Walking Toward Better Health: The Influence of Nordic Walking Training on Gait and Exercise Tolerance in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients

Walking Toward Better Health: The Influence of Nordic Walking Training on Gait and Exercise Tolerance in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Walking Toward Better Health: The Influence of Nordic Walking Training on Gait and Exercise Tolerance in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients Agnieszka Szpala, Sławomir Winiarski, Małgorzata Kołodziej, Ryszard Jasiński, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062091/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The research explores the impact of a 6-week Nordic Walking (NW) program on physiological and biomechanical aspects in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients. Twelve male IHD patients (66.2 ± 5.2 years, 12.2 ± 7.5 years of disease duration) were evaluated pre- and post-training for (i) gait parameters, (ii) exercise tolerance using electrocardiographic (ECG) stress test, (iii) a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The NW training, adhering to IHD patient guidelines, involved a 100-meter walk at a self-selected, preferred speed without sticks, with classic NW sticks and mechatronic sticks. Post-training, significant enhancements were observed in ECG stress test duration, metabolic equivalency, and 6MWT distance, irrespective of the stick type. However, no significant changes were noted in spatiotemporal parameters concerning the measured side, stick utilisation, or type. The results suggest that NW training boosts exercise capacity and refines gait mechanics in male IHD patients. However, the improvement in exercise capacity was not linked to changes in gait mechanics from NW training but rather to the movement during NW gait. Hence, the key to enhancing exercise capacity in IHD patients is the movement during NW gait, not the quality of gait mechanics. Health sciences/Cardiology Health sciences/Health care gait analysis heart diseases Nordic Walking training symmetry MEMS (mechatronic sensors) Figures Figure 1 1. Introduction Walking training is the basis of rehabilitation in many medical specialities. Currently, the most recommended training is Nordic Walking (NW), which engages muscles to a greater extent than free walking, causing up to a 15-fold increase in their activity 1 – 3 . During NW, the range of movements in the joints increases, contributing to increased speed and safety due to better body balance 4 . Knobloch and Vogt 5 research show that the frequency of injuries was 0.9/1000 hours of training, and falls occurred with a frequency of 0.2/1000 hours of training. NW training results in a higher level of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) - up to 22%, a 16% increase in heart rate (HR) and 22% higher energy expenditure compared to free walking 1 , 6 – 8 . NW training in patients with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is indicated regardless of the method of its treatment, both after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The training can be implemented early after acute coronary syndrome and in subsequent stages of cardiac rehabilitation. NW is a safe form of walking training, does not cause undesirable cardiovascular effects that require a reduction in training intensity or interruption 9 – 12 and improves functional efficiency, especially dynamic balance and upper and lower body endurance 9 , 13 . Our previous studies of a group of patients with heart failure confirmed that the NW technique increases the intensity of training even in the case of people with low exercise tolerance. The studies showed that patients with heart failure in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class-II tolerated submaximal treadmill walking using the NW technique well. The walking did not increase the symptoms of dyspnoea, myocardial ischemia or arrhythmia. All subjects completed the test without complications of the cardiovascular system, obtaining higher values of hemodynamic parameters than during free walking 14 . Our previous research on walking training in patients with intermittent claudication also shows that the correct gait pattern assessed with kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters significantly impacts rehabilitation effectiveness 15 – 17 . Taking into account the biomechanical parameters in the walking training of patients with cardiovascular diseases is vital as these patients are diagnosed with walking disorders. This applies primarily to the stabilisation of the knee joint and rebound, showing a relationship with decreased exercise tolerance in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This is particularly important in the case of the functioning of the ankle joint, where approximately 60% of the "propelling force" during gait is generated. Weakness of the calf muscles causes dysfunction of this joint and, thus, a decrease in the "propelling force" of gait, which results, among others, in a decrease in speed 18 , 19 . Gait speed, stride length, gait cycle and step length are also lower in these patients compared to healthy individuals 20 , 21 . However, in previous studies, the authors did not refer to the NW gait technique, nor did they precisely describe at what level, according to the International Nordic Walking Federation (INWA) guidelines, the training programs were conducted based on kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters. They only provided their physiological characteristics. This resulted in the difficulty of analysing these parameters in real-time using classic NW sticks. In this case, mechatronic sticks equipped with measurement and signalling systems that enable real-time measurement and feedback to the user about the walking technique may be helpful. Therefore, the study aims to assess the relationship between the physiological and biomechanical effects of NW training in patients with IHD. It was assumed that the physiological results of this training would be related to the gait technique. 2. Material and Methods Research material The study was conducted in 12 men aged 57 to 71 (mean 66.2 years) suffering from ischemic heart disease who underwent a 6-week NW training. A weak differentiation characterised the study group regarding age, height, and body weight, as indicated by the calculated values of the coefficient of variation − 7.85%, 3.88%, and 12.47%, respectively. This shows an excellent homogeneity of the group. This coefficient was 61.47% only for the disease's duration, proving a moderate differentiation of the variable. The disease duration ranged from 31 to 2 years, with an average of 12 years. Nine patients underwent PTCA, two CABG, and one single CABG (Table 1). None of the patients had symptoms of heart failure. All the participants had a similar level of NW gait skills. *** TABLE 1 IN HERE *** The participants were informed about the aims and methodology used in the experiment and gave written informed consent for participation in the investigation. Informed consent was obtained from the participant in Fig. 1 to publish his image in an open-access publication. The Senate Committee on Research Ethics of the Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences approved the experiment (Reg.No:40/2019) as conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki. Testing method All patients were measured before and after training using the MyoMotion analysis system (Noraxon Inc., USA). During the measurement, inertial motion units (IMU) were placed on the tested person's body (Fig. 1 ). IMU sensors enabled data recording and comprehensive analysis with a sampling frequency of 200Hz 22 . The subject's task was to cover a 100-meter distance with three types of walking - walking without sticks, walking with classic NW sticks, and walking with mechatronic sticks. The basic step with NW sticks took place after a short instruction given by an NW instructor. The walk took place on an artificial turf pitch with a preferred speed. Two passes were made for each gait, which allowed for an average of 70 complete gait cycles per pass. The construction of mechatronic sticks has been described in our previous studies 23 , 24 . Signal tests from the inertial, pressure, contact, and distance sensors confirmed sufficient accuracy 23 , 25 . The following parameters were recorded separately for the right/left (RT/LT) lower/upper limb: 1. spatiotemporal parameters related to the step cycle (in %): stance phase duration, loading response duration, single support duration, pre-swing duration, swing phase duration, and double stance duration; Step time (in ms), stride time (ms), step length (cm), stride length (cm), velocity (m/s) and step frequency (cadence; in steps/min) were also recorded; 2. range of motion (ROM) expressed in angular degrees at the following joints: shoulder (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal-external rotation), elbow (flexion-extension), wrist (flexion-extension, radial-ulnar, supination-pronation), hip (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal-external rotation), knee (flexion-extension), ankle (dorsiflexion-plantarflexion, inversion-eversion, abduction-adduction). An electrocardiographic (ECG) stress test was performed on a treadmill while monitoring a patient's condition. Blood pressure and HR were measured and recorded at least every 2–3 minutes. The end of the test occurred after reaching the assumed HR or meeting the cardiac criteria for stopping the test (Table 2) 26 . *** TABLE 2 IN HERE *** Another measured parameter was exercise tolerance. It was measured using an electrocardiographic Modified Bruce Protocol and a 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) 27 , 28 . The 6MWT was performed over a designated distance of 30 meters. The subject walked back and forth (shuttle walk) for 6 minutes at a pace of their choice, as fast as possible, but without running 29 . NW training The training protocol was designed according to the current guidelines for patients with IHD 30 . It involved endurance training conducted in an interval system, which took place 3 times a week for one hour over 6 weeks. The recording of the tested parameters took place before the start of the NW training (Test 1) and after its completion (Test 2). Throughout the program, each patient underwent 18 one-hour training sessions. Training loads were selected individually for each person based on the result of the ECG exercise test, 6MWT, hemodynamic response to physical effort and subjective feelings of the patient on the simplified Borg scale. The 6-week rehabilitation program was divided into 2 equal stages of 3 weeks each. It was carried out in controlled conditions under the supervision of a physiotherapist (an NW instructor) with a gradually increasing load. The patients were equipped with NW sticks (Campra with a clip, KV+, Switzerland) individually adjusted to the body height of each user. Statistical analysis The variables' normal distribution was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Differences between the results of functional efficiency measurements before and after the intervention were verified with the paired sample t-test or the Wilcoxon test in the absence of normal distribution. Changes in gait parameters between the pre-post tests were analysed using the analysis of variance for repeated measurements. The analysis considered the type of gait and the side of the measurement as possible factors differentiating the examined variables and their changes. The homogeneity of variance was verified by the M-Box test. Tukey's post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons. Friedman's and Dunn Bonferroni's post hoc tests were used in case of violation of ANOVA assumptions. Partial eta squared (η p 2 ) was used to assess the effect size of the ANOVA results following the recommendations of Richardson 31 . Cohen's d was calculated for paired observations and standardised for the correlation strength between the measurements 32 . For Cohen's d = 1.2, the test's estimated power was 0.80. Relationships between changes in gait parameters and changes in the results of fitness tests were assessed with Spearman's ρ. All the analyses were performed using Statistica 13.3.0 (TIBCO Software Inc.). The statistical significance of the results was accepted at p < 0.05. 3. Results The results of all measurements in tests before and after the 6-week NW training are presented in Table 3. A significant increase in the duration of the ECG test and an increase in MET were found. The distance in 6MWT was also significantly increased. *** TABLE 3 IN HERE *** In the case of kinematic parameters (Table 4), in the second test, higher values were observed than in the first one for ankle dorsi-/plantarflexion and wrist supination-pronation during free walking for both sides of the measurement, ankle inversion-eversion for the left side of the measurement both with and without both types of sticks, hip flexion-extension and shoulder internal-external rotation regardless of measurement side and poles used, hip abduction-adduction and hip internal-external rotation for the left side only in normal walking, wrist flexion-extension for the left side in free walking and with standard sticks and shoulder flexion-extension for the right side with mechatronic sticks. Elbow flexion-extension in the second measurement compared to the first one was larger in the standard gait and lower in the right limb when walking with sticks. The largest differences between the 1st and 2nd tests concerned the parameters measured for the left side during free walking. The side of measurement was a significant effect determining differences only for ankle inversion–eversion (p < 0.001), while the use of sticks or their lack differentiated changes in ankle dorsi-/plantarflexion (p < 0.001), elbow flexion-extension (p < 0.001), hip abduction-adduction (p = 0.007), hip internal-external rotation (p = 0.002), shoulder internal-external rotation (p = 0.001), and wrist supination-pronation (p < 0.001), indicating more significant differences when walking without sticks than with sticks. The types of sticks did not determine the observed changes in angular ranges. *** TABLE 4 IN HERE *** Changes in spatiotemporal parameters in the second measurement compared to the first were noted only in the case of walking with regular and mechatronic sticks. Measurement results of kinematic parameters of gait depending on its type in cardiac patients before (Test 1) and after (Test 2) the 6-week NW training (n = 12) are presented in Table 5. Changes in spatiotemporal parameters in the second measurement compared to the first were noted only in the case of walking with regular and mechatronic sticks. No differences were found during the free walk. The following values have decreased: double stance, load response regardless of the measured side and used sticks, pre-swing for the left side when walking with regular sticks, stance phase when walking with mechatronic sticks only for the right side and standard sticks for both sides. Higher values in the second test than in the first were recorded only for single support LT and swing phase RT, regardless of the type of sticks. The measured side, the use of sticks or their lack and type did not significantly differentiate changes in spatiotemporal parameters in the pre-post tests. *** TABLE 5 IN HERE *** All changes in parameters related to biomechanical gait parameters and changes in exercise capacity parameters were independent of the patients' age (p > 0.05). For most of the observed changes in biomechanical gait parameters, with a few exceptions, no association was found with changes in exercise capacity parameters (Table 6). Increasing ECG duration as a result of repeated measurements correlated with a more remarkable change in the left side of the measurements: hip flexion-extension in walking with standard walking sticks and shoulder internal-external rotation with mechatronic walking sticks, and