Lasers

In: Clinical Perspectives in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 1996 · pp. 43–57 · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2330-6_3 · W4210925488
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Gynecologic surgeons developed refined tools and techniques, including lasers, to minimize postoperative adhesion formation by addressing tissue trauma, drying, bleeding, and tissue reactivity.

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This chapter discusses the role of laser surgery in the evolution of operative gynecology, focusing on microsurgical and endoscopic principles aimed at minimizing postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions. It links adhesion formation to factors such as tissue trauma, drying, excessive bleeding, and tissue reaction, and contrasts laser approaches with other energy sources (including electrosurgery) while noting laser-associated tissue effects and healing patterns studied in animal models and clinical reports. A major caveat is that many comparisons are early or based on heterogeneous study designs (e.g., differing lasers, settings, and endpoints, including animal versus human data) and are presented largely as an overview rather than a single controlled trial. Relevance to endometriosis: the chapter explicitly addresses laser use for endometriosis (e.g., references to CO2 laser management/excisional techniques and comparisons of lasers in endometriosis videolaseroscopy), though its main topic is an overview of lasers in operative gynecologic endoscopy.

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Abstract

Surgical instrumentation and techniques undergo a process of continuous improvement as the scope and the goals of laparotomy and minimally invasive surgery expand. Perhaps this evolution is best exemplified in gynecology by the development of microsurgery, endoscopic surgery, electrosurgery, and laser surgery. Recognizing the importance of adhesion on the outcome of infertility surgery, the gynecologic surgeons developed more refined tools and techniques to minimize postoperative adhesion formation.1,2 Having learned that the major contributing factors to adhesion formation include tissue trauma, drying of serosal surfaces, excessive bleeding, and tissue reaction,3,4 reproductive surgeons developed the techniques of delicate tissue handling, constant irrigation, meticulous attention to hemostasis, and the use of fine instrumentation and less reactive suture material.1,2 These important microsurgical principles are applicable not only to infertility procedures but to all gynecologic operations, especially when fertility potential is of paramount importance.1 Preview Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF. Similar content being viewed by others

