Generative Artificial Intelligence Applications in Reproductive Health: Opportunities and Challenges

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, is emerging as a tool to address declining birth rates and rising infertility. It enhances reproductive education, preventive interventions, and doctor-patient communication, providing personalized healthcare information discreetly. Sexual and reproductive health is a fundamental human right, yet many lack access to quality care. GenAI offers 24/7 access to reproductive health information through chatbots, aiding patients with diagnoses and lifestyle advice. While useful, AI tools sometimes lack depth for sensitive topics. AI can create educational content tailored to various literacy levels and cultural contexts, helping individuals understand complex medical information. AI tools can destigmatize menstruation and provide personalized insights through cycle tracking, improving health management and education. AI enhances in vitro fertilization (IVF) success through better diagnostics and personalized risk profiles, though it requires careful validation and regulation. AI can improve the accessibility and quality of sexual health education, offering personalized guidance on contraceptive methods. AI chatbots can bridge gaps in reproductive healthcare for marginalized groups by providing confidential, multilingual support. AI tools can enhance communication, helping patients prepare for consultations and engage in shared decision-making. Despite its potential, GenAI faces challenges such as accuracy, bias, privacy concerns, and accessibility issues. Regulatory oversight is still developing. GenAI is transforming reproductive health by providing personalized support and education. However, it must be implemented with a focus on safety, equity, and human connection, ideally through a hybrid approach that combines AI tools with human oversight.