with a smaller change in load response RT with ordinary walking sticks. MET differences were negatively correlated with changes in hip abduction-adduction LT and hip internal-external rotation LT in free walking and positively with changes in shoulder internal-external rotation LT and shoulder flexion-extension RT while walking with mechatronic sticks and with changes in wrist supination-pronation RT when free walking. Changes in 6MWT scores were only correlated with changes in ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion RT during free walking. *** TABLE 6 IN HERE *** 4. Discussion The 6-week NW training significantly increased the exercise capacity of the examined patients with IHD, extending the duration of the ECG exercise test by about 8%, and the distance in 6MWT by about 14%, which resulted in an increase in MET by about 9%. These are lower values of increases in these parameters than those obtained by other authors 9 , 13 . Still, the patients had relatively high baseline values. The average MET value before the start of the NW training qualified them for the group of high efficiency, and the result obtained in 6MWT was within the range for healthy people. Typically, higher initial values ​​of the tested parameters result in lower increases due to physical training. Nevertheless, the tested parameters characterising exercise capacity showed significant increases. The 6-week NW training also resulted in a significant increase in kinematic parameters, which are essential for gait efficiency. This concerned primarily the increase in the range of motion in the ankle joint during free walking, which constitutes 60% of the "driving" force of walking, and in the hip joint, regardless of the type of gait and in the shoulder joints during walking with mechatronic sticks, which is also a factor in increasing the efficiency and safety of walking. The results of the impact of NW training on the kinematic parameters of gait obtained by us are also confirmed by studies by other authors 4 . It should also be emphasised that the use of sticks strongly affected changes in ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion (η p 2 = 0.22, p < 0.001), which confirms that the NW gait is an essential stimulus for increasing walking efficiency. It was also important to show the relatively most considerable differences between the first and second tests of the parameters measured for the left side in free walking. This could indicate the activation of the left half of the body, which, due to the specificity of the disease, is used less by patients with IHD. One of the symptoms of IHD is pain behind the sternum radiating to the left shoulder, which is aggravated by physical exertion. This causes a reflex, analgesic reaction consisting in less involvement of the left half of the body in various life situations, also when walking, which can lead to a permanent asymmetry. NW training in patients with IHD may prevent these reactions or restore the symmetry of the right and left half of the body during gait. In the case of spatiotemporal parameters, significant changes were demonstrated only during the study of walking with NW poles, which indicates the legitimacy of this type of training. A substantial decrease in the Double Stance value and an increase in the Single support and Swing phase values after a 6-week NW training in patients with IHD confirms the improvement of their walking efficiency. It is consistent with the observations of other authors. However, there was no increase in Stride length and shortening of Cadence, which was observed in similar studies 4 . The increase in the value of the studied physiological and biomechanical parameters due to a 6-week NW training in patients with IHD seems to be a fairly obvious result. In contrast, the central assumption of these studies was the relationship between changes in these parameters. It was assumed that increased exercise tolerance would be associated with improving gait efficiency measured by kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters. However, this assumption was not confirmed because most changes in exercise capacity parameters resulted from 6-week NW training in patients with IHD. Apart from a few exceptions, no relationship was found with changes in the biomechanical parameters of gait. It follows that the important role in increasing the exercise tolerance of these patients was the gait movement itself, not its quality. Nevertheless, some strong correlations may be the basis for further research and suggest the existence of relationships between the increase in exercise capacity and the change in some angular and spatiotemporal parameters of gait. With the increase in the range of Hip Flexion-Extension when walking with standard walking sticks and Shoulder Internal-External Rotation when walking with mechatronic walking sticks, the duration of the ECG stress test increased. While the relationship between the increase in Hip Flexion-Extension with the duration of the stress test seems quite apparent, the relationship between Shoulder Internal-External Rotation is challenging to explain. This is because gait is performed mainly in the sagittal plane, and movements in the frontal and transverse take place to a small extent. They are not recommended because they increase energy expenditure, shortening the time of the exercise test. However, this does not apply to walking with NW sticks because a positive correlation occurred between the increase in MET and Shoulder Internal-External Rotation. Perhaps, during walking with sticks, movements in the transverse plane in the shoulder joint resulting from the specificity of this type of gait allow for better results of stress tests. However, this would require confirmation in further studies conducted in larger populations. In the case of spatiotemporal parameters, the only negative correlation concerned the increase in the duration of the ECG exercise test and the Load Response of the right limb when walking with standard walking sticks, which seems quite obvious. Limitations in the conducted study The analysis of the obtained results did not consider the degree of advancement of the disease and the activity and physical fitness of the examined men, which could have impacted the tested parameters. Long-term observations of the obtained results would also be necessary. Future studies should be conducted in a larger group of patients with IHD, considering the severity of the disease and their activity and physical fitness as independent variables. Similar studies should also be performed in a group of women because sex may also differentiate the gait technique of patients with IHD. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that NW is a useful therapeutic intervention for improving the exercise capacity and gait technique of men with IHD. The results indicate that NW training significantly impacted exercise capacity, leading to an improvement in gait technique among patients with IHD. However, the findings suggest no substantial relationship between the changes in exercise capacity and alterations in gait mechanics parameters in most patients, although a few exceptions were observed. Therefore, it appears that the primary focus of NW training in increasing exercise capacity in patients with IHD is to improve the overall movement patterns during NW gait rather than solely enhancing gait mechanics quality. These results offer valuable insights for clinicians seeking to optimise rehabilitation programs for patients with IHD by integrating NW as an effective intervention for enhancing exercise capacity and gait technique. Declarations Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the following individuals and organisations for their contributions to this article: MSc Sebastian Jaroszczuk, who provided technical assistance with the data analysis; the National Science Centre (Poland), for providing financial support for the research project [grant number 2016/23/B/NZ7/03310]; and the study participants, who volunteered their time and effort to make this study possible. Author contributions (names must be given as initials) AS, SWi, RJ, AL, DK, KL, JB, SWu and BP designed the study. JB and SWu collected the data. MK performed the statistical analysis. AS, SW, RJ, AL, DK, KL, MW and BP prepared the manuscript. MW collected the funds. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Competing interests Statement The authors declare no competing interests. Data availability statement The individual datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. References Pellegrini, B. et al. Exploring Muscle Activation during Nordic Walking: A Comparison between Conventional and Uphill Walking. PLoS One 10, e0138906 (2015). Pellegrini, B. et al. Mechanical energy patterns in nordic walking: comparisons with conventional walking. Gait Posture 51, 234–238 (2017). Pellegrini, B. et al. Muscular and metabolic responses to different Nordic walking techniques, when style matters. PLoS One 13, e0195438 (2018). Roy, M. et al. Nordic walking influence on biomechanical parameters: a systematic review. Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 56, 607–615 (2020). Knobloch, K. & Vogt, P. Nordic Walking Verletzungen - Der Nordic-Walking-Daumen als neue Verletzungsentität. Sport. · Sport. 20, 137–142 (2006). Porcari, J. P., Hendrickson, T. L., Walter, P. R., Terry, L. & Walsko, G. The Physiological Responses to Walking with and without Power Poles™ on Treadmill Exercise. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 68, 161–166 (1997). Figard-Fabre, H., Fabre, N., Leonardi, A. & Schena, F. Physiological and perceptual responses to Nordic walking in obese middle-aged women in comparison with the normal walk. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 108, 1141–1151 (2010). Grainer, A. et al. Physiological and perceptual responses to nordic walking in a natural mountain environment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14, (2017). Cugusi, L. et al. Nordic walking for individuals with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 24, 1938–1955 (2017). Piotrowicz, E. et al. Home-based telemonitored Nordic walking training is well accepted, safe, effective and has high adherence among heart failure patients, including those with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: a randomised controlled study. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 22, 1368–1377 (2015). Rybicki, J. R. et al. Oxygen uptake during Nordic walking training in patients rehabilitated after coronary events. Kardiol. Pol. 73, 17–23 (2015). Vehí, C. et al. Nordic walking for cardiovascular prevention in patients with ischaemic heart disease or metabolic syndrome. Med. Clínica (English Ed. 147, 537–539 (2016). Girold, S., Rousseau, J., Le Gal, M., Coudeyre, E. & Le Henaff, J. Nordic walking versus walking without poles for rehabilitation with cardiovascular disease: Randomised controlled trial. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 60, 223–229 (2017). Lejczak, A. et al. Nordic Walking May Safely Increase the Intensity of Exercise Training in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 25, 145–149 (2016). Bulińska, K. et al. Nordic pole walking improves walking capacity in patients with intermittent claudication: A randomised controlled trial. Disabil. Rehabil. 38, 1318–1324 (2016). Dziubek, W. et al. Effects of Physical Rehabilitation on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters and Ground Reaction Forces of Patients with Intermittent Claudication. J. Clin. Med. 9, 2826 (2020). Pietraszewski, B., Woźniewski, M., Jasiński, R., Struzik, A. & Szuba, A. Changes in Gait Variables in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. Biomed Res. Int. 2019, 1–9 (2019). Panizzolo, F. A. et al. Gait analysis in chronic heart failure: The calf as a locus of impaired walking capacity. J. Biomech. 47, 3719–3725 (2014). Panizzolo, F. A. et al. Is the soleus a sentinel muscle for impaired aerobic capacity in heart failure? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 47, 498–508 (2015). Ozcan, E. B. et al. Impaired Balance and Gait Characteristics in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Hear. Lung Circ. 31, 832–840 (2022). Szpala, A. et al. Do Mechatronic Poles Change the Gait Technique of Nordic Walking in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease? Appl. Bionics Biomech. 2023, 1–10 (2023). Szpala, A. et al. Selected Spatiotemporal and Joint Angle Parameters in Normal Gait and Nordic Walking with Classical and Mechatronic Poles in Aspects of Sex Differences. Biomed Res. Int. 2022, 1–9 (2022). Szrek, J. et al. Force Measurement Module for Mechatronic Nordic Walking Poles. in Proceedings of the 14th International Scientific Conference: Computer Aided Engineering. CAE 2018. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. (eds. Rusiński, E. & Pietrusiak, D.) 790–794 (Springer, 2019). doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-04975-1_91 . Szpala, A. et al. No Influence of Mechatronic Poles on the Movement Pattern of Professional Nordic Walkers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20, 163 (2023). Wudarczyk, S. et al. Research on the mechatronic gait monitoring system with nordic walking poles. in Modern trends in theory of machines and mechatronic systems (eds. Bałchanowski, J., Gronowicz, A. & Szrek, J.) 9 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020). doi: 10.1109/MSM49833.2020.9202171 . Kaminsky, L. A. & Whaley, M. H. Evaluation of a New Standardized Ramp Protocol: The BSU/Bruce Ramp Protocol. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 18, 438–444 (1998). Hamilton, D. M. & Haennel, R. G. Validity and Reliability of the 6-Minute Walk Test in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Population. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 20, 156–164 (2000). Uszko-Lencer, N. H. M. K. et al. Reliability, construct validity and determinants of 6-minute walk test performance in patients with chronic heart failure. Int. J. Cardiol. 240, 285–290 (2017). Sharma, R. & Anker, S. D. The 6-minute walk test and prognosis in chronic heart failure - The available evidence. Eur. Heart J. 22, 445–448 (2001). Fletcher, G. F. et al. Exercise standards for testing and training: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 104, 1694–1740 (2001). Richardson, J. T. E. Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educ. Res. Rev. 6, 135–147 (2011). Cohen, J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences . Statistical Power Anaylsis for the Behavioral Sciences (1988). Tables Table.1. Characteristics of the study group. Case Age (years) Body height (m) Body weight (kg) Disease Duration (years) PTCA / CABG 1 64 1.82 104 31 - 2 66 1.74 74 12 +/+ 3 74 1.84 81 17 +/- 4 68 1.80 98 2 +/- 5 69 1.67 77 7 +/- 6 57 1.75 79 9 +/- 7 69 1.65 89 9 -/+ 8 57 1.71 78 5 +/- 9 71 1.61 78 8 +/- 10 67 1.76 88 11 +/- 11 61 1.79 108 14 +/+ 12 71 1.71 93 21 -/- Mean±SD 66.2±5.2 1.738±.067 87.3±10.9 12.2±7.5 Total: 9/3 Legend : SD – standard deviation, PTCA – percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, CABG – coronary artery bypass grafting Table.2. A protocol according to Bruce's modification. Degree Phase time (min) Speed (km/h) Treadmill incline (%) MET 1 3 2.7 0 2.3 2 3 2.7 5 3.5 3 3 2.7 10 4.6 4 3 4.0 12 7.1 5 3 5.5 14 10.2 6 3 6.8 16 13.5 Legend : MET – metabolic equivalent of task Table.3. Results of the ECG test and the 6MWT distance of cardiac patients before (Test 1) and after the 6-week NW training (Test 2) (n=12). Parameters Test 1 M±SD Test 2 M±SD p-value (t-test/ Wilcoxon test ) Cohen's d Time, (s) 886.92 ± 108.74 960.17 ± 99.24 <0.001 12.18 MET 10.57 ± 2.05 11.63 ± 2.14 0.018 1.91 6MWT, (m) 499.25 ± 52.20 570.25 ± 53.80 <0.001 2.73 Legend : MET – metabolic equivalent of task; 6MWT – a 6-minute walk test; M- mean; SD - standard deviation; Italics indicate the results of non-parametric tests; Table.4. Measurement results of kinematic parameters of gait depending on its type in cardiac patients before (Test 1) and after (Test 2) the 6-week NW training (n=12). ROM (deg) Type of Gait Test 1 M±SD Test 2 M±SD p-value (ANOVA / Friedman test ) p-value (post-hoc test) Cohen's d Ankle Abduction – Adduction LT Free walk 13.86 ± 4.71 15.69 ± 6.39 Standard 21.1 ± 9.79 13.8 ± 4.08 Mechatron 21.92 ± 10.58 15.45 ± 5.12 0.267 Ankle Abduction – Adduction RT Free walk 15.89 ± 7.46 21.98 ± 10.26 Standard 22.95 ± 10.58 21.9 ± 8.56 Mechatron 24.36 ± 13.64 20.44 ± 8.91 Ankle Dorsiflexion – Plantarflexion LT Free walk 29.2 ± 9.03 51.14 ± 11.58 <0.001 1.81 Standard 46.68 ± 14.76 51.79 ± 14.55 ns Mechatron 44.58 ± 15.14 51.22 ± 13.48 <0.001 ns Ankle Dorsiflexion – Plantarflexion RT Free walk 27.87 ± 7.39 51.86 ± 8.48 h p 2 =0.44 <0.001 3.17 Standard 46.81 ± 13.98 58.73 ± 15.64 ns Mechatron 45.45 ± 11.17 50.45 ± 13.26 ns Ankle Inversion – Eversion LT Free walk 11.16 ± 4.36 17.72 ± 4.43 0.023 1.23 Standard 15.28 ± 5.82 20.76 ± 4.97 0.025 1.21 Mechatron 17.97 ± 6.91 25.21 ± 3.17 <0.001 0.007 1.22 Ankle Inversion- Eversion RT Free walk 15.65 ± 4.64 19.88 ± 6.95 h p 2 =0.24 ns Standard 21.74 ± 7.24 21.84 ± 7.13 ns Mechatron 22.7 ± 6.76 18.9 ± 6.62 ns Elbow Flexion – Extension LT Free walk 29.97 ± 11.83 39.91 ± 14.3 0.028 1.27 Standard 57.7 ± 21.76 41.38 ± 14.93 ns Mechatron 59.91 ± 21.24 43.01 ± 18.28 <0.001 ns Elbow Flexion- Extension RT Free walk 22.26 ± 11.49 30.46 ± 10.25 0.041 0.66 Standard 54.53 ± 23.4 36.48 ± 7.71 0.004 1.22 Mechatron 54.87 ± 20.91 37.38 ± 10.01 0.016 1.22 Hip Abduction – Adduction LT Free walk 14.7 ± 4.73 22.55 ± 4.67 0.027 1.18 Standard 21.1 ± 3.88 23.32 ± 6.28 ns Mechatron 23.13 ± 7.44 23.49 ± 6.3 0.021 ns Hip Abduction - Aduction RT Free walk 15.43 ± 3.92 19.66 ± 4.31 h p 2 =0.08 ns Standard 20.84 ± 5.65 20.9 ± 3.24 ns Mechatron 24.04 ± 6.04 21.91 ± 3.63 ns Hip Flexion – Extension LT Free walk 49.56 ± 6.82 66.53 ± 8.79 <0.001 3.41 Standard 60.19 ± 8.7 72.05 ± 8.93 0.003 3.88 Mechatron 59.63 ± 10.25 72.97 ± 9.64 <0.001 <0.001 1.90 Hip Flexion - Extension RT Free walk 51.04 ± 9.3 70.39 ± 12.09 h p 2 =0.73 <0.001 2.84 Standard 62.61 ± 8.71 75.13 ± 12.16 0.001 1.97 Mechatron 61.17 ± 9.7 75.95 ± 12.02 <0.001 1.72 Hip Internal – External Rotation LT Free walk 18.82 ± 5.74 26.63 ± 9.26 0.032 0.94 Standard 28.37 ± 8.25 28.5 ± 8.44 ns Mechatron 26.88 ± 7.99 31.09 ± 8.52 0.005 ns Hip Internal – External Rotation RT Free walk 18.42 ± 5.28 23.52 ± 7.63 h p 2 =0.12 ns Standard 28.52 ± 6.13 25.01 ± 7.33 ns Mechatron 24.31 ± 7.06 26.4 ± 8.74 ns Knee Flexion – Extension LT Free walk 68.8 ± 4.71 72.69 ± 7.17 Standard 69.16 ± 6.67 69.96 ± 6.62 Mechatron 68.72 ± 7.77 70.08 ± 6.7 0.069 Knee Flexion – Extension RT Free walk 66.98 ± 7.68 70.79 ± 5.73 Standard 68.42 ± 6.5 69.54 ± 7.37 Mechatron 67.17 ± 6.44 67.56 ± 8.7 Shoulder Abduction – Adduction LT Free walk 9.08 ± 7.88 9.61 ± 5.96 Standard 12.35 ± 9.88 11.22 ± 7.51 Mechatron 13.77 ± 8.76 10.19 ± 4.25 0.524 Shoulder Abduction – Adduction RT Free walk 8.24 ± 3.83 7.65 ± 3.12 Standard 12.74 ± 4.5 18.78 ± 21.67 Mechatron 10.76 ± 4.89 15.59 ± 15.16 Shoulder Internal – External Rotation LT Free walk 21.47 ± 6.41 83.37 ± 16.06 <0.001 3.68 Standard 47.83 ± 24.68 83.04 ± 24.16 0.006 1.17 Mechatron 46.11 ± 24.18 74.35 ± 14.93 <0.001 0.032 1.06 Shoulder Internal – External Rotation RT Free walk 19.53 ± 9.09 83.6 ± 20.4 h p 2 =0.71 <0.001 4.58 Standard 50.16 ± 17.33 89.14 ± 19.26 0.001 1.91 Mechatron 49.93 ± 16.54 86.64 ± 13.36 0.003 2.06 Shoulder Flexion – Extension LT Free walk 15.28 ± 8.25 17.99 ± 7.87 ns Standard 17.29 ± 6.3 21.35 ± 8.97 ns Mechatron 16.35 ± 5.77 23.25 ± 9.34 0.006 ns Shoulder Flexion - Extension RT Free walk 12.66 ± 6.23 17.09 ± 7.38 ns Standard 17.01 ± 7.1 28.49 ± 15.54 ns Mechatron 16.11 ± 7.25 27.65 ± 13.44 0.041 0.84 Wrist Flexion - Extension LT Free walk 8.39 ± 5.23 13.61 ± 12.07 0.028 0.40 Standard 12.19 ± 6.36 17.13 ± 7.97 0.026 1.07 Mechatron 12.99 ± 6.04 15.8 ± 6.63 0.017 ns Wrist Flexion - Extension RT Free walk 6.74 ± 3.91 8.03 ± 5.04 ns Standard 10.28 ± 5.47 15.21 ± 8.19 ns Mechatron 9.86 ± 4.2 10.82 ± 4.53 ns Wrist Radial – Ulnar LT Free walk 8.79 ± 3.94 16.25 ± 6.9 Standard 24.52 ± 8.43 23.89 ± 9.59 Mechatron 24.53 ± 13.19 25.8 ± 12.35 0.149 Wrist Radial – Ulnar RT Free walk 7.05 ± 4.54 15.73 ± 8.54 Standard 21.03 ± 9.52 22.31 ± 8.44 Mechatron 24.1 ± 13.09 20.23 ± 4.93 Wrist Supination – Pronation LT Free walk 13.56 ± 7.69 72.84 ± 15.38 0.002 4.16 Standard 70.05 ± 38.75 89.02 ± 10.64 ns Mechatron 60.8 ± 44.26 90.93 ± 9.52 <0.001 ns Wrist Supination - Pronation RT Free walk 8.49 ± 5.78 79.85 ± 18.93 0.002 4.28 Standard 64.06 ± 40.97 90.49 ± 11.11 ns Mechatron 63.05 ± 43.34 89.4 ± 7.96 ns Legend : Italics indicate the results of non-parametric tests; ROM - range of motion; M– Mean; SD - standard deviation; LT, RT – left and right sides, respectively; h p 2 – partial eta squared for the effect of the repeated measurement (ANOVA); ns - no statistical significance at p <0.05. Table.5. Measurement results of spatiotemporal gait parameters depending on its type in cardiac patients before (Test 1) and after (Test 2) the 6-week NW training (n=12). Type of Gait Test 1 M±SD Test 2 M±SD p-value (ANOVA /Friedman test ) p-value (post-hoc test) Cohen's d Cadence, step/min Free walk 114.39 ± 4.3 114.07 ± 6.43 Standard 110.84 ± 8.87 111.75 ± 6.26 0.625 Mechatron 108.6 ± 7.7 110.31 ± 5.13 Double stance, % Free walk 19.61 ± 2.78 18.92 ± 3.01 ns Standard 18.83 ± 2.64 16.67 ± 2.56 0.001 0.015 1.73 Mechatron 19.07 ± 2.86 16.84 ± 2.09 h p 2 =0.27 0.013 0.75 Load response LT, % Free walk 9.93 ± 1.51 9.54 ± 1.44 ns Standard 9.55 ± 1.85 8.48 ± 1.63 0.043 0.64 Mechatron 9.45 ± 1.56 8.31 ± 1.19 <0.001 0.032 0.58 Load response RT, % Free walk 9.66 ± 1.98 9.35 ± 1.72 h p 2 =0.20 ns Standard 9.18 ± 1.57 8.08 ± 1.42 0.038 1.63 Mechatron 9.59 ± 1.64 8.46 ± 1.25 0.032 0.90 Pre-swing LT, % Free walk 9.69 ± 1.99 9.22 ± 1.64 ns Standard 9.7 ± 1.8 8.24 ± 1.54 0.002 3.98 Mechatron 9.61 ± 1.66 8.48 ± 1.25 <0.001 ns Pre-swing RT, % Free walk 9.94 ± 1.5 9.72 ± 1.76 ns Standard 9.21 ± 1.52 8.55 ± 1.51 ns Mechatron 9.48 ± 1.55 8.45 ± 1.1 ns Single support LT , % Free walk 39.57 ± 1.94 40.11 ± 1.35 ns Standard 39.13 ± 2.71 41.04 ± 1.71 0.034 1.00 Mechatron 39.59 ± 1.75 41.18 ± 1.41 0.005 0.019 0.95 Single support RT , % Free walk 40.85 ± 1.44 40.82 ± 2.25 ns Standard 41.62 ± 1.66 42.02 ± 1.32 ns Mechatron 41.34 ± 1.61 41.88 ± 1.04 ns Stance phase LT, % Free walk 59.21 ± 1.46 58.92 ± 1.85 ns Standard 58.43 ± 1.61 57.76 ± 1.25 0.023 1.34 Mechatron 58.67 ± 1.68 58 ± 1.17 0.001 ns Stance phase RT, % Free walk 60.46 ± 1.92 59.89 ± 1.34 ns Standard 60.03 ± 1.7 58.66 ± 1.81 0.041 0.95 Mechatron 60.43 ± 1.74 58.8 ± 1.45 0.019 0.95 Step length LT, cm Free walk 72.1 ± 7.43 76.63 ± 8.69 Standard 78.69 ± 8.01 80.36 ± 27.64 Mechatron 78.89 ± 9.05 80.13 ± 25.45 0.818 Step length RT, cm Free walk 76.02 ± 10.21 79.81 ± 9.22 Standard 82.32 ± 8.53 74.59 ± 26.95 Mechatron 79 ± 8.37 79.51 ± 29.02 Step time LT, ms Free walk 531.1 ± 25.8 530.5 ± 33.1 Standard 557.1 ± 44.6 544.2 ± 35.7 Mechatron 566.7 ± 47.78 549.8 ± 27.6 0.418 Step time RT, ms Free walk 520.1 ± 23.2 526.1 ± 35.2 Standard 535.9 ± 40.9 534.9 ± 31.9 Mechatron 544.5 ± 34.01 541.67 ± 28.3 Stride length, cm Free walk 172.3 ± 49.63 187.26 ± 57.3 Standard 185.9 ± 56.7 172.9 ± 64.88 0.883 Mechatron 170.3 ± 42.0 162.7 ± 56.4 Stride time, ms Free walk 1051.2 ± 41.1 1056.6 ± 66.2 Standard 1093.0 ± 82.7 1079.1 ± 64.8 0.555 Mechatron 1111.2 ± 80.0 1091.4 ± 53.6 Swing phase LT, % Free walk 40.79 ± 1.46 41.08 ± 1.85 ns Standard 41.57 ± 1.61 42.24 ± 1.25 ns Mechatron 41.33 ± 1.68 42 ± 1.17 <0.001 ns Swing phase RT, % Free walk 39.54 ± 1.92 40.11 ± 1.34 h p 2 =0.22 ns Standard 39.97 ± 1.7 41.34 ± 1.81 0.007 0.94 Mechatron 39.57 ± 1.74 41.2 ± 1.45 0.001 0.95 Velocity, m/s Free walk 1.65 ± 0.54 1.8 ± 0.63 Standard 1.74 ± 0.68 1.63 ± 0.61 0.943 Mechatron 1.56 ± 0.5 1.51 ± 0.49 Legend : Italics indicate the results of non-parametric tests; M– Mean; SD - standard deviation; LT, RT – left and right sides, respectively; h p 2 – partial eta squared for the effect of the repeated measurement (ANOVA); ns - no statistical significance at p <0.05. Table.6. Correlation coefficients ρ - Spearman between changes in "functional fitness" parameters and changes in gait parameters. Parameters Type of Gait ΔTime ΔMET Δ6MWT ΔAnkle Dorsiflexion - Plantarflexion LT, (deg) Free walk 0.574 -0.047 0.007 ΔAnkle Dorsiflexion – Plantarflexion RT, (deg) Free walk 0.193 0.163 -0.580 ΔAnkle Inversion – Eversion LT, (deg) Free walk -0.221 -0.505 -0.455 Standard 0.042 -0.407 -0.287 Mechatron 0.088 0.051 0.182 ΔElbow Flexion - Extension LT, (deg) Free walk 0.378 0.472 0.245 Standard -0.392 -0.316 -0.182 Mechatron -0.445 -0.265 -0.287 ΔElbow Flexion – Extension RT, (deg) Free walk -0.060 0.105 0.091 Standard -0.396 -0.309 -0.245 Mechatron -0.308 -0.465 -0.168 ΔHip Abduction - Adduction LT, (deg) Free walk -0.263 -0.588 -0.028 ΔHip Flexion – Extension LT, (deg) Free walk 0.532 -0.025 0.105 Standard 0.623 0.025 -0.063 Mechatron 0.557 0.142 0.126 ΔHip Flexion – Extension RT, (deg) Free walk 0.238 -0.291 -0.238 Standard 0.308 0.036 0.077 Mechatron 0.522 0.236 0.147 ΔHip Internal – External Rotation LT, (deg) Free walk -0.277 -0.687 -0.399 ΔShoulder Internal – External Rotation LT, (deg) Free walk 0.238 -0.127 -0.021 Standard 0.560 0.469 -0.133 Mechatron 0.809 0.618 0.168 ΔShoulder Internal - External Rotation RT, (deg) Free walk 0.305 0.163 -0.210 Standard 0.504 0.469 -0.175 Mechatron 0.427 0.276 -0.084 ΔShoulder Flexion - Extension RT, (deg) Mechatron 0.508 0.846 0.399 ΔWrist Flexion - Extension LT, (deg) Free walk 0.060 0.338 0.413 Standard 0.207 0.461 0.196 ΔWrist Supination - Pronation LT, (deg) Free walk -0.179 0.047 -0.063 ΔWrist Supination - Pronation RT, (deg) Free walk 0.123 0.588 0.182 ΔDouble stance, (%) Standard -0.109 -0.392 0.077 Mechatron 0.025 -0.131 -0.035 ΔLoad response LT, (%) Standard 0.151 -0.400 0.084 Mechatron 0.004 -0.276 0.168 ΔLoad response RT, (%) Standard -0.595 -0.185 -0.406 Mechatron 0.025 0.025 -0.035 ΔPre-swing LT, (%) Standard -0.305 -0.309 -0.238 ΔSingle support LT , (%) Standard -0.060 0.331 -0.112 Mechatron 0.200 0.363 0.021 ΔStance phase LT, (%) Standard -0.284 -0.214 -0.210 ΔStance phase RT, (%) Standard -0.270 -0.465 -0.133 Mechatron -0.053 -0.385 -0.028 ΔSwing phase RT, (%) Standard 0.270 0.465 0.133 Mechatron 0.053 0.385 0.028 Legend : Δ – the difference in parameter values between test 1 and test 2; LT, RT – left and right sides, respectively; MET – metabolic equivalent; 6MWT – a 6-minute walk test; significant correlations are marked in bold at p<0.05 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Dec, 2023 Reviews received at journal 14 Dec, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Dec, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Oct, 2023 Reviews received at journal 20 Aug, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Aug, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Aug, 2023 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Jul, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 03 Jul, 2023 Editor invited by journal 21 Jun, 2023 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Jun, 2023 First submitted to journal 14 Jun, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3062091","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":211884509,"identity":"0dda9d21-a120-4e08-9c9a-fcaf1ee28cd8","order_by":0,"name":"Agnieszka Szpala","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Agnieszka","middleName":"","lastName":"Szpala","suffix":""},{"id":211884510,"identity":"2093d008-9bef-4d63-b35d-0b45b38b1b01","order_by":1,"name":"Sławomir Winiarski","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sławomir","middleName":"","lastName":"Winiarski","suffix":""},{"id":211884511,"identity":"2d00437c-740f-47b0-81a6-32a26295709e","order_by":2,"name":"Małgorzata Kołodziej","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Małgorzata","middleName":"","lastName":"Kołodziej","suffix":""},{"id":211884513,"identity":"ebb52e1f-1f6e-460c-9d13-bd2f3229f77d","order_by":3,"name":"Ryszard Jasiński","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ryszard","middleName":"","lastName":"Jasiński","suffix":""},{"id":211884515,"identity":"73ac9013-dc4a-4bd7-9cea-150b89862bdb","order_by":4,"name":"Andrzej Lejczak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Andrzej","middleName":"","lastName":"Lejczak","suffix":""},{"id":211884518,"identity":"48a927cd-ac5e-4433-b2fc-7d939d222f7e","order_by":5,"name":"Dariusz Kałka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dariusz","middleName":"","lastName":"Kałka","suffix":""},{"id":211884521,"identity":"749e5900-13c6-4d69-9e51-5ffb5d457f2a","order_by":6,"name":"Karolina Lorek","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Karolina","middleName":"","lastName":"Lorek","suffix":""},{"id":211884522,"identity":"d8cc6b77-53d1-48ed-8f0b-df85fe2f3a15","order_by":7,"name":"Jacek Bałchanowski","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wrocław University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jacek","middleName":"","lastName":"Bałchanowski","suffix":""},{"id":211884524,"identity":"fd7fddd1-fcb7-4cfc-987e-2206183d4e16","order_by":8,"name":"Sławomir Wudarczyk","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wrocław University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sławomir","middleName":"","lastName":"Wudarczyk","suffix":""},{"id":211884525,"identity":"a1963ce0-8e46-457a-9c3f-58258d1da2bd","order_by":9,"name":"Marek Woźniewski","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marek","middleName":"","lastName":"Woźniewski","suffix":""},{"id":211884528,"identity":"9927797d-34b6-4a5f-a570-96e27e169c5f","order_by":10,"name":"Bogdan Pietraszewski","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bogdan","middleName":"","lastName":"Pietraszewski","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-06-14 09:29:36","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062091/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062091/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":39193038,"identity":"68ffcbd7-4c6e-4faa-8b19-2885fea61cf3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-06-27 20:39:39","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1756567,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eIllustration of sensors placed on the body and the NW poles. Three inertial motion sensors (IMUs) were placed for each of the upper and lower extremities (right/left) and 3 IMUs in the area of the spine (on the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra and 7th thoracic vertebra and in the centre of the sacrum).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3062091/v1/0354660bd89b36af80864b60.png"},{"id":39193039,"identity":"26d1a15a-89a9-46e8-84da-41543b5189b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-06-27 20:39:45","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1129981,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3062091/v1/e19ee8e4-d42b-4f53-9bd7-a188f0f4d433.