Far-field level estimation in open wind tunnels with beamforming and CLEAN-SC

Far-field level estimation in open wind tunnels with beamforming and CLEAN-SC | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Far-field level estimation in open wind tunnels with beamforming and CLEAN-SC Armin Goudarzi, Daniel Ernst, Thomas Ahlefeldt, Florian Philipp, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7155357/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper presents the estimation of far-field levels in an open wind tunnel of a conventional aircraft half-span model in high-lift configuration at the directivity angles 55◦ , 83◦ , 99◦ , 114◦ , and 136◦ with 3D conventional beamforming and CLEAN-SC with shaded sub-arrays. Reference measurements of the sound pressure level were taken using far-field microphones placed at different distances. The beamforming-based predictions are derived by projecting CLEAN-SC source levels to the far-field, based on the assumption of spatially uncorrelated monopole sources. The estimated far-field sound pressure levels show good agreement with reference measurements at forward and sideward angles, while increasing underprediction is observed at rearward angles due to shear-layer decorrelation. beamforming far-field absolute level sound power Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7155357","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":504618090,"identity":"3f7235cb-b4a9-4250-81e5-8271db626f87","order_by":0,"name":"Armin Goudarzi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAxAqAYgNbBj7gJQEKVrSGNuI0cKA0MJwmLAW/tmnEw8XMNTKGRxPfvbxR8F52TbpA4w3PuDRInEud8PhGQzHjQ3OPDOeIWFw27iNL4HZcgY+a87wbjjMw3AsccONBGMGA4PbiW08DGzSPHh0yCO0pH9mSDA4B9HyB48WA4iWGqCWHGOGAwYHIFrwucsQrMXggLHkmTfFjA0GycZtPIzNlj14tMid4d38maeiTo7vePpmxh9/7GT7eZgP3viBzxqI8w4j8xgbCGoAgjpiFI2CUTAKRsFIBQBPzE0jlqPIBQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"German Aerospace Center","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Armin","middleName":"","lastName":"Goudarzi","suffix":""},{"id":504618091,"identity":"27487b49-a8ba-4a1c-b494-cd796b792a0f","order_by":1,"name":"Daniel Ernst","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"German Aerospace Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"","lastName":"Ernst","suffix":""},{"id":504618092,"identity":"dda07f76-bac6-4446-b7c4-b3a8849f7c65","order_by":2,"name":"Thomas Ahlefeldt","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"German Aerospace Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thomas","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahlefeldt","suffix":""},{"id":504618093,"identity":"4c56975a-dabc-4631-a2b3-74fc18af710a","order_by":3,"name":"Florian Philipp","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"German Aerospace Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Florian","middleName":"","lastName":"Philipp","suffix":""},{"id":504618094,"identity":"30245c12-4dbd-4056-8b7a-89974031c6d5","order_by":4,"name":"Carsten Spehr","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"German Aerospace Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carsten","middleName":"","lastName":"Spehr","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-18 08:08:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7155357/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7155357/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":89848529,"identity":"386fba7e-6798-473b-8c06-0b4814261537","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-25 16:52:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1225810,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CEASabsolutepowerestimationrev0.0.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7155357/v1_covered_1535fe26-88c6-4e5d-bf64-01ef34ab7230.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Far-field level estimation in open wind tunnels with beamforming and CLEAN-SC","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"beamforming, far-field, absolute level, sound power","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7155357/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7155357/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents the estimation of far-field levels in an open wind tunnel of a conventional aircraft half-span model in high-lift configuration at the directivity angles 55◦ , 83◦ , 99◦ , 114◦ , and 136◦ with 3D conventional beamforming and CLEAN-SC with shaded sub-arrays. 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