Significance of endometrial thickness on transvaginal sonography in heavy menstrual bleeding

Rekha Sachan, Meenakshi Singh, Amrita Yadav
In: Journal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine · 2019 · vol. 5(1) , pp. 28 · doi:10.4103/jcrsm.jcrsm_43_18 · W2950872016
article OA: diamond CC0 ⤵ 2 in-corpus citations
🔓 Open OA copy Full text JSON View on OpenAlex View at publisher
⚙ AI-generated summary by gemini-2.5-flash-lite, 2026-08-08 ⓘ

This study found that increased endometrial thickness on transvaginal ultrasound correlated with abnormal endometrial histopathology in perimenopausal women experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

⚙ AI-generated deep summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-09-30 · read from full text ⓘ

This multicentre cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and protein-energy wasting in a large cohort of 3722 adults undergoing maintenance haemodialysis across Saudi Arabia. The researchers utilized various screening tools, including the Malnutrition-Inflammation Score and SARC-CalF, alongside clinical data to identify risk factors associated with these nutritional syndromes. Results indicated that nearly half of the participants had high nutritional risk and over half were at risk for sarcopenia, with significant overlap between the two conditions linked to higher comorbidity indices and disability scores. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is defined as excessive menstrual blood loss which interferes with a woman's physical, social, emotional, and/or material quality of life. This is the most distressing complication in perimenopausal women which affects the quality of life.Aims: This study aimed to evaluate endometrial thickness (ET) by ultrasound and histopathological examination and their correlation with HMB in perimenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis was carried out over 1 year. A total of 120 women of 40–55 years' age group who presented with abnormal bleeding pattern were included in the study. These women underwent clinical examination, investigations and ultrasound examination followed by endometrial biopsy.Results: Majority of the women (47.5%) had menstrual disturbance in the age group of 40–45 years followed by 45.8% of women in the age group of 46–50 years. Menorrhagia was the most common complaint found in 65 (54.2%) women, 10 (8.3%) women suffered from metrorrhagia, 18 (15%) had polymenorrhea, and 22 (18.3%) women had amenorrhea followed by heavy bleeding. Proliferative endometrium was found in 90 (75%), secretory endometrium in 8 (6.7%) and simple hyperplasia without atypia in 3 (2.5%) of the women in the study population. Simple hyperplasia with atypia was observed in 2 women (1.7%), 3 women (2.5%) had complex hyperplasia without atypia, and 1 woman (0.83%) had complex hyperplasia with atypia. Endometritis was present in 5 (4.2%) cases and atrophic endometrium was found in 3 (2.5%)cases and atrophic endometrium was found in 2.5% (3). No endometrial biopsy specimen was suggestive of endometrial carcinoma. Simple hyperplasia with atypia was detected when ET was 11–15 mm and 16–20 mm. Complex hyperplasia without atypia was detected with ET >16–20 mm and >20 mm. Only one case had complex hyperplasia with atypia where ET was >20 mm. No abnormal endometrial pathology was detected when ET was below 11 mm.Conclusions: Increased ET on transvaginal ultrasound had association with abnormal endometrial tissue histopathology in women with HMB.
Full text 2,801 characters · extracted from oa-html · 4 sections · click to expand

Background

Chronic kidney disease is a major global health burden linked to malnutrition, sarcopenia and related nutritional syndromes including protein-energy wasting (PEW)/cachexia and sarcopenic obesity (SO). Data from end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) populations in Saudi Arabia and the wider Middle East are scarce. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition and sarcopenia risk in a large haemodialysis (HD) cohort and the co-occurrence of PEW/cachexia risk and SO.

Methods

Multicentre, cross-sectional study in 40 dialysis clinics across Saudi Arabia (June–August 2024). Adults on maintenance HD ≥ 90 days were screened using the malnutrition–inflammation score (MIS; high risk > 5), SARC-F (sarcopenia risk ≥ 4) high risk, calf circumference (CC; cut-offs ≤ 34-cm males, ≤ 33-cm females), CC adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and oedema (Adj. CC) and SARC-CalF (sarcopenia risk ≥ 11). SO was defined as sarcopenia risk by SARC-CalF (Adj. CC) plus BMI > 30 kg/m2. Routine blood chemistry (e.g., total iron-binding capacity [TIBC] and albumin) and screening tools were collected for physical function (Karnofsky), falls risk (Morse fall) and comorbidity (Charlson index). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression (adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, dialysis vintage and Kt/V) identified factors associated with each outcome.

Results

Of 3722 HD patients (56.8% male; age 53.6 ± 15.8 years; BMI 26.8 ± 6.4 kg/m2), 48% had diabetes and 35% had high/very high Charlson comorbidity index. High nutritional risk (MIS > 5) was found in 44.5% (n = 1657) and sarcopenia risk (SARC-CalF [Adj. CC]) in 53.1% (n = 1978); 31.6% (n = 1175) had combined malnutrition and sarcopenia (M + S) and 7.7% (n = 285) had SO. Versus the no-risk group, M + S patients had lower albumin, TIBC, Karnofsky score and higher comorbidity index and Morse fall risk score (all p < 0.001). Independent factors associated with high nutritional risk included lower BMI, higher Charlson index, longer dialysis vintage, lower serum creatinine and higher triglycerides (all p < 0.05). Shared independent factors for sarcopenia risk were older age, higher comorbidity index, longer dialysis duration, lower creatinine and higher triglycerides (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This is the first large-scale study to fully characterise a Saudi and Middle Eastern HD cohort. There was a very high risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia. Furthermore, a high number had both conditions and overlapping features of PEW/cachexia, which included high comorbidity and disability risk. Findings support routine, multitool nutritional and muscle screening in HD care, including younger patients.

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

⚙ Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: oa-html ⓘ

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Condition tags

disambig:endometritis

Citation neighborhood (sparse)

Too few in-corpus citations on either side for a chart; here are the lists.

Cites (1)

References (14)

Source provenance

openalex
last seen: 2026-06-10T17:14:06.276822+00:00
License: CC0 · commercial use OK