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Walking Toward Better Health: The Influence of Nordic Walking Training on Gait and Exercise Tolerance in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eWalking training is the basis of rehabilitation in many medical specialities. Currently, the most recommended training is Nordic Walking (NW), which engages muscles to a greater extent than free walking, causing up to a 15-fold increase in their activity \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. During NW, the range of movements in the joints increases, contributing to increased speed and safety due to better body balance \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Knobloch and Vogt \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e research show that the frequency of injuries was 0.9/1000 hours of training, and falls occurred with a frequency of 0.2/1000 hours of training. NW training results in a higher level of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) - up to 22%, a 16% increase in heart rate (HR) and 22% higher energy expenditure compared to free walking \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR7\" citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. NW training in patients with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is indicated regardless of the method of its treatment, both after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The training can be implemented early after acute coronary syndrome and in subsequent stages of cardiac rehabilitation. NW is a safe form of walking training, does not cause undesirable cardiovascular effects that require a reduction in training intensity or interruption \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10 CR11\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and improves functional efficiency, especially dynamic balance and upper and lower body endurance \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur previous studies of a group of patients with heart failure confirmed that the NW technique increases the intensity of training even in the case of people with low exercise tolerance. The studies showed that patients with heart failure in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class-II tolerated submaximal treadmill walking using the NW technique well. The walking did not increase the symptoms of dyspnoea, myocardial ischemia or arrhythmia. All subjects completed the test without complications of the cardiovascular system, obtaining higher values of hemodynamic parameters than during free walking \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Our previous research on walking training in patients with intermittent claudication also shows that the correct gait pattern assessed with kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters significantly impacts rehabilitation effectiveness \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaking into account the biomechanical parameters in the walking training of patients with cardiovascular diseases is vital as these patients are diagnosed with walking disorders. This applies primarily to the stabilisation of the knee joint and rebound, showing a relationship with decreased exercise tolerance in patients with cardiovascular diseases. This is particularly important in the case of the functioning of the ankle joint, where approximately 60% of the \"propelling force\" during gait is generated. Weakness of the calf muscles causes dysfunction of this joint and, thus, a decrease in the \"propelling force\" of gait, which results, among others, in a decrease in speed \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Gait speed, stride length, gait cycle and step length are also lower in these patients compared to healthy individuals \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. However, in previous studies, the authors did not refer to the NW gait technique, nor did they precisely describe at what level, according to the International Nordic Walking Federation (INWA) guidelines, the training programs were conducted based on kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters. They only provided their physiological characteristics. This resulted in the difficulty of analysing these parameters in real-time using classic NW sticks. In this case, mechatronic sticks equipped with measurement and signalling systems that enable real-time measurement and feedback to the user about the walking technique may be helpful.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, the study aims to assess the relationship between the physiological and biomechanical effects of NW training in patients with IHD. It was assumed that the physiological results of this training would be related to the gait technique.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Material and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eResearch material\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in 12 men aged 57 to 71 (mean 66.2 years) suffering from ischemic heart disease who underwent a 6-week NW training. A weak differentiation characterised the study group regarding age, height, and body weight, as indicated by the calculated values of the coefficient of variation \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;7.85%, 3.88%, and 12.47%, respectively. This shows an excellent homogeneity of the group. This coefficient was 61.47% only for the disease's duration, proving a moderate differentiation of the variable. The disease duration ranged from 31 to 2 years, with an average of 12 years. Nine patients underwent PTCA, two CABG, and one single CABG (Table\u0026nbsp;1). None of the patients had symptoms of heart failure. All the participants had a similar level of NW gait skills.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*** TABLE 1 IN HERE ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The participants were informed about the aims and methodology used in the experiment and gave written informed consent for participation in the investigation. Informed consent was obtained from the participant in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e to publish his image in an open-access publication. The Senate Committee on Research Ethics of the Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences approved the experiment (Reg.No:40/2019) as conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTesting method\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll patients were measured before and after training using the MyoMotion analysis system (Noraxon Inc., USA). During the measurement, inertial motion units (IMU) were placed on the tested person's body (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). IMU sensors enabled data recording and comprehensive analysis with a sampling frequency of 200Hz \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe subject's task was to cover a 100-meter distance with three types of walking - walking without sticks, walking with classic NW sticks, and walking with mechatronic sticks. The basic step with NW sticks took place after a short instruction given by an NW instructor. The walk took place on an artificial turf pitch with a preferred speed. Two passes were made for each gait, which allowed for an average of 70 complete gait cycles per pass.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe construction of mechatronic sticks has been described in our previous studies \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Signal tests from the inertial, pressure, contact, and distance sensors confirmed sufficient accuracy \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe following parameters were recorded separately for the right/left (RT/LT) lower/upper limb:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. spatiotemporal parameters related to the step cycle (in %): stance phase duration, loading response duration, single support duration, pre-swing duration, swing phase duration, and double stance duration; Step time (in ms), stride time (ms), step length (cm), stride length (cm), velocity (m/s) and step frequency (cadence; in steps/min) were also recorded;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. range of motion (ROM) expressed in angular degrees at the following joints: shoulder (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal-external rotation), elbow (flexion-extension), wrist (flexion-extension, radial-ulnar, supination-pronation), hip (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal-external rotation), knee (flexion-extension), ankle (dorsiflexion-plantarflexion, inversion-eversion, abduction-adduction).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn electrocardiographic (ECG) stress test was performed on a treadmill while monitoring a patient's condition. Blood pressure and HR were measured and recorded at least every 2\u0026ndash;3 minutes. The end of the test occurred after reaching the assumed HR or meeting the cardiac criteria for stopping the test (Table\u0026nbsp;2) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*** TABLE 2 IN HERE ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother measured parameter was exercise tolerance. It was measured using an electrocardiographic Modified Bruce Protocol and a 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The 6MWT was performed over a designated distance of 30 meters. The subject walked back and forth (shuttle walk) for 6 minutes at a pace of their choice, as fast as possible, but without running \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eNW training\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe training protocol was designed according to the current guidelines for patients with IHD \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. It involved endurance training conducted in an interval system, which took place 3 times a week for one hour over 6 weeks. The recording of the tested parameters took place before the start of the NW training (Test 1) and after its completion (Test 2). Throughout the program, each patient underwent 18 one-hour training sessions. Training loads were selected individually for each person based on the result of the ECG exercise test, 6MWT, hemodynamic response to physical effort and subjective feelings of the patient on the simplified Borg scale. The 6-week rehabilitation program was divided into 2 equal stages of 3 weeks each. It was carried out in controlled conditions under the supervision of a physiotherapist (an NW instructor) with a gradually increasing load. The patients were equipped with NW sticks (Campra with a clip, KV+, Switzerland) individually adjusted to the body height of each user.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe variables' normal distribution was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Differences between the results of functional efficiency measurements before and after the intervention were verified with the paired sample t-test or the Wilcoxon test in the absence of normal distribution. Changes in gait parameters between the pre-post tests were analysed using the analysis of variance for repeated measurements. The analysis considered the type of gait and the side of the measurement as possible factors differentiating the examined variables and their changes. The homogeneity of variance was verified by the M-Box test. Tukey's post hoc test was used for multiple comparisons. Friedman's and Dunn Bonferroni's post hoc tests were used in case of violation of ANOVA assumptions. Partial eta squared (η\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e) was used to assess the effect size of the ANOVA results following the recommendations of Richardson \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Cohen's d was calculated for paired observations and standardised for the correlation strength between the measurements \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. For Cohen's d\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.2, the test's estimated power was 0.80. Relationships between changes in gait parameters and changes in the results of fitness tests were assessed with Spearman's ρ. All the analyses were performed using Statistica 13.3.0 (TIBCO Software Inc.). The statistical significance of the results was accepted at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe results of all measurements in tests before and after the 6-week NW training are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;3. A significant increase in the duration of the ECG test and an increase in MET were found. The distance in 6MWT was also significantly increased.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*** TABLE 3 IN HERE ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the case of kinematic parameters (Table\u0026nbsp;4), in the second test, higher values were observed than in the first one for ankle dorsi-/plantarflexion and wrist supination-pronation during free walking for both sides of the measurement, ankle inversion-eversion for the left side of the measurement both with and without both types of sticks, hip flexion-extension and shoulder internal-external rotation regardless of measurement side and poles used, hip abduction-adduction and hip internal-external rotation for the left side only in normal walking, wrist flexion-extension for the left side in free walking and with standard sticks and shoulder flexion-extension for the right side with mechatronic sticks. Elbow flexion-extension in the second measurement compared to the first one was larger in the standard gait and lower in the right limb when walking with sticks. The largest differences between the 1st and 2nd tests concerned the parameters measured for the left side during free walking. The side of measurement was a significant effect determining differences only for ankle inversion\u0026ndash;eversion (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), while the use of sticks or their lack differentiated changes in ankle dorsi-/plantarflexion (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), elbow flexion-extension (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), hip abduction-adduction (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007), hip internal-external rotation (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002), shoulder internal-external rotation (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001), and wrist supination-pronation (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), indicating more significant differences when walking without sticks than with sticks. The types of sticks did not determine the observed changes in angular ranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*** TABLE 4 IN HERE ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in spatiotemporal parameters in the second measurement compared to the first were noted only in the case of walking with regular and mechatronic sticks. Measurement results of kinematic parameters of gait depending on its type in cardiac patients before (Test 1) and after (Test 2) the 6-week NW training (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12) are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;5. Changes in spatiotemporal parameters in the second measurement compared to the first were noted only in the case of walking with regular and mechatronic sticks.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo differences were found during the free walk. The following values have decreased: double stance, load response regardless of the measured side and used sticks, pre-swing for the left side when walking with regular sticks, stance phase when walking with mechatronic sticks only for the right side and standard sticks for both sides. Higher values in the second test than in the first were recorded only for single support LT and swing phase RT, regardless of the type of sticks. The measured side, the use of sticks or their lack and type did not significantly differentiate changes in spatiotemporal parameters in the pre-post tests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*** TABLE 5 IN HERE ***\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll changes in parameters related to biomechanical gait parameters and changes in exercise capacity parameters were independent of the patients' age (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). For most of the observed changes in biomechanical gait parameters, with a few exceptions, no association was found with changes in exercise capacity parameters (Table\u0026nbsp;6). Increasing ECG duration as a result of repeated measurements correlated with a more remarkable change in the left side of the measurements: hip flexion-extension in walking with standard walking sticks and shoulder internal-external rotation with mechatronic walking sticks, and with a smaller change in load response RT with ordinary walking sticks. MET differences were negatively correlated with changes in hip abduction-adduction LT and hip internal-external rotation LT in free walking and positively with changes in shoulder internal-external rotation LT and shoulder flexion-extension RT while walking with mechatronic sticks and with changes in wrist supination-pronation RT when free walking. Changes in 6MWT scores were only correlated with changes in ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion RT during free walking.