Evaluating the Optimal Design for Kozak’s Tree Taper Model

Evaluating the Optimal Design for Kozak’s Tree Taper Model | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluating the Optimal Design for Kozak’s Tree Taper Model Goitom Takele, Esayas Embaye Kidane This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7740955/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Tree taper models are essential tools for forest managers, providing accurate information on current and future growing stock. However, there is no universally standardized design procedure for collecting tree taper data exist, leading to the use of suboptimal designs in practice. This study evaluates the performance of the Ds-optimal design proposed by Berhe and Arnoldsson ( 2011 ) against two ordinary designs by Berhe and Arnoldsson ( 2008 ) and Leites and Robinson ( 2004 ). Data were collected from 70 Cupressus lusitanica trees at Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources (WGCFNR), Ethiopia, using the three taper designs. Kozak’s ( 1988 ) taper model was fitted to the datasets, and performance indicators—coefficient of determination (R²), bias (B), standard error of estimate (SEE), mean absolute error (MAE), and prediction error sum of squares (PRESS)—were used for comparison. Results indicated that all three designs yielded similar performance for the Kozak model. Notably, the Ds-optimal design proved to be the most efficient, reducing the number of required measurements by nearly half compared to ordinary designs without compromising model accuracy. This study recommends adopting optimal designs for tree taper models and other forestry applications to enhance data collection efficiency. Cupressrus lusitanica Tree taper models Ordinary tree taper designs Ds-optimal design Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Model\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cupressrus lusitanica, Tree taper models, Ordinary tree taper designs, Ds-optimal design","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7740955/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7740955/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTree taper models are essential tools for forest managers, providing accurate information on current and future growing stock. However, there is no universally standardized design procedure for collecting tree taper data exist, leading to the use of suboptimal designs in practice. This study evaluates the performance of the Ds-optimal design proposed by Berhe and Arnoldsson (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) against two ordinary designs by Berhe and Arnoldsson (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e) and Leites and Robinson (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e). Data were collected from 70 \u003cem\u003eCupressus lusitanica\u003c/em\u003e trees at Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources (WGCFNR), Ethiopia, using the three taper designs. Kozak\u0026rsquo;s (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e) taper model was fitted to the datasets, and performance indicators\u0026mdash;coefficient of determination (R\u0026sup2;), bias (B), standard error of estimate (SEE), mean absolute error (MAE), and prediction error sum of squares (PRESS)\u0026mdash;were used for comparison. Results indicated that all three designs yielded similar performance for the Kozak model. Notably, the Ds-optimal design proved to be the most efficient, reducing the number of required measurements by nearly half compared to ordinary designs without compromising model accuracy. This study recommends adopting optimal designs for tree taper models and other forestry applications to enhance data collection efficiency.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluating the Optimal Design for Kozak’s Tree Taper Model","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-30 05:03:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7740955/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"acd715bc-bc21-4ac3-9526-d1b1438f114f","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-13T12:09:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-30 05:03:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7740955","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7740955","identity":"rs-7740955","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}