.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.203 During blood transfusion in the perioperative period, it is necessary to check whether there is a history of jaundice of unknown cause, whether there is a viral infection, those who have received a vaccine within the last three months, those with G6BD deficiency, homosexuals, and addicts. And immunosuppressants [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e], which may lead to serious complications in recipient patients, but the average knowledge of females was higher than that of males (statistical significance less than 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe percentage of patients\u0026rsquo; knowledge of the rules of blood conservation was weak, but the knowledge of males was higher (statistical significance less than 0.05). The students\u0026rsquo; knowledge of the rules for preserving blood was weak, one of the rules that must be taken into consideration when preserving blood. The blood must be warmed before it is transferred to the patient, and red blood cells can be stored by making the tension outside the cell surface higher than inside the cell for a period of up to ten years. It was found through a review of the literature that The most common type of blood transfusion is concentrated red blood cells [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the advantages of the methods of transfusing each component separately is that it gives the component that is missing [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The average degree of knowledge about the properties of platelets and plasma was weak, but female knowledge was higher (statistical significance less than 0.05). The degree of knowledge about the mixtures was weak, but females\u0026rsquo; knowledge was higher than males (statistical significance less than 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study is the first of its kind in our country and other countries. The degree of students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about the indications for blood transfusion and the matters that must be taken into consideration during blood transfusion during surgery, the rules of blood preservation, and knowledge about platelets and plasma, was weak and less than the expected level, while the percentage of They have good knowledge about blood transfusion complications.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Research Ethics Committee in the Syrian Private University and the ethical committees in the concerned Syrian private university approved the study protocol. Verbal informed consent was obtained from every participant before participation. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were by the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data related to this paper\u0026rsquo;s conclusion are available and stored by the authors. All data are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from SPU or any other funding agency in the public, commercial or non-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eW.M conceptualized the study, S.A wrote the study protocol, performed the statistical analysis, participated in data collection, and did the literature search. S.A participated in the literature search, interpret the results, wrote the main manuscript, N.R. revised the draft. All authors read and approved the final draft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe are thankful to the management of the Syrian Private University and for their support in the field of medical training and research. We would also like to thank Dr. Najwa \u0026nbsp;Rekmani for his help and supervision in the paper.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLou SS, Liu H, Lu C, et al. Personalized Surgical Transfusion Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning to Guide Preoperative Type and Screen Orders. Anesthesiology 2022; 137:55.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeier JM, Tschoellitsch T. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Patient Blood Management: A Scoping Review. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:524.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLim K, Satkunasivam R, Nipper C, et al. 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A comparison of flow rates and warming capabilities of the Level 1 and Rapid Infusion System with various-size intravenous catheters. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:358.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDutky PA, Stevens SL, Maull KI. Factors affecting rapid fluid resuscitation with large-bore introducer catheters. J Trauma 1989; 29:856.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTaylor RW, Palagiri AV. Central venous catheterization. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:1390.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVanneman MW, Balakrishna A, Lang AL, et al. Improving Transfusion Safety in the Operating Room with a Barcode Scanning System Designed Specifically for the Surgical Environment and Existing Electronic Medical Record Systems: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Anesth Analg 2020; 131:1217.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuttall GA, Abenstein JP, Stubbs JR, et al. Computerized bar code-based blood identification systems and near-miss transfusion episodes and transfusion errors.Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:354.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[{"identity":"cf5fef4b-45bc-4412-9a85-2ad88755db23","identifier":"10.13039/100016418","name":"B.K. Kee Foundation","awardNumber":"0505522382","order_by":0}],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Syrian Private University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Blood transfusion, perioperative, university students, Syrian Private University, awareness, new strategies","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997645/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997645/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnesthesiologists are involved in most blood transfusions during the perioperative period, trauma resuscitation, critical care, and obstetric hemorrhage. Transfusion refers to the administration of blood and blood products, such as whole blood, packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and concentrated fibrinogen etc. These products aim to maintain the ability to carry oxygen and restore the blood clotting property. This study aims to know the awareness of Syrian Private University students about modern strategies for blood transfusion in the perioperative period.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis is a cross-sectional study that used a questionnaire in the form of an electronic survey that was administered among medical college students at the Syrian Private University. 277 students answered the questionnaire. The electronic questionnaire included a set of variables, including demographic and personal information for students, variables about indications for blood transfusion during surgery, rules for preserving blood, and a study of knowledge about how to transfer, use, and methods of preserving blood products and their benefits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe average of the students\u0026rsquo; answers about the indications for blood transfusion during surgery was 1.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5, and the average of the students\u0026rsquo; answers about the issues that they should take into consideration when transfusing blood was 2.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.203. The majority of the students answered correctly when asked about the rules for blood preservation, and the average of the students\u0026rsquo; answers about knowledge with the rules for dealing with a blood sample of 1.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.96, the majority of students answered correctly when asked about concentrated red blood cells, and the average answers when asked about platelets and plasma was 4.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.36, and the average answers of students when asked about complications was 4.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;232. In our study, the percentage of female knowledge was higher Among males (statistical significance\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;less than 0.05), except for the rules of blood conservation and knowledge of red blood cells, knowledge was greater among males (statistical significance\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;less than 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe degree of students\u0026rsquo; knowledge about the indications for blood transfusion, the matters that must be taken into consideration during blood transfusion during surgery, the rules of blood preservation, and knowledge about platelets and plasma, was weak and below the expected level, while their degree of knowledge about the complications of blood transfusion was good.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Syrian private university students' awareness of blood transfusion strategies at perioperative period","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-02-29 06:36:57","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3997645/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d618f669-9b26-4b48-b233-be4e29a4d209","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 29th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":29038662,"name":"Anesthesiology \u0026 Pain Medicine"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-02-29T06:36:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-02-29 06:36:57","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3997645","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3997645","identity":"rs-3997645","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}