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e*** TABLE 6 IN HERE ***\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe 6-week NW training significantly increased the exercise capacity of the examined patients with IHD, extending the duration of the ECG exercise test by about 8%, and the distance in 6MWT by about 14%, which resulted in an increase in MET by about 9%. These are lower values of increases in these parameters than those obtained by other authors \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Still, the patients had relatively high baseline values. The average MET value before the start of the NW training qualified them for the group of high efficiency, and the result obtained in 6MWT was within the range for healthy people. Typically, higher initial values ​​of the tested parameters result in lower increases due to physical training. Nevertheless, the tested parameters characterising exercise capacity showed significant increases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 6-week NW training also resulted in a significant increase in kinematic parameters, which are essential for gait efficiency. This concerned primarily the increase in the range of motion in the ankle joint during free walking, which constitutes 60% of the \"driving\" force of walking, and in the hip joint, regardless of the type of gait and in the shoulder joints during walking with mechatronic sticks, which is also a factor in increasing the efficiency and safety of walking. The results of the impact of NW training on the kinematic parameters of gait obtained by us are also confirmed by studies by other authors \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. It should also be emphasised that the use of sticks strongly affected changes in ankle dorsiflexion-plantarflexion (η\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e = 0.22, p \u0026lt; 0.001), which confirms that the NW gait is an essential stimulus for increasing walking efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt was also important to show the relatively most considerable differences between the first and second tests of the parameters measured for the left side in free walking. This could indicate the activation of the left half of the body, which, due to the specificity of the disease, is used less by patients with IHD. One of the symptoms of IHD is pain behind the sternum radiating to the left shoulder, which is aggravated by physical exertion. This causes a reflex, analgesic reaction consisting in less involvement of the left half of the body in various life situations, also when walking, which can lead to a permanent asymmetry. NW training in patients with IHD may prevent these reactions or restore the symmetry of the right and left half of the body during gait.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the case of spatiotemporal parameters, significant changes were demonstrated only during the study of walking with NW poles, which indicates the legitimacy of this type of training. A substantial decrease in the Double Stance value and an increase in the Single support and Swing phase values after a 6-week NW training in patients with IHD confirms the improvement of their walking efficiency. It is consistent with the observations of other authors. However, there was no increase in Stride length and shortening of Cadence, which was observed in similar studies \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe increase in the value of the studied physiological and biomechanical parameters due to a 6-week NW training in patients with IHD seems to be a fairly obvious result. In contrast, the central assumption of these studies was the relationship between changes in these parameters. It was assumed that increased exercise tolerance would be associated with improving gait efficiency measured by kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters. However, this assumption was not confirmed because most changes in exercise capacity parameters resulted from 6-week NW training in patients with IHD. Apart from a few exceptions, no relationship was found with changes in the biomechanical parameters of gait. It follows that the important role in increasing the exercise tolerance of these patients was the gait movement itself, not its quality. Nevertheless, some strong correlations may be the basis for further research and suggest the existence of relationships between the increase in exercise capacity and the change in some angular and spatiotemporal parameters of gait.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the increase in the range of Hip Flexion-Extension when walking with standard walking sticks and Shoulder Internal-External Rotation when walking with mechatronic walking sticks, the duration of the ECG stress test increased. While the relationship between the increase in Hip Flexion-Extension with the duration of the stress test seems quite apparent, the relationship between Shoulder Internal-External Rotation is challenging to explain. This is because gait is performed mainly in the sagittal plane, and movements in the frontal and transverse take place to a small extent. They are not recommended because they increase energy expenditure, shortening the time of the exercise test. However, this does not apply to walking with NW sticks because a positive correlation occurred between the increase in MET and Shoulder Internal-External Rotation. Perhaps, during walking with sticks, movements in the transverse plane in the shoulder joint resulting from the specificity of this type of gait allow for better results of stress tests. However, this would require confirmation in further studies conducted in larger populations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the case of spatiotemporal parameters, the only negative correlation concerned the increase in the duration of the ECG exercise test and the Load Response of the right limb when walking with standard walking sticks, which seems quite obvious.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eLimitations in the conducted study\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analysis of the obtained results did not consider the degree of advancement of the disease and the activity and physical fitness of the examined men, which could have impacted the tested parameters. Long-term observations of the obtained results would also be necessary. Future studies should be conducted in a larger group of patients with IHD, considering the severity of the disease and their activity and physical fitness as independent variables. Similar studies should also be performed in a group of women because sex may also differentiate the gait technique of patients with IHD.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the present study demonstrates that NW is a useful therapeutic intervention for improving the exercise capacity and gait technique of men with IHD. The results indicate that NW training significantly impacted exercise capacity, leading to an improvement in gait technique among patients with IHD. However, the findings suggest no substantial relationship between the changes in exercise capacity and alterations in gait mechanics parameters in most patients, although a few exceptions were observed. Therefore, it appears that the primary focus of NW training in increasing exercise capacity in patients with IHD is to improve the overall movement patterns during NW gait rather than solely enhancing gait mechanics quality. These results offer valuable insights for clinicians seeking to optimise rehabilitation programs for patients with IHD by integrating NW as an effective intervention for enhancing exercise capacity and gait technique.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to acknowledge the following individuals and organisations for their contributions to this article: MSc Sebastian Jaroszczuk, who provided technical assistance with the data analysis; the National Science Centre (Poland), for providing financial support for the research project [grant number 2016/23/B/NZ7/03310]; and the study participants, who volunteered their time and effort to make this study possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor contributions (names must be given as initials)\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAS, SWi, RJ, AL, DK, KL, JB, SWu and BP designed the study. JB and SWu collected the data. MK performed the statistical analysis. AS, SW, RJ, AL, DK, KL, MW and BP prepared the manuscript. MW collected the funds. All authors reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests Statement\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData availability statement\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe individual datasets are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePellegrini, B. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Exploring Muscle Activation during Nordic Walking: A Comparison between Conventional and Uphill Walking. PLoS One 10, e0138906 (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePellegrini, B. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Mechanical energy patterns in nordic walking: comparisons with conventional walking. Gait Posture 51, 234\u0026ndash;238 (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePellegrini, B. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Muscular and metabolic responses to different Nordic walking techniques, when style matters. PLoS One 13, e0195438 (2018).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRoy, M. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Nordic walking influence on biomechanical parameters: a systematic review. Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 56, 607\u0026ndash;615 (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKnobloch, K. \u0026amp; Vogt, P. Nordic Walking Verletzungen - Der Nordic-Walking-Daumen als neue Verletzungsentit\u0026auml;t. Sport. \u0026middot; Sport. 20, 137\u0026ndash;142 (2006).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePorcari, J. P., Hendrickson, T. L., Walter, P. R., Terry, L. \u0026amp; Walsko, G. The Physiological Responses to Walking with and without Power Poles\u0026trade; on Treadmill Exercise. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 68, 161\u0026ndash;166 (1997).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFigard-Fabre, H., Fabre, N., Leonardi, A. \u0026amp; Schena, F. Physiological and perceptual responses to Nordic walking in obese middle-aged women in comparison with the normal walk. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 108, 1141\u0026ndash;1151 (2010).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGrainer, A. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Physiological and perceptual responses to nordic walking in a natural mountain environment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14, (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCugusi, L. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Nordic walking for individuals with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 24, 1938\u0026ndash;1955 (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePiotrowicz, E. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Home-based telemonitored Nordic walking training is well accepted, safe, effective and has high adherence among heart failure patients, including those with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: a randomised controlled study. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 22, 1368\u0026ndash;1377 (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRybicki, J. R. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Oxygen uptake during Nordic walking training in patients rehabilitated after coronary events. Kardiol. Pol. 73, 17\u0026ndash;23 (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVeh\u0026iacute;, C. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Nordic walking for cardiovascular prevention in patients with ischaemic heart disease or metabolic syndrome. Med. Cl\u0026iacute;nica (English Ed. 147, 537\u0026ndash;539 (2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGirold, S., Rousseau, J., Le Gal, M., Coudeyre, E. \u0026amp; Le Henaff, J. Nordic walking versus walking without poles for rehabilitation with cardiovascular disease: Randomised controlled trial. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med. 60, 223\u0026ndash;229 (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLejczak, A. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Nordic Walking May Safely Increase the Intensity of Exercise Training in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 25, 145\u0026ndash;149 (2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBulińska, K. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Nordic pole walking improves walking capacity in patients with intermittent claudication: A randomised controlled trial. Disabil. Rehabil. 38, 1318\u0026ndash;1324 (2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDziubek, W. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Effects of Physical Rehabilitation on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters and Ground Reaction Forces of Patients with Intermittent Claudication. J. Clin. Med. 9, 2826 (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePietraszewski, B., Woźniewski, M., Jasiński, R., Struzik, A. \u0026amp; Szuba, A. Changes in Gait Variables in Patients with Intermittent Claudication. \u003cem\u003eBiomed Res. Int.\u003c/em\u003e 2019, 1\u0026ndash;9 (2019).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePanizzolo, F. A. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Gait analysis in chronic heart failure: The calf as a locus of impaired walking capacity. J. Biomech. 47, 3719\u0026ndash;3725 (2014).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePanizzolo, F. A. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Is the soleus a sentinel muscle for impaired aerobic capacity in heart failure? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 47, 498\u0026ndash;508 (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOzcan, E. B. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Impaired Balance and Gait Characteristics in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Hear. Lung Circ. 31, 832\u0026ndash;840 (2022).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSzpala, A. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Do Mechatronic Poles Change the Gait Technique of Nordic Walking in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease? \u003cem\u003eAppl. Bionics Biomech.\u003c/em\u003e 2023, 1\u0026ndash;10 (2023).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSzpala, A. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Selected Spatiotemporal and Joint Angle Parameters in Normal Gait and Nordic Walking with Classical and Mechatronic Poles in Aspects of Sex Differences. \u003cem\u003eBiomed Res. Int.\u003c/em\u003e 2022, 1\u0026ndash;9 (2022).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSzrek, J. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Force Measurement Module for Mechatronic Nordic Walking Poles. in \u003cem\u003eProceedings of the 14th International Scientific Conference: Computer Aided Engineering. CAE 2018. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering.\u003c/em\u003e (eds. Rusiński, E. \u0026amp; Pietrusiak, D.) 790\u0026ndash;794 (Springer, 2019). doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/978-3-030-04975-1_91\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/978-3-030-04975-1_91\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSzpala, A. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e No Influence of Mechatronic Poles on the Movement Pattern of Professional Nordic Walkers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 20, 163 (2023).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWudarczyk, S. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Research on the mechatronic gait monitoring system with nordic walking poles. in \u003cem\u003eModern trends in theory of machines and mechatronic systems\u003c/em\u003e (eds. Bałchanowski, J., Gronowicz, A. \u0026amp; Szrek, J.) 9 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020). doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1109/MSM49833.2020.9202171\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1109/MSM49833.2020.9202171\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKaminsky, L. A. \u0026amp; Whaley, M. H. Evaluation of a New Standardized Ramp Protocol: The BSU/Bruce Ramp Protocol. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 18, 438\u0026ndash;444 (1998).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHamilton, D. M. \u0026amp; Haennel, R. G. Validity and Reliability of the 6-Minute Walk Test in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Population. J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 20, 156\u0026ndash;164 (2000).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUszko-Lencer, N. H. M. K. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Reliability, construct validity and determinants of 6-minute walk test performance in patients with chronic heart failure. Int. J. Cardiol. 240, 285\u0026ndash;290 (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSharma, R. \u0026amp; Anker, S. D. The 6-minute walk test and prognosis in chronic heart failure - The available evidence. Eur. Heart J. 22, 445\u0026ndash;448 (2001).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFletcher, G. F. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e Exercise standards for testing and training: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 104, 1694\u0026ndash;1740 (2001).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRichardson, J. T. E. Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educ. Res. Rev. 6, 135\u0026ndash;147 (2011).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCohen, J. \u003cem\u003eStatistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences\u003c/em\u003e. Statistical Power Anaylsis for the Behavioral Sciences (1988).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eCharacteristics of the study group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"506\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCase\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBody height (m)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBody weight (kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisease Duration (years)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePTCA / CABG\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-/+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e+/+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-/-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.990138067061144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.2\u0026plusmn;5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.738\u0026plusmn;.067\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.3\u0026plusmn;10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.159763313609467%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026plusmn;7.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.54043392504931%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal: 9/3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegend\u003c/strong\u003e: SD \u0026ndash; standard deviation, PTCA \u0026ndash; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, CABG \u0026ndash; coronary artery bypass grafting\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eA protocol according to Bruce\u0026apos;s modification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"508\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.42687747035573%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDegree\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.57707509881423%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhase time (min)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpeed\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;(km/h)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreadmill \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;incline (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMET\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.42687747035573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.57707509881423%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.42687747035573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.57707509881423%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.42687747035573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.57707509881423%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.42687747035573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.57707509881423%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.42687747035573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.57707509881423%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.42687747035573%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.57707509881423%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.33201581027668%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegend\u003c/strong\u003e: MET \u0026ndash; metabolic equivalent of task\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.3.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eResults of the ECG test and the 6MWT distance of cardiac patients before (Test 1) and after the 6-week NW training (Test 2) (n=12).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"533\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.515947467166978%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParameters\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.51219512195122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest 1\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;M\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.823639774859288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest 2\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;M\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.765478424015008%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(t-test/\u003cem\u003eWilcoxon test\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.382739212007504%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCohen\u0026apos;s d\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.515947467166978%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime, (s)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.51219512195122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e886.92 \u0026plusmn; 108.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.823639774859288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e960.17 \u0026plusmn; 99.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.765478424015008%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.382739212007504%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.515947467166978%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMET\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.51219512195122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.57 \u0026plusmn; 2.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.823639774859288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.63 \u0026plusmn; 2.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.765478424015008%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.382739212007504%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.515947467166978%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6MWT, (m)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.51219512195122%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e499.25 \u0026plusmn; 52.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.823639774859288%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e570.25 \u0026plusmn; 53.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.765478424015008%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.382739212007504%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegend\u003c/strong\u003e: MET \u0026ndash; metabolic equivalent of task; 6MWT \u0026ndash; a 6-minute walk test; M- mean; SD - standard deviation; Italics indicate the results of non-parametric tests;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.4.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMeasurement results of kinematic parameters of gait depending on its type in cardiac patients before (Test 1) and after (Test 2) the 6-week NW training (n=12).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"686\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eROM (deg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of Gait\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest 1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(ANOVA /\u003cem\u003eFriedman test\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(post-hoc test)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCohen\u0026apos;s d\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkle Abduction \u0026ndash; Adduction LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.86 \u0026plusmn; 4.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.69 \u0026plusmn; 6.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.1 \u0026plusmn; 9.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8 \u0026plusmn; 4.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.92 \u0026plusmn; 10.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.45 \u0026plusmn; 5.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.267\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkle Abduction \u0026ndash; Adduction RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.89 \u0026plusmn; 7.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.98 \u0026plusmn; 10.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.95 \u0026plusmn; 10.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.9 \u0026plusmn; 8.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.36 \u0026plusmn; 13.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.44 \u0026plusmn; 8.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkle Dorsiflexion \u0026ndash; Plantarflexion \u0026nbsp;LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.2 \u0026plusmn; 9.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.14 \u0026plusmn; 11.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.68 \u0026plusmn; 14.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.79 \u0026plusmn; 14.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.58 \u0026plusmn; 15.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.22 \u0026plusmn; 13.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkle Dorsiflexion \u0026ndash; Plantarflexion RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.87 \u0026plusmn; 7.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.86 \u0026plusmn; 8.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.81 \u0026plusmn; 13.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.73 \u0026plusmn; 15.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.45 \u0026plusmn; 11.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.45 \u0026plusmn; 13.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkle Inversion \u0026ndash; Eversion LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.16 \u0026plusmn; 4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.72 \u0026plusmn; 4.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.28 \u0026plusmn; 5.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.76 \u0026plusmn; 4.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.97 \u0026plusmn; 6.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.21 \u0026plusmn; 3.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnkle Inversion- Eversion \u0026nbsp;RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.65 \u0026plusmn; 4.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.88 \u0026plusmn; 6.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.74 \u0026plusmn; 7.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.84 \u0026plusmn; 7.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.7 \u0026plusmn; 6.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.9 \u0026plusmn; 6.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElbow Flexion \u0026ndash; Extension LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.97 \u0026plusmn; 11.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.91 \u0026plusmn; 14.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.028\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.7 \u0026plusmn; 21.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.38 \u0026plusmn; 14.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.91 \u0026plusmn; 21.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.01 \u0026plusmn; 18.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElbow Flexion- Extension \u0026nbsp;RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.26 \u0026plusmn; 11.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.46 \u0026plusmn; 10.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.041\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.53 \u0026plusmn; 23.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.48 \u0026plusmn; 7.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.87 \u0026plusmn; 20.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.38 \u0026plusmn; 10.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHip Abduction \u0026ndash; Adduction LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7 \u0026plusmn; 4.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.55 \u0026plusmn; 4.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.1 \u0026plusmn; 3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.32 \u0026plusmn; 6.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.13 \u0026plusmn; 7.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.49 \u0026plusmn; 6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHip Abduction - Aduction RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.43 \u0026plusmn; 3.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.66 \u0026plusmn; 4.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.84 \u0026plusmn; 5.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.9 \u0026plusmn; 3.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.04 \u0026plusmn; 6.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.91 \u0026plusmn; 3.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHip Flexion \u0026ndash; Extension LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.56 \u0026plusmn; 6.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.53 \u0026plusmn; 8.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.19 \u0026plusmn; 8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.05 \u0026plusmn; 8.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.63 \u0026plusmn; 10.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.97 \u0026plusmn; 9.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHip Flexion - Extension RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.04 \u0026plusmn; 9.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.39 \u0026plusmn; 12.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.61 \u0026plusmn; 8.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.13 \u0026plusmn; 12.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.17 \u0026plusmn; 9.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.95 \u0026plusmn; 12.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHip Internal \u0026ndash; External Rotation LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.82 \u0026plusmn; 5.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.63 \u0026plusmn; 9.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.37 \u0026plusmn; 8.