Two-stage dual-level dispatch optimization model of multi-virtual power plants based on Stackelberg game 

Two-stage dual-level dispatch optimization model of multi-virtual power plants based on Stackelberg game | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Two-stage dual-level dispatch optimization model of multi-virtual power plants based on Stackelberg game jincheng Tang, Xiaolan Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5401210/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With the continuous increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) and the rapid development of demand response (DR) technology, the power grid faces unprecedented challenges. Two-stage dual-level dispatch optimization model of multi-virtual power plants based on Stackelberg game is proposed in this paper. In the day-ahead stage, a two-layer optimization scheduling model is established, where the EV layer optimizes for maximum comprehensive user satisfaction, and the VPP layer optimizes for minimal operating costs and interaction power, determining the scheduling arrangements for each distributed energy resource. In the intraday stage, a Stackelberg game model is constructed with the distribution network operators(DNO) as the leader, aiming to maximize proffts, and the VPP as the follower, aiming to minimize its own operational costs, with both parties engaging in a game based on electricity prices and energy consumption strategies. In the simulation case study, the effectiveness of the constructed model is veriffed, and the results show that the model can effectively reduce user costs and achieve full consumption of new energy. Virtual Power Plant Electric Vehicles Double layer Stackelberg Game Two- stage scheduling Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5401210","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":375218346,"identity":"94a06cf5-236a-4182-9ab5-ddc07960430b","order_by":0,"name":"jincheng Tang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yunnan Minzu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"jincheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Tang","suffix":""},{"id":375218347,"identity":"9b094ab9-693c-49ec-828c-6e4e2c8ab1f9","order_by":1,"name":"Xiaolan Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYGhgMMDBYMDOwNYAHGBkJa2CBaJBgYeA4QqwVCAbVIJBCrhZ3H8MCPCgl5c8k3ppt5GGxkNxxgfvYAv8PYEg72nJEw3Dk7x+w2D0Oa8YYDbOYG+LUwHzjA2ybBuOE2WMvhxA0HeNgk8GthbDj4t03CfsPNMyAt/4nRwnzgMNCWxA03eEBaDhCjhS3hsMwZieQNZ9LKbs4xSDaeeZjNDK8Wfv4zxh/fVNjYbjh+eNuNNxV2sn3Hm5/h1YIEOIDhBAoqZiLVAwH7A+LVjoJRMApGwYgCAH90RgL/s6q3AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Yunnan Minzu University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaolan","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-06 09:08:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5401210/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5401210/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":70279396,"identity":"8f6f0f66-58cb-43e4-8e3d-027de71ed7d7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-01 13:46:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1231600,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscriptfile.jcT.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5401210/v1_covered_7a2241ed-e11a-40bb-b55b-7d2c6b0b8947.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Two-stage dual-level dispatch optimization model of multi-virtual power plants based on Stackelberg game ","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Virtual Power Plant, Electric Vehicles, Double layer, Stackelberg Game, Two- stage scheduling","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5401210/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5401210/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"With the continuous increase in the number of electric vehicles (EVs) and the rapid development of demand response (DR) technology, the power grid faces unprecedented challenges. 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