Macroeconomic Drivers of Food Security in Türkiye: An Augmented ARDL Analysis

preprint OA: closed
Full text JSON View at publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this study, the effects of carbon emissions, GDP, inflation and capital formation on food production in Türkiye in the period 1987–2023 were examined. The starting point of the research is the necessity of ensuring Türkiye's food security under its strategic geopolitical location, its vulnerability to regional conflicts and environmental-economic pressures. In the research, the stationarity of the series was examined with unit root tests (ADF, PP and RALS-ADF), the long-term relationship was estimated with the Augmented ARDL approach and robustness checks were made with FMOLS, DOLS and CCR methods. The results show that carbon emissions and capital formation have a statistically significant negative effect on food production, while GDP makes a positive contribution to food production. In addition, inflation limits food production through cost-push pressures. The findings demonstrate that strategies to combat climate change and increase investment efficiency should be integrated into food security policies, especially for Türkiye, a major food producer in a conflict-prone region. JEL Classification: F43, F63, Q18
Full text 14,124 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Macroeconomic Drivers of Food Security in Türkiye: An Augmented ARDL Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Macroeconomic Drivers of Food Security in Türkiye: An Augmented ARDL Analysis Ahmet Kadiroğlu, Hafsa Kadiroğlu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8093516/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this study, the effects of carbon emissions, GDP, inflation and capital formation on food production in Türkiye in the period 1987–2023 were examined. The starting point of the research is the necessity of ensuring Türkiye's food security under its strategic geopolitical location, its vulnerability to regional conflicts and environmental-economic pressures. In the research, the stationarity of the series was examined with unit root tests (ADF, PP and RALS-ADF), the long-term relationship was estimated with the Augmented ARDL approach and robustness checks were made with FMOLS, DOLS and CCR methods. The results show that carbon emissions and capital formation have a statistically significant negative effect on food production, while GDP makes a positive contribution to food production. In addition, inflation limits food production through cost-push pressures. The findings demonstrate that strategies to combat climate change and increase investment efficiency should be integrated into food security policies, especially for Türkiye, a major food producer in a conflict-prone region. JEL Classification: F43, F63, Q18 Business and commerce/Economics Social science/Economics Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences Food Security Carbon Emission Economic Growth Capital Formation Türkiye Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8093516","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":551415119,"identity":"7f3f316c-bc1d-4ae9-8e85-f26c3634b4b1","order_by":0,"name":"Ahmet Kadiroğlu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABB0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACHgYGiQQgzcfAfIwBwgCKEKWFjYEtjQHCAGsxwK+FAaySx4yBgRgt/D2HH954uMfGrk0i59uDhztq5dgYmA/e5mH4k49Li8TZNmOLhGdpyW0SudsNEs8cNwa6MNmah8HAsgGXnvMMZhIJBw4ns0nkbpNIbDuW2AZ0oTRQC06XyZ9n/wbVkvMMqoX/G14tBmd7wLbYAbWwAbXUgGxhw6vF8MyZYouEA2kJbDzPzA0S2w4YszGzGVvOMTDGqUXuTPrGmz8O2Njzsyc/e/izrU6On7354Y03FXJ4IgYCEhsg9GEGBmawgwlpYGCwh9J1hJWOglEwCkbBiAMAVxJOBlf0RwUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Bingöl University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ahmet","middleName":"","lastName":"Kadiroğlu","suffix":""},{"id":551415120,"identity":"2848c5ca-8f5f-46a4-ae3f-919a13872497","order_by":1,"name":"Hafsa Kadiroğlu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Atatürk University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hafsa","middleName":"","lastName":"Kadiroğlu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-12 07:53:37","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8093516/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8093516/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":96937525,"identity":"27999147-9f5a-4d9a-866c-04d30030f8f3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 16:58:02","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":94643,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/4affcf101b9db07a80e57b45.docx"},{"id":97135822,"identity":"cfbfe2c5-82b4-4544-80b5-885c583f3ba5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-01 09:53:53","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4067,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"16418eae689d4156b32e8dd19b48f531.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/ddae96d5fa7bd23f422fcff3.json"},{"id":96937524,"identity":"adadff47-40a3-443e-8f05-a3d033c1c39d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 16:58:02","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":202941,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"16418eae689d4156b32e8dd19b48f5311enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/e62e75215183640c5379e545.xml"},{"id":96937520,"identity":"ba70b9cd-847b-4a52-a9c0-bc31f5182457","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 16:58:01","extension":"emf","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":41512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/32463242364b39659f959a8d.emf"},{"id":96937518,"identity":"14f93d29-e7e0-46c4-ba4c-198b0efbc3c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 16:58:01","extension":"emf","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":23832,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/a4272c17d618828683266594.emf"},{"id":96937517,"identity":"aa81ce83-bc48-4696-9fbd-936497388348","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 16:58:01","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13331,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/810631d674fb478063f7e033.png"},{"id":96937519,"identity":"95624737-3df2-4688-8395-b3b6487d7659","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 16:58:01","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14743,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/448df80ea419a864c8348697.png"},{"id":96937521,"identity":"7fbe1d39-4caf-444e-ae18-76bb20ca5b7d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 16:58:02","extension":"xml","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":202179,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"16418eae689d4156b32e8dd19b48f5311structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/c1e183fd9950698858fa429c.xml"},{"id":96937526,"identity":"976b73dc-0e4d-4ba1-b988-a79be205f899","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-27 16:58:02","extension":"html","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":208316,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1/ca5c2a4d6d5097fb27c690c4.html"},{"id":102549349,"identity":"da231815-6010-4541-b6e8-652c749a9ff8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-12 22:24:22","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":540597,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8093516/v1_covered_3707ae89-4656-4bb6-a7b9-26ec383753a4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Macroeconomic Drivers of Food Security in Türkiye: An Augmented ARDL Analysis","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Food Security, Carbon Emission, Economic Growth, Capital Formation, Türkiye","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8093516/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8093516/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the effects of carbon emissions, GDP, inflation and capital formation on food production in Türkiye in the period 1987–2023 were examined. The starting point of the research is the necessity of ensuring Türkiye's food security under its strategic geopolitical location, its vulnerability to regional conflicts and environmental-economic pressures. In the research, the stationarity of the series was examined with unit root tests (ADF, PP and RALS-ADF), the long-term relationship was estimated with the Augmented ARDL approach and robustness checks were made with FMOLS, DOLS and CCR methods. The results show that carbon emissions and capital formation have a statistically significant negative effect on food production, while GDP makes a positive contribution to food production. In addition, inflation limits food production through cost-push pressures. The findings demonstrate that strategies to combat climate change and increase investment efficiency should be integrated into food security policies, especially for Türkiye, a major food producer in a conflict-prone region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJEL Classification:\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eF43, F63, Q18\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Macroeconomic Drivers of Food Security in Türkiye: An Augmented ARDL Analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-27 16:57:57","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8093516/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bdcf696d-a586-48cd-8774-d7bf103325ae","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 27th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":58677306,"name":"Business and commerce/Economics"},{"id":58677307,"name":"Social science/Economics"},{"id":58677308,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":58677309,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-12T22:23:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-27 16:57:57","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8093516","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8093516","identity":"rs-8093516","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2025) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00