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.5 \u0026plusmn; 8.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.88 \u0026plusmn; 7.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.09 \u0026plusmn; 8.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHip Internal \u0026ndash; External Rotation RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.42 \u0026plusmn; 5.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.52 \u0026plusmn; 7.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.52 \u0026plusmn; 6.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.01 \u0026plusmn; 7.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.31 \u0026plusmn; 7.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.4 \u0026plusmn; 8.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee Flexion \u0026ndash; Extension LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.8 \u0026plusmn; 4.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.69 \u0026plusmn; 7.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.16 \u0026plusmn; 6.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.96 \u0026plusmn; 6.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.72 \u0026plusmn; 7.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.08 \u0026plusmn; 6.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee Flexion \u0026ndash; Extension RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.98 \u0026plusmn; 7.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.79 \u0026plusmn; 5.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.42 \u0026plusmn; 6.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.54 \u0026plusmn; 7.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.17 \u0026plusmn; 6.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.56 \u0026plusmn; 8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder Abduction \u0026ndash; Adduction \u0026nbsp;LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.08 \u0026plusmn; 7.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.61 \u0026plusmn; 5.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.35 \u0026plusmn; 9.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.22 \u0026plusmn; 7.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.77 \u0026plusmn; 8.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.19 \u0026plusmn; 4.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.524\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder Abduction \u0026ndash; Adduction \u0026nbsp;RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.24 \u0026plusmn; 3.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.65 \u0026plusmn; 3.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.74 \u0026plusmn; 4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.78 \u0026plusmn; 21.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.76 \u0026plusmn; 4.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.59 \u0026plusmn; 15.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder Internal \u0026ndash; External Rotation LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.47 \u0026plusmn; 6.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.37 \u0026plusmn; 16.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.83 \u0026plusmn; 24.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.04 \u0026plusmn; 24.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.11 \u0026plusmn; 24.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.35 \u0026plusmn; 14.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder Internal \u0026ndash; External Rotation RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.53 \u0026plusmn; 9.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83.6 \u0026plusmn; 20.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.16 \u0026plusmn; 17.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.14 \u0026plusmn; 19.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.93 \u0026plusmn; 16.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.64 \u0026plusmn; 13.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder Flexion \u0026ndash; Extension LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.28 \u0026plusmn; 8.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.99 \u0026plusmn; 7.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.29 \u0026plusmn; 6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.35 \u0026plusmn; 8.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.35 \u0026plusmn; 5.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.25 \u0026plusmn; 9.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.006\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder Flexion - Extension RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.66 \u0026plusmn; 6.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.09 \u0026plusmn; 7.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.01 \u0026plusmn; 7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.49 \u0026plusmn; 15.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.11 \u0026plusmn; 7.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.65 \u0026plusmn; 13.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.041\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWrist Flexion - Extension LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.39 \u0026plusmn; 5.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.61 \u0026plusmn; 12.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.028\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.19 \u0026plusmn; 6.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.13 \u0026plusmn; 7.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.026\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.99 \u0026plusmn; 6.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.8 \u0026plusmn; 6.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.017\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWrist Flexion - Extension RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.74 \u0026plusmn; 3.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.03 \u0026plusmn; 5.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.28 \u0026plusmn; 5.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.21 \u0026plusmn; 8.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.86 \u0026plusmn; 4.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.82 \u0026plusmn; 4.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWrist Radial \u0026ndash; Ulnar LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.79 \u0026plusmn; 3.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.25 \u0026plusmn; 6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.52 \u0026plusmn; 8.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.89 \u0026plusmn; 9.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.53 \u0026plusmn; 13.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.8 \u0026plusmn; 12.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.149\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWrist Radial \u0026ndash; Ulnar RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.05 \u0026plusmn; 4.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.73 \u0026plusmn; 8.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.03 \u0026plusmn; 9.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.31 \u0026plusmn; 8.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.1 \u0026plusmn; 13.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.23 \u0026plusmn; 4.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWrist Supination \u0026ndash; Pronation LT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.56 \u0026plusmn; 7.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.84 \u0026plusmn; 15.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.002\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.05 \u0026plusmn; 38.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.02 \u0026plusmn; 10.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.8 \u0026plusmn; 44.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.93 \u0026plusmn; 9.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.970802919708028%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWrist Supination - Pronation RT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.532846715328468%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.722627737226277%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.49 \u0026plusmn; 5.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.86861313868613%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.85 \u0026plusmn; 18.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.002\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.635036496350365%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.06 \u0026plusmn; 40.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.49 \u0026plusmn; 11.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.952789699570815%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.17167381974249%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.05 \u0026plusmn; 43.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.386266094420602%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.4 \u0026plusmn; 7.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.163090128755364%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegend\u003c/strong\u003e: Italics indicate the results of non-parametric tests; ROM - range of motion; M\u0026ndash; Mean; SD - standard deviation; LT, RT \u0026ndash; left and right sides, respectively; h\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026ndash; partial eta squared for the effect of the repeated measurement (ANOVA); ns - no statistical significance at p \u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.5.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eMeasurement results of spatiotemporal gait parameters depending on its type in cardiac patients before (Test 1) and after (Test 2) the 6-week NW training (n=12).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"679\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of Gait\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest 1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTest 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eM\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(ANOVA \u003cem\u003e/Friedman test\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(post-hoc test)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCohen\u0026apos;s d\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCadence, step/min\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114.39 \u0026plusmn; 4.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114.07 \u0026plusmn; 6.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110.84 \u0026plusmn; 8.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111.75 \u0026plusmn; 6.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108.6 \u0026plusmn; 7.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110.31 \u0026plusmn; 5.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDouble stance, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.61 \u0026plusmn; 2.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.92 \u0026plusmn; 3.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.83 \u0026plusmn; 2.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.67 \u0026plusmn; 2.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.07 \u0026plusmn; 2.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.84 \u0026plusmn; 2.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoad response LT, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.93 \u0026plusmn; 1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.54 \u0026plusmn; 1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.55 \u0026plusmn; 1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.48 \u0026plusmn; 1.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.45 \u0026plusmn; 1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.31 \u0026plusmn; 1.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoad response RT, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.66 \u0026plusmn; 1.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.35 \u0026plusmn; 1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.18 \u0026plusmn; 1.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.08 \u0026plusmn; 1.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.59 \u0026plusmn; 1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.46 \u0026plusmn; 1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre-swing LT, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.69 \u0026plusmn; 1.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.22 \u0026plusmn; 1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.7 \u0026plusmn; 1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.24 \u0026plusmn; 1.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.002\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.61 \u0026plusmn; 1.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.48 \u0026plusmn; 1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre-swing RT, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.94 \u0026plusmn; 1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.72 \u0026plusmn; 1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.21 \u0026plusmn; 1.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.55 \u0026plusmn; 1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.48 \u0026plusmn; 1.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.45 \u0026plusmn; 1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle support LT , %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.57 \u0026plusmn; 1.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.11 \u0026plusmn; 1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.13 \u0026plusmn; 2.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.04 \u0026plusmn; 1.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.034\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.59 \u0026plusmn; 1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.18 \u0026plusmn; 1.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.005\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.019\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle support RT , %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.85 \u0026plusmn; 1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.82 \u0026plusmn; 2.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.62 \u0026plusmn; 1.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.02 \u0026plusmn; 1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.34 \u0026plusmn; 1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.88 \u0026plusmn; 1.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStance phase LT, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.21 \u0026plusmn; 1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.92 \u0026plusmn; 1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.43 \u0026plusmn; 1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.76 \u0026plusmn; 1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.023\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.67 \u0026plusmn; 1.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 \u0026plusmn; 1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStance phase RT, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.46 \u0026plusmn; 1.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.89 \u0026plusmn; 1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.03 \u0026plusmn; 1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.66 \u0026plusmn; 1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.041\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.43 \u0026plusmn; 1.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.8 \u0026plusmn; 1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.019\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStep length LT, cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.1 \u0026plusmn; 7.