References

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Fertil Steril 1985; 43: 395. Tulandi T, Vilos GA: A comparison between laser surgery and electrosurgery for bilateral hydrosalpinx: a 2 year follow-up. Fertil Steril 1985; 44: 846. Tulandi T: Salpingo-ovariolysis: a comparison between laser surgery and electrosurgery. Fertil Steril 1986; 45: 48. Decherney AH: The leader of the band is tired. Fertil Steril 1985; 44: 299. Luciano AA, Maier DB, Nulsen JC, et al: A comparative study of postoperative adhesion formation following laser surgery by laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the rabbit model. Obstet Gynecol 1989; 74: 220. Bruhat H, Mage C, Manhes M: Use of the C02 laser via laparoscopy. In Laser Surgery III, Kaplan I (ed). Proceedings of the Third International Society for Laser Surgery, Tel Aviv, 1979, p 275. Tadir Y, Ovadia J, Zuckerman Z, et al: Laparoscopic application of the CO2 laser. In Proceedings of the 4th Congress of International Society for Laser Surgery. Tokyo Japanese Society for Laser Medicine 1981, p. 25. Baggish MS, el Bakry MM: Comparison of electronic super pulsed continuous wave CO2 laser in the rat uterine horn. Fertil Steril 1986; 45: 120. Bellina JF: Microsurgery of the fallopian tube with the carbon dioxide laser: analysis of 230 cases with a 2 year follow-up. Laser Surg Med 1983; 3: 255. Bellina JH, Hemmings R, Voros IJ, et al: Carbon dioxide laser and electrosurgical wound study with an animal model: a comparison of tissue damage and healing patterns in peritoneal tissue. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 148: 327. Chong AP, Baggish MS: Management of pelvic endometriosis by means of intraabdominal carbon dioxide laser. Fertil Steril 1984; 41: 14. Daniell JF, Miller W, Tosh K: Initial evaluation of the use of the potassium-titanyl phosphate (KTP/532) laser in gynecologic laparoscopy. Fertil Steril 1986; 46: 373. Keye WR, Hansen LW, Astin M et al: Argon laser therapy of endometriosis: a review of 92 consecutive patients. Fertil Steril 1987; 47: 208. Joffe SN, Brackett KA, Sankar MY, Daikuzono N: Resection of the liver with Nd-YAG laser. Surg Gynecol Obstet, 1986; 163: 437. Shirk GJ: Use of Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 1344. Filmar S, Gomel V, McComb P: The effectiveness of CO2 laser and electromicrosurgery in adhesiolysis: a comparative study. Fertil Steril 1986; 45: 407. Filmar S, Jetha N, McComb P, Gomel V: A comparative histologic study on the healing process after tissue transection. I. Carbon dioxide laser and electromicrosurgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 1062. Filmar S, Jetha N, McComb P, Gomel V: A comparative histologic study on the healing process after tissue transection. II. Carbon dioxide laser and surgical microscissors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 160: 1068. Luciano AA, Whitman G, Maier DB, et al: A comparison of thermal injury healing patterns, and postoperative adhesion formation following CO2 laser and electromicrosurgery. Fertil Steril 1987; 48: 1025. Luciano AA, Frishman GN, Kratka SA, Maier DB: A comparative analysis of adhesion reduction, tissue effects, and incising characteristics of elec trosurgery, CO2 laser, and Nd-YAG laser at operative laparoscopy. J Laparoendosc 1993; 2: 305. Luciano AA, Marana R, Krakta S et al: Ovarian function after incision of the ovary by scalpel, CO2 laser and microelectrode. Fertil Steril 1991; 56: 349. Marana R, Luciano AA, Marendino VE, et al: Reproductive outcome after ovarian surgery: microsurgery versus CO2 laser. J Gynecol Surg 1991; 7: 159. Pittaway DE, Maxson WS, Daniell JF: A comparison of the CO2 laser and electrocautery on postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation in rabbits. Fertil Steril 1983;40:366. Luciano AA, Lowney J, Jacobs SL: Endoscopic treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility: therapeutic, economic and social benefits. J Reprod Med 1992; 37: 573. Mage G, Bruhat MA: Pregnancy following salpingostomy: comparison between CO2 laser and electrosurgery procedures. Fertil Steril 1983; 40: 472. Martin DC: Tissue effects of lasers. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1991; 9: 118. Fullerta: Fundamentals of lasers in surgery and medicine. In Surgical Applications of Lasers, Dixon J (ed). Chicago, Year Book, 1983, pp 11– 28. Mckenzie AL: How far does thermal damage extend beneath the surface of the CO2 laser incision? Phys Med Biol 1983; 28: 905. Nezhat C, Winer WK, Nezhat F: A comparison of the CO2, argon, and KTP/532 laser in the videolaseroscopic treatment of endometriosis. Colposc Gynecol Laser Surg 1988; 4: 41. Reich H, Macgregor TS III, Vancaille TG: C02 laser used through the operating channel of laser laparoscope: in vitro study of power and power density losses. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 77: 40. Racette N, Filmar S, Jetha N, et al: The viability of oocytes after incision of the ovary by CO2 laser, microelectrode and scalpel. Presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of The American Fertility Society, Atlanta, October 1988. Program Supplement, p S50 (abstract PO-18) Nezhat C, Crowgey S, Nezhat F: Videolaseroscopy for the treatment of endometriosis associated infertility. Fertil Steril 1989; 51: 23. Feste JR: Laser laparoscopy: a new modality. J Reprod Med 1985; 30: 413. Martin DC, Vanderzwaag R: Excisional techniques for endometriosis with the CO2 laser laparoscope. J Reprod Med 1987; 32: 753. Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York About this chapter Cite this chapter Luciano, A.A. (1996). Lasers. In: Sanfilippo, J.S., Levine, R.L. (eds) Operative Gynecologic Endoscopy. Clinical Perspectives in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2330-6_3 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2330-6_3 Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-7505-3 Online ISBN: 978-1-4612-2330-6 eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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