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.63 \u0026plusmn; 8.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.69 \u0026plusmn; 8.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.36 \u0026plusmn; 27.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.89 \u0026plusmn; 9.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.13 \u0026plusmn; 25.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.818\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStep length RT, cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.02 \u0026plusmn; 10.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.81 \u0026plusmn; 9.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82.32 \u0026plusmn; 8.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.59 \u0026plusmn; 26.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79 \u0026plusmn; 8.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.51 \u0026plusmn; 29.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStep time LT, ms\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e531.1 \u0026plusmn; 25.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e530.5 \u0026plusmn; 33.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e557.1 \u0026plusmn; 44.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e544.2 \u0026plusmn; 35.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e566.7 \u0026plusmn; 47.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e549.8 \u0026plusmn; 27.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.418\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStep time RT, ms\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e520.1 \u0026plusmn; 23.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e526.1 \u0026plusmn; 35.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e535.9 \u0026plusmn; 40.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e534.9 \u0026plusmn; 31.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e544.5 \u0026plusmn; 34.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e541.67 \u0026plusmn; 28.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStride length, cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172.3 \u0026plusmn; 49.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e187.26 \u0026plusmn; 57.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185.9 \u0026plusmn; 56.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172.9 \u0026plusmn; 64.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.883\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170.3 \u0026plusmn; 42.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.7 \u0026plusmn; 56.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStride time, ms\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1051.2 \u0026plusmn; 41.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1056.6 \u0026plusmn; 66.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1093.0 \u0026plusmn; 82.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1079.1 \u0026plusmn; 64.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.555\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1111.2 \u0026plusmn; 80.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1091.4 \u0026plusmn; 53.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSwing phase LT, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.79 \u0026plusmn; 1.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.08 \u0026plusmn; 1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.57 \u0026plusmn; 1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.24 \u0026plusmn; 1.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.33 \u0026plusmn; 1.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42 \u0026plusmn; 1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSwing phase RT, %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.54 \u0026plusmn; 1.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.11 \u0026plusmn; 1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.97 \u0026plusmn; 1.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.34 \u0026plusmn; 1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.57 \u0026plusmn; 1.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.2 \u0026plusmn; 1.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.470588235294116%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVelocity, m/s\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.205882352941176%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.823529411764707%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65 \u0026plusmn; 0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.970588235294118%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8 \u0026plusmn; 0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.176470588235293%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.74 \u0026plusmn; 0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.63 \u0026plusmn; 0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.943\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.6%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.8%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.56 \u0026plusmn; 0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.51 \u0026plusmn; 0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.2%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegend\u003c/strong\u003e: Italics indicate the results of non-parametric tests; M\u0026ndash; Mean; SD - standard deviation; LT, RT \u0026ndash; left and right sides, respectively; h\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026ndash; partial eta squared for the effect of the repeated measurement (ANOVA); ns - no statistical significance at p \u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.6.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eCorrelation coefficients \u0026rho; - Spearman between changes in \u0026quot;functional fitness\u0026quot; parameters and changes in gait parameters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"649\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParameters\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of Gait\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026Delta;Time\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026Delta;MET\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026Delta;6MWT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Ankle Dorsiflexion - Plantarflexion LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.574\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Ankle Dorsiflexion \u0026ndash; Plantarflexion RT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.193\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.580\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Ankle Inversion \u0026ndash; Eversion LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.505\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.407\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.287\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Elbow Flexion - Extension LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.392\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.445\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.265\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.287\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Elbow Flexion \u0026ndash; Extension RT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.309\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.308\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Hip Abduction - Adduction LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.588\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Hip Flexion \u0026ndash; Extension LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.532\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.623\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.557\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Hip Flexion \u0026ndash; Extension RT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.238\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.291\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.238\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.308\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.522\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.236\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Hip Internal \u0026ndash; External Rotation LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.687\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.399\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Shoulder Internal \u0026ndash; External Rotation LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.238\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.560\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.469\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.809\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.618\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Shoulder Internal - External Rotation RT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.305\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.504\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.469\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.427\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.276\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.084\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Shoulder Flexion - Extension RT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.508\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.846\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.399\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Wrist Flexion - Extension LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.413\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.461\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.196\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Wrist Supination - Pronation LT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Wrist Supination - Pronation RT, (deg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFree walk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.588\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Double stance, (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.392\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Load response LT, (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.276\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Load response RT, (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-0.595\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.406\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Pre-swing LT, (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.305\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.309\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.238\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Single support LT , (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.060\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.363\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Stance phase LT, (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.284\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Stance phase RT, (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"42.526964560862865%\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;Swing phase RT, (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.710323574730355%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandard\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.178736517719567%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.791987673343606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.37533512064343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMechatron\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"28.15013404825737%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.737265415549597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLegend\u003c/strong\u003e: \u0026Delta; \u0026ndash; the difference in parameter values between test 1 and test 2; LT, RT \u0026ndash; left and right sides, respectively; MET \u0026ndash; metabolic equivalent; 6MWT \u0026ndash; a 6-minute walk test; significant correlations are marked \u003cstrong\u003ein bold\u003c/strong\u003e at p\u0026lt;0.05\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"gait analysis, heart diseases, Nordic Walking, training, symmetry, MEMS (mechatronic sensors)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062091/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062091/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe research explores the impact of a 6-week Nordic Walking (NW) program on physiological and biomechanical aspects in ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwelve male IHD patients (66.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.2 years, 12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.5 years of disease duration) were evaluated pre- and post-training for (i) gait parameters, (ii) exercise tolerance using electrocardiographic (ECG) stress test, (iii) a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The NW training, adhering to IHD patient guidelines, involved a 100-meter walk at a self-selected, preferred speed without sticks, with classic NW sticks and mechatronic sticks.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost-training, significant enhancements were observed in ECG stress test duration, metabolic equivalency, and 6MWT distance, irrespective of the stick type. However, no significant changes were noted in spatiotemporal parameters concerning the measured side, stick utilisation, or type.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results suggest that NW training boosts exercise capacity and refines gait mechanics in male IHD patients. However, the improvement in exercise capacity was not linked to changes in gait mechanics from NW training but rather to the movement during NW gait. Hence, the key to enhancing exercise capacity in IHD patients is the movement during NW gait, not the quality of gait mechanics.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Walking Toward Better Health: The Influence of Nordic Walking Training on Gait and Exercise Tolerance in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-06-27 20:39:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3062091/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2023-12-15T06:08:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2023-12-14T15:25:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"4a7dc565-b875-4229-b20f-c64dbca22d10","date":"2023-12-04T13:32:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"e2361b64-d5af-4700-b6e5-3055f3eeadcc","date":"2023-10-10T08:08:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2023-08-20T09:33:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"c859e13b-a86b-4ade-92ff-62d77920d20e","date":"2023-08-12T03:06:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"6a94b927-be63-48ce-8271-01a1e234cb34","date":"2023-08-06T15:41:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2023-07-03T16:39:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2023-07-03T16:34:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2023-06-21T10:59:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2023-06-21T10:52:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2023-06-14T09:27:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c79df333-7ab8-465a-90f8-7b4f7b205df8","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 27th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":22596666,"name":"Health sciences/Cardiology"},{"id":22596667,"name":"Health sciences/Health care"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-05-14T03:53:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-06-27 20:39:34","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3062091","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3062091","identity":"rs-3062091","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"rHA-KDH7Qsr4HCuvH